scholarly journals A Human Centric Approach on the Analysis of the Smart City Concept: the case study of the Limassol city in Cyprus

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroula N. Alverti ◽  
Kyriakos Themistocleous ◽  
Phaedon C. Kyriakidis ◽  
Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
High Educational

Abstract. The impact of medium-sized southern European cities challenges on the “smartness” of the city is a quite interesting case that is not quite analyzed yet. Our scientific objective is to find a simple understandable model linking human smart characteristics to a group of socio-demographic and urban environment indices, applied to the case of Limassol Urban Complex, the southernmost European city, with a total population of 208 980. The data set of the analysis contains 25 variables in 3 thematic domains using as spatial analysis level, the 126 postal code areas of the most urbanized part of the city. The study results obtained through multivariate statistical analysis and thematic cartography using GIS technology. The results reveal that the human smart characteristics consist of the use of high-speed internet and broad band telephony, recycling activities, employment in creative industry, high educational attainment and open-mindedness (i.e. participation in EU elections), are significantly correlated with demographic dynamics and built infrastructure characteristics. Creativity and open-mindedness tend to appear in most densely urban areas, mostly occupied by indigenous inhabitants. Recycling and technology oriented smart characteristics are mostly correlated with no-native residents, and high educational attainment. In the outskirts of the city of Limassol the developing dynamics are almost the same with a greater blend between native and non-native inhabitants.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation and experimental research of cavitation nozzle based on equation curve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifu Wang ◽  
Dongyan Shi ◽  
Zhixun Yang ◽  
Guangliang Li ◽  
Chunlong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Outer Contour ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Abstract To further investigate and improve the cleaning ability of the cavitation nozzle, this paper proposes a new model that is based on the Helmholtz nozzle and with the quadratic equation curve as the outer contour of the cavitation chamber. First, the numerical simulation of the flow field in the nozzle chamber was conducted using FLUENT software to analyze and compare the impact of the curve parameters and Reynolds number on the cleaning effect. Next, the flow field was captured by a high-speed camera in order to study the cavitation cycle and evolution process. Then, experiments were performed to compare the cleaning effect of the new nozzle with that of the Helmholtz nozzle. The study results demonstrate that effective cavitation does not occur when the diameter of the cavitation chamber is too large. For the new nozzle, with the increase of the Reynolds number, the degree of cavitation in the chamber first increases and then decreases; the cleaning effect is much better than that of a traditional Helmholtz nozzle under the same conditions; the nozzle has the best cleaning effect for the stand-off distance of 300 mm.

scholarly journals Monitoring and characterization of vibration and shock conditions aboard high-performance marine craft

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1081
Author(s):  
Manudul Pahansen de Alwis ◽  
Karl Garme
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Impact Acceleration ◽  
The Impact

The stochastic environmental conditions together with craft design and operational characteristics make it difficult to predict the vibration environments aboard high-performance marine craft, particularly the risk of impact acceleration events and the shock component of the exposure often being associated with structural failure and human injuries. The different timescales and the magnitudes involved complicate the real-time analysis of vibration and shock conditions aboard these craft. The article introduces a new measure, severity index, indicating the risk of severe impact acceleration, and proposes a method for real-time feedback on the severity of impact exposure together with accumulated vibration exposure. The method analyzes the immediate 60 s of vibration exposure history and computes the severity of impact exposure as for the present state based on severity index. The severity index probes the characteristic of the present acceleration stochastic process, that is, the risk of an upcoming heavy impact, and serves as an alert to the crew. The accumulated vibration exposure, important for mapping and logging the crew exposure, is determined by the ISO 2631:1997 vibration dose value. The severity due to the impact and accumulated vibration exposure is communicated to the crew every second as a color-coded indicator: green, yellow and red, representing low, medium and high, based on defined impact and dose limits. The severity index and feedback method are developed and validated by a data set of 27 three-hour simulations of a planning craft in irregular waves and verified for its feasibility in real-world applications by full-scale acceleration data recorded aboard high-speed planing craft in operation.

Population differences in health-related quality of life between cancer survivors and controls: Does low educational attainment widen the gap?

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482090875
Author(s):  
Finn Breinholt Larsen ◽  
Jes Bak Sørensen ◽  
Claus Vinther Nielsen ◽  
Anne-Mette Hedeager Momsen ◽  
Karina Friis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
High Educational

