Water as carrier of information of heat shock and drug effect between two groups of Adhatoda vasica plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Sandhimita Mondal ◽  
Soma Sukul (nee Chunari) ◽  
N C Sukul
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Adjacent Pair ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Cotton Threads

Adhatoda vasica Nees plants were grown in 50 earthen pots, which were divided into 5 batches A, B, C, D, and E. Of these A, B and C, D were arranged into two separate parallel pairs. One leaf of each plant of an adjacent pair was immersed in sterile tap water in a beaker. Adjacent beakers in each pair A B or C D were connected by polythene tubes containing wet cotton threads. One leaf of each plant of A was given heat shock by immersing a leaf in hot water for 5 min. One leaf of each plant of C was treated with Cantharis vesicatoria 200c. Batch E served as the unstressed and untreated control. One hour after heat shock or drug treatment all the leaves were harvested and their proteins were extracted by chilled protein extraction buffer. Proteins were separated by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). Protein profiles of A, B and C, D showed marked similarity with respect to expression and repression of some proteins. It is concluded that the effect of heat shock and drug treatment is transmitted through water in the capillaries of cotton threads connecting the pairs of plants. It is assumed that heat shock or drug treatment altered locally the water structure in the leaves which was propagated through global network of water structure over the protein network in the whole plants, and from there to the interfacial water in the beakers and cotton threads. A homeopathic potency is thought to be specifically structured water which influences the water structure in the treated organism.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Mixing in a Hot-Water Storage Tank

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aviv ◽  
Y. Blyakhman ◽  
O. Beeri ◽  
G. Ziskind ◽  
R. Letan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Software Validation ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Thermal Mixing ◽  
Numerical Investigations

Thermal mixing and stratification are explored numerically and experimentally in a cylindrical tank, which simulates a storage of water heated by a solar collector. The tank is 70cm in height and 24cm in diameter. The inlet and outlet are vertical and located off the centerline of the tank. The study is conducted in a transient mode, namely, the tank is filled with hot water, and as the hot water is being withdrawn, the tap water replaces it in a stratified way or by mixing. The flowrates of 2l∕min, 3l∕min, 5l∕min and 7l∕min, which correspond to superficial velocities of 4.35cm∕min, 6.52cm∕min, 10.87cm∕min, and 15.2cm∕min, are explored. Temperature of hot water ranges within 40–50°C, while the tap water is about 25–27°C. Installation of one and two horizontal baffles above the inlet is examined. Simultaneous experimental and numerical investigations are performed. In the experiment, both flow visualization and temperature measurements are used. Three-dimensional transient numerical simulations are done using the FLUENT 6 software. Validation of the numerical model is achieved by comparison with the experimental results. Then, the numerical model is applied to a study of various possible changes in the system. The results show that at low flowrates, up to a superficial velocity of about 11cm∕min through the tank, the baffles have no effect on tap water mixing with the stored hot water. At higher flowrates, a single horizontal baffle prevents the mixing and preserves the desired stratified temperature distribution in the storage tank.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Expectorant Herbal Basak Tea Prepared with Adhatoda vasica Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish K Sarker ◽  
Kabir Ahamed ◽  
Jasim Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Jarifa Begum
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Animal Toxicity

A herbal tea for an expectorant action was prepared with Adhatoda vasica leaves. Analytical, pharmacological, microbiological and animal toxicity studies were carried out to characterize the herbal tea. The analytical data indicates that the alcohol extract from herbal basak tea contains 0.67% crude alkaloids and the isolated tracheal chain experiment with this extract showed small relaxation effect compare to the standard histamine drug. The crude alkaloids and the other extracts (petroleum ether extract, alcohol extract and hot water extract) showed mild inhibition in different degrees against different microorganisms. The animal toxicity studies on rats revealed no mortality after 24 hours and also no abnormal delayed effect indicates no toxicity of prepared tea at all. Based on the above results, the prepared herbal basak tea is proposed as a good expectorant. Herbal tea prepared with Adhatoda vasica leaves collected in May to September showed better efficacy than those of other times. Key words: Herbal basak tea, Crude alkaloids, Relaxation effect. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3674 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 211-214, 2009

scholarly journals Antimycobacterial potential of the juniper berry essential oil in tap water

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Peruč ◽  
Ivana Gobin ◽  
Maja Abram ◽  
Dalibor Broznić ◽  
Tomislav Svalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
Common Juniper

