scholarly journals MOTIVATIONAL FEATURES OF YOUNG OFFICERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
G. Nietbaeva ◽  
◽  
A. Tolemissova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Motivation ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Psychological Phenomenon ◽  
Psychological Service ◽  
Female Officers ◽  
Positive Motivation

This article highlights the topic of the motivational sphere of young servicemen. Motivation is a complex psychological phenomenon that provides opportunities for the development of a personality, its training and ensures its mental health. Motivation diagnostics is an important component of psychological service in military organizations. The manifestation of negative motivation can be an important indicator of maladaptation. Diagnostics of motivation among young officers showed that they have higher values of positive motivation compared to civilians. The indicators of male and female officers were compared. The analysis did not identify statistically significant differences between the indicators of male and female officers.

Sex differences in posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in police officers following exposure to violence in Ferguson

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin C. Beagley ◽  
Zoë D. Peterson ◽  
David R. Strasshofer ◽  
Tara E. Galovski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Officers

PurposeWomen comprise a significant and growing proportion of the law enforcement population. Despite this, their potentially unique reactions to job-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depression have been underrepresented in the relevant literature, particularly within the context of exposure to community violence. Also understudied is the role of empathy in the development of post-trauma reactions, which has been a risk factor for the development of posttraumatic distress in previous studies. With the recent endorsement of empathy training by the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, it is important to examine ways in which empathy may contribute to differences in PTSS and depression for male and female officers. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachMale and female police officers (n=189) exposed to violence during the 2014 Ferguson protests completed a battery of measures designed to assess demographic information, prior trauma history, and mental health outcomes.FindingsModeration analyses showed that empathy moderated the relationships between exposure and PTSS and exposure and depression in female officers, such that exposure was associated with higher posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms only for female officers with high levels of empathy. These relationships were not found for men.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine sex differences and the role of empathy in the mental health effects of law enforcement secondary to violence during community protests against policing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental health symptoms among male and female Australian professional footballers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001043
Author(s):  
Özgür Kilic ◽  
Sean Carmody ◽  
Judith Upmeijer ◽  
Gino M M J Kerkhoffs ◽  
Rosemary Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Health Symptoms

ObjectiveDetermining the prevalence of mental health symptoms (MHS) among Australian professional footballers compared with former players. A secondary aim was to assess whether MHS were associated with recent injury and psychological resilience.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 149 male (mean age: 24 years) and 132 female (mean age: 23 years) Australian A-League and W-League professional footballers (study group) and 81 former male footballers (control group, mean age: 39 years) for analysis. MHS and psychological resilience were assessed through validated questionnaires. Severe injuries were assessed through a single question. The adjusted Wald method was used to assess the primary aim. Logistic regression analyses was used to assess the secondary aim.ResultsThe most prevalent MHS among active footballers and former footballers was sport-related psychological distress (63%) and alcohol misuse (69%), respectively. Global psychological distress, sleep disturbance, alcohol misuse and substance misuse were significantly lower among active male footballers than among former players. Increased psychological resilience among active male footballers was associated with a decrease in symptoms of sport-related and global psychological distress, anxiety and depression of 9%, 14%, 23% and 20%, respectively. Increased psychological resilience among female players was associated with 10% decrease in symptoms of depression. Problem gambling and sleep disturbance was associated with injury in the previous 6 months among active male and female footballers, respectively.ConclusionsMHS are prevalent among active and former professional footballers. Higher level of psychological resilience is associated with decreased reporting of MHS. Severe injury is associated with problem gambling and sleep disturbance.

scholarly journals MindTick: Case Study of a Digital System for Mental Health Clinicians to Monitor and Support Patients Outside Clinics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Perry ◽  
Lydia Oakey-Neate ◽  
John Fouyaxis ◽  
Sue Boyd-Brierley ◽  
Megan Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Clinicians ◽  
Psychological Service ◽  
Mental Health Patients ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Roll Out

The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the limitations of relying solely on in-person contact for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of mental health conditions. Mobile health approaches can be used to monitor mental health patients remotely, but they are not properly integrated with existing models of healthcare service delivery. We present findings from a case study of a mobile app enabled cloud-based software program rolled out in a phone based psychological service to enable real-time/temporal monitoring. The program offered patients an app to record measures of symptoms in everyday contexts and provided clinicians with access to an accompanying dashboard to use information from the app to tailor treatments and monitor progress and ultimately facilitate earlier and personalised care decisions. Feedback related to implementation and utility was gathered from clinicians through a focus group conducted two months post-roll-out. Findings identified that the system is valuable and feasible, however implementation issues were identified. These are discussed in order to inform future work in this area to support the delivery of timely and responsive mental health care in the community.