Aims: This study aimed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among cancer survivors and controls in the Danish population, with special attention given to the impact of low educational attainment. Comparisons were made at population level and for subgroups stratified by education. Furthermore, comparisons were made for all cancer diagnoses combined and for the 14 most prevalent cancer sites and ‘other cancer sites’. Finally, the importance of time since initial diagnosis was examined. Methods: HRQOL was measured using the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 in a population-based survey. By linking data with the Danish Cancer Registry, 11,166 cancer survivors and 151,117 individuals with no history of cancer were identified. Results: HRQOL was reduced in cancer survivors for all cancers combined and most cancer sites. Differences were found at population level and stratified by educational attainment. PCS was reduced to a similar extent in the three educational groups, whereas MCS was reduced slightly more in the low than in the high educational attainment group. HRQOL increased with time since initial diagnosis during the first years. Conclusions: Cancer survivors had lower HRQOL than controls, and HRQOL was lower in the low than in the high educational attainment group. However, low educational attainment did not widen the gap in HRQOL following a cancer diagnosis. Despite this, the combined effect of low educational attainment and a cancer diagnosis markedly reduced HRQOL in some cancer survivors. The study identified groups of cancer survivors with low HRQOL who may have unmet rehabilitation needs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Soda Taxes: Pass-Through, Tax Avoidance, and Nutritional Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 002224372096940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Seiler ◽  
Anna Tuchman ◽  
Song Yao
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The authors analyze the impact of a tax on sweetened beverages using a unique data set of prices, quantities sold, and nutritional information across several thousand taxed and untaxed beverages for a large set of stores in Philadelphia and its surrounding area. The tax is passed through at an average rate of 97%, leading to a 34% price increase. Demand in the taxed area decreases by 46% in response to the tax. Cross-shopping to stores outside of Philadelphia offsets more than half of the reduction in sales in the city and decreases the net reduction in sales of taxed beverages to only 22%. There is no significant substitution to bottled water and modest substitution to untaxed natural juices. The authors show that tax avoidance through cross-shopping severely constrains revenue generation and nutritional improvement, thus making geographic coverage an important policy decision.

scholarly journals Inequalities in women’s mortality by education / Neenakosti v umrljivosti žensk po izobrazbi

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Mateja Rok Simon ◽  
Sonja Tomšič ◽  
Jožica Šelb Šemerl ◽  
Petra Nadrag ◽  
Barbara Mihevc Ponikvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Socioeconomic Gaps ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
High Educational

Abstract Background: Researchers have found that mortality is decreasing in all socioeconomic population groups but the relative differences in mortality between lower and higher social classes remain unchanged or have even increased. In Slovenia this has not yet been studied. Methods: The analysis included all women in Slovenia who died in the 2005-2010 period and were recorded in the Registry of deaths. Cause of death data was linked to data on the educational attainment of the deceased person, which was applied successfully in 98.8% of cases. The rate ratios (RR) for age-standardised death rates were calculated for women with a low and high educational attainment. Results: The calculated gap in life expectancy at age 30 between women with low and high educational attainment stood at 5.5 years. Women aged 0-84 with a low educational attainment had a statistically significant higher risk of death than women with a high educational attainment (RR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.57-1.73). Inequalities in premature mortality were even greater (1.78; 1.65-1.93). Educational inequalities in premature mortality were revealed in the majority of causes of death, e.g. cervical cancer (1.99; 1.22-3.67), lung cancer (1.70; 1.30-2.26), cardiovascular diseases (3.02; 2.41-3.91), causes directly attributable to alcohol (7.34; 4.96-12.27), motor vehicle accidents (2.23; 1.21-4.45) and suicide (1.68; 1.19-2.41). Conclusions: Significant socioeconomic gaps in women’s mortality in Slovenia obligate us to more systematic monitoring of health inequalities in the future. Further research is required in order to clarify specific reasons for the major gaps in mortality from specific causes of death.

scholarly journals The First Steps to Develop a Monitoring-Based Method to Support the Sustainable Mosquito Control in an Urban Environment in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5013
Author(s):  
Tibor Kiss ◽  
Csaba Leitol ◽  
Gergely Márovics ◽  
Tímea Zentai ◽  
Roland Baczur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In Europe, several exotic Aedes species, such as Aedes albopictus, Aedes eagypti, Aedes japonicas and Aedes koreicus, have become established. Mosquito-borne infection has also become a rising public health issue in Europe. This study aims to present the results of the first Hungarian systematic mosquito monitoring (SMM) operating in an urban environment in the city of Pécs. It also explains the implementation of a targeted mosquito control by the development of a mosquito map with the SMM approach, thus contributing to a reduction of the risks of mosquito-borne diseases. The mosquito trapping started in 2015, and the traps were Center for Disease Control (CDC) equipment. Based on the data of the SMM, an urban mosquito data set was developed. It consisted of the data of 441 trappings, and the data were statistically analyzed. The results show that three influencing factors impacted mosquito population: distance from running water, built-up density and average temperature had a causal impact on the average number of mosquitoes of an urban area. Each of these factors showed direct impact, and the impact intensified with the combination of the three factors. On that basis, it was made clear which areas of the city mosquito control activity should be focused. Areas of the city where interventions of lower intensity may be necessary compared to the intensity of the earlier mosquito control measures could also be determined. Compared to the previous practice, in which the entire city was involved in intensive mosquito control, now the intensive larviciding is advised to be applied in 42.1% of the total residential areas of the city. Thus, mosquito control of lower intensity could also be sufficient in the remaining 57.9% of the city area. This resource reallocation based on planning can boost the efficiency of the control and lead to a positive change towards sustainability regarding reduced pressure on the environment and reduced expenses of protection.

scholarly journals A national survey assessing public readiness