Abstract Mycobacterium avium complex-related diseases are often associated with poorly maintained hot water systems. This calls for the development of new control strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of essential oils (EOs) from the Mediterranean plants, common juniper, immortelle, sage, lavandin, laurel, and white cedar against Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium gordonae in culturing broth and freshwater as their most common habitat. To do that, we developed a new method of water microdilution to determine their minimal effective concentrations (MEC). The most active EO was the one from the common juniper with the MEC of 1.6 mg mL-1. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry the juniper EO identified monoterpenes (70.54 %) and sesquiterpenes (25.9 %) as dominant component groups. The main monoterpene hydrocarbons were α-pinene, sabinene, and β-pinene. The juniper EO significantly reduced the cell viability of M. intracellulare and M. gordonae at MEC, and of M. avium at 2xMEC. Microscopic analysis confirmed its inhibitory effect by revealing significant morphological changes in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of all three bacteria. The mode of action of the juniper EO on the cell membrane was confirmed by a marked leakage of intracellular material. Juniper EO has a great practical potential as a complementary or alternative water disinfectant in hot water systems such as baths, swimming pools, spa pools, hot tubs, or even foot baths/whirlpools.

scholarly journals Improvement of Heat Shock Treatment and Trial Development of Hot Water Sprayer for Inducing Disease Resistance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mioko Yoshino ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Zhou Songying ◽  
Hiromitsu Odani ◽  
Morifumi Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

scholarly journals Effects of Disinfection on Legionella spp., Eukarya, and Biofilms in a Hot Water System

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (19) ◽  
pp. 6850-6858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Farhat ◽  
Marina Moletta-Denat ◽  
Jacques Frère ◽  
Séverine Onillon ◽  
Marie-Cécile Trouilhé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water System ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chemical Treatments

ABSTRACTLegionellaspecies are frequently detected in hot water systems, attached to the surface as a biofilm. In this work, the dynamics ofLegionellaspp. and diverse bacteria and eukarya associated together in the biofilm, coming from a pilot scale 1 system simulating a real hot water system, were investigated throughout 6 months after two successive heat shock treatments followed by three successive chemical treatments. Community structure was assessed by a fingerprint technique, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). In addition, the diversity and dynamics ofLegionellaand eukarya were investigated by small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal cloning and sequencing. Our results showed that pathogenicLegionellaspecies remained after the heat shock and chemical treatments (Legionella pneumophilaandLegionella anisa, respectively). The biofilm was not removed, and the bacterial community structure was transitorily affected by the treatments. Moreover, several amoebae had been detected in the biofilm before treatments (Thecamoebaesp.,Vannellasp., andHartmanella vermiformis) and after the first heat shock treatment, but onlyH. vermiformisremained. However, another protozoan affiliated with Alveolata, which is known as a host cell forLegionella, dominated the eukaryal species after the second heat shock and chemical treatment tests. Therefore, effectiveLegionelladisinfection may be dependent on the elimination of these important microbial components. We suggest that eradicatingLegionellain hot water networks requires better study of bacterial and eukaryal species associated withLegionellain biofilms.

scholarly journals Effect of heat shock on hot water plumbing microbiota and Legionella pneumophila control

Microbiome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Ji ◽  
William J. Rhoads ◽  
Marc A. Edwards ◽  
Amy Pruden
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Hot Water

Application of an Exhaust Heat Recovery System for Domestic Hot Water

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanbin Liu ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Exhaust Heat Recovery

Typically there is a great deal of waste heat available in drainage system of large-scale public bathhouses, such as public bathhouses in schools, barracks and natatoriums. The paper advances a heat pump system used in bathhouses for exhaust heat recovery. The system consists of solar energy collection system, drainage collection system and heat pump system for exhaust heat recovery. In the system, tap water is heated by energy from solar energy collection system, and is used as hot water for bathing at the beginning. At the same time, drainage collection system collects sewage from bathhouses, and then electric heat pump starts up and recovers the exhaust heat in sewage and heats the tap water. In this way, heat is recycled. Practical operation of the system was introduced, and drainage temperature as well as equipment capacity was optimized based on a practical example. Compared with gas-fired (oil-fired, coal-fired, electric) boilers, the system has advantages of lower energy consumption, less pollution and lower operating cost. Therefore, the system has great superiority in energy conservation and has a good application prospect.

scholarly journals A Hot Water Extract of Sideritis scardica Prolongs Life Span and Enhances Heat Shock Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2091728
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Nishioka ◽  
Seiya Nishikawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Hot Water Extract