scholarly journals Mental health among young adults in prison: The importance of childhood-onset conduct disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Hofvander ◽  
Henrik Anckarsäter ◽  
Märta Wallinius ◽  
Eva Billstedt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe psychiatric health burden of prisoners is substantial. However, there is a lack of high-quality studies of psychiatric disorders among young adults with a high risk of reoffending.AimsTo investigate the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders and use of mental health services among young male violent offenders and the impact of childhood-onset conduct disorder (COCD).MethodA nationally representative cohort (n = 270, age 18–25) of male offenders was followed back in medical records and clinically assessed by gold standard methods. Lifetime prevalences are presented together with odds ratios (ORs) as risk estimates in relation to COCD.ResultsPrevious use of psychiatric services among the participants was high but their lifetime psychiatric morbidity was even higher, with 93% meeting criteria for at least one Axis I disorder. The COCD group was overrepresented in most clinical categories and carried five times higher odds (OR = 5.1, 95% CI 2.0–12.8) of a psychotic disorder, three times higher odds (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.5) of a substance use disorder and two times higher odds of a mood disorder (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.0) or anxiety disorder (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5).ConclusionsThe mental health burden is substantial among young violent offenders, and COCD is an important indicator of future mental health problems which must be a priority for public health efforts.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Work-Stress Memory Bias and Stress Hormones

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Laurence Dumont ◽  
Marie-France Marin ◽  
Sonia J. Lupien ◽  
Robert-Paul Juster
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stress Memory ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Health Disorders

Mental health problems related to chronic stress in workers appear to be sex-specific. Psychosocial factors related to work–life balance partly explain these sex differences. In addition, physiological markers of stress can provide critical information on the mechanisms explaining how chronic stress gets “under the skull” to increase vulnerability to mental health disorders in working men and women. Stress hormones access the brain and modulate attentional and memory process in favor of threatening information. In the present study, we tested whether male and female workers present a memory bias towards work-stress related information, and whether this bias is associated with concentrations of stress hormones in reactivity to a laboratory stressor (reactive levels) and samples taken in participants’ workday (diurnal levels). In total, 201 participants (144 women) aged between 18 and 72 years underwent immediate and delayed recall tasks with a 24-word list, split as a function of valence (work-stress, positive, neutral). Participants were exposed to a psychosocial stressor in between recalls. Reactivity to stress was measured with saliva samples before and after the stressor. Diurnal cortisol was also measured with five saliva samples a day, during 2 workdays. Our exploratory results showed that men presented greater cortisol reactivity to stress than women, while women recalled more positive and neutral words than men. No sex difference was detected on the recall of work-stress words, before or after exposure to stress. These results do not support the hypothesis of a sex-specific cognitive bias as an explanatory factor for sex differences in stress-related mental health disorders in healthy male and female workers. However, it is possible that such a work-stress bias is present in individuals who have developed a mental-health disorder related to workplace stress or who have had one in the recent past. Consequently, future studies could use our stress memory bias task to assess this and other hypotheses in diverse working populations.

Exploring Gendered Environments in Policing: Workplace Incivilities and Fit Perceptions in Men and Women Officers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-450
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Rief ◽  
Samantha S. Clinkinbeard
Keyword(s):  
Police Culture ◽  
Women Officers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Women's Experience ◽  
Female Officers ◽  
Field View

Research indicates that women are still underrepresented in policing and that police culture is not fully accepting of its sisters in blue. As police organizations strive toward building an inclusive workforce, we must understand how women, already in the field, view their place and experiences within their jobs, organizations, and workgroups. Thus, in the current research, we use a comparative sample ( n = 832) of male and female officers to examine perceptions of fit in the job, organization, and workgroup, and how these perceptions relate to reports of workplace incivilities. Findings indicate that women "fit in "with the job and the broader agency, but they are less likely than men to feel they belong within their workgroup. This relationship was partially mediated by workplace incivilities, indicating that women’s experience of subtle forms of discrimination partially explains their lower levels of fit in their workgroup.

How Gender of Ex-Offenders Influences Access to Employment Opportunities

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Richardson ◽  
Shawn M. Flower
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Specific Barriers

While both male and female ex-offenders face many of the same difficulties while finding employment, some barriers are unique to either males or females, or are more problematic for one gender. The purpose of this article is to review gender differences in barriers to employment for ex-offenders with disabilities. There is little research on disabilities and offending populations – what exists explores the prevalence of mental health, substance abuse, and intellectual or developmental disabilities (James & Glaze, 2006; National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 2010). Further, the body of research that examines barriers to employment specifically for ex-offenders with disabilities is extremely limited. Consequently, this review will explicitly reference ex-offenders with disabilities where possible, but generalizations about this justice-involved population are required. The authors hypothesize that many of the existing gender-neutral and gender-specific barriers to employment are exacerbated by the presence of a disability or disabilities. Disadvantages for ex-offenders are compounded in a fashion that makes finding a job a daunting task.

A Longitudinal Test of Three Theories of Overconfidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Murphy ◽  
Fiona Kate Barlow ◽  
William von Hippel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Motivation ◽  
Social Success ◽  
Over Time

This article presents a longitudinal test of three proposed functions of overconfidence. In a sample of 894 high school boys surveyed across two school years, we examined whether overconfidence in sporting ability and intelligence predicts improved mental health, motivation, and popularity. Both sporting and intelligence overconfidence showed positive cross-sectional associations with mental health outcomes, but there was little evidence that overconfidence predicted improved mental health over time. Some evidence emerged that overconfidence in sporting ability, but not intellectual ability, predicted increased effort, but neither type of overconfidence predicted improvements in ability over time. Finally, sporting but not intellectual overconfidence predicted increased popularity over time. These results suggest that overconfidence is associated with increased social success over time in at least some domains, and contradict the oft-cited possibility that overconfidence leads to increasingly deleterious outcomes over time.

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