Sideritis scardica is a Lamiaceae plant that is endemic to the alpine zone of the Balkan Peninsula. The tea of S. scardica has been handed down as a “tea of longevity” in the Rhodope region of Bulgaria for an unknown amount of time. In this study, we prepared a hot water extract of S. scardica (SHWE) and examined its effects on both life span and stress response in living tissue using Caenorhabditis elegans and its transgenic mutants. The life span of wild-type N2 worms was prolonged by approximately 15% at the SHWE concentration of 5 µg/mL and approximately 22% at the SHWE concentration of 50 µg/mL, as compared with the control group. The effect of SHWE on the expression of heat shock protein 16.2 (HSP-16.2) under heat stress was investigated using TJ375 worms, a transgenic mutant of C. elegans. In the TJ375 worms pretreated with SHWE, the fluorescence intensity of green fluorescent protein fluorescence, which indicates the expression of HSP-16.2, was significantly increased. In the assay using TJ356 worms, the worms pretreated with SHWE did not show the translocation of DAF-16, a forkhead transcription factor class O homolog, from the cytoplasm to nucleus under heat stress. Additionally, under heat stress, the pretreatment of SHWE improved the survival rate of GR1307 worms, a knockout mutant of daf-16. These results indicate that SHWE enhances HSP-16.2 expression through a stress-response pathway (eg, HSF-1 pathway) other than the DAF-16 pathway, resulting in a prolonged life span of C. elegans under heat stress.

scholarly journals Simulation of Cross-Contamination and Decontamination of Campylobacter jejuni during Handling of Contaminated Raw Vegetables in a Domestic Kitchen

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2448-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAY-CHING CHAI ◽  
HAI-YEN LEE ◽  
FARINAZLEEN MOHD GHAZALI ◽  
FATIMAH ABU BAKAR ◽  
PRADEEP KUMAR MALAKAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Campylobacter jejuni was found to occur at high prevalence in the raw salad vegetables examined. Previous reports describe cross-contamination involving meat; here we investigated the occurrence of cross-contamination and decontamination events in the domestic kitchen via C. jejuni–contaminated vegetables during salad preparation. This is the first report concerning quantitative cross-contamination and decontamination involving naturally contaminated produce. The study was designed to simulate the real preparation of salad in a household kitchen, starting with washing the vegetables in tap water, then cutting the vegetables on a cutting board, followed by slicing cucumber and blanching (heating in hot water) the vegetables in 85° water. Vegetables naturally contaminated with C. jejuni were used throughout the simulation to attain realistic quantitative data. The mean of the percent transfer rates for C. jejuni from vegetable to wash water was 30.1 to 38.2%; from wash water to cucumber, it was 26.3 to 47.2%; from vegetables to cutting board, it was 1.6 to 10.3%; and from cutting board to cucumber, it was 22.6 to 73.3%. The data suggest the wash water and plastic cutting board as potential risk factors in C. jejuni transmission to consumers. Washing of the vegetables with tap water caused a 0.4-log reduction of C. jejuni attached to the vegetables (most probable number/gram), while rapid blanching reduced the number of C. jejuni organisms to an undetectable level.

Analytical and Experimental Study of Potential Heat Recovery From Household Refrigerators

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Todd
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery System ◽  
Recovery Potential

Opportunities for waste recovery exist in many types of industrial devices as summarized by Kreith and West [1]. However, no experimental data regarding the potential of heat recovery from household refrigerators have been published in open literature. The decision to implement a heat recovery option depends mostly on convenience and cost. In some cases, however, the decision is difficult because there is a lack of reliable information of the payback for a potential application. This article provides useful information for the design and payback of a waste heat recovery system on a household refrigerator. This paper presents experimental and analytical results of energy recovery potential from the heat rejected by the condenser coils of a household refrigerator. Using a small heat exchanger affixed to the condenser coils, the heat thus recovered can preheat domestic tap water. The analytical study considered three designs: A heat exchanger with the refrigerant condensing on the outside of water pipes, refrigerant on the inside of a counter-flow heat exchanger, and the refrigerant condensing inside a serpentine coil enclosed by a container filled with household tap water. Considering economic feasibility and manufacturing ease, the serpentine coil design was chosen. Experimental data confirmed the heat recovery possibility from the condenser coils. The serpentine coil design can achieve a payback time of 2 to 10 years dependent on whether the domestic hot water uses electric or gas heating.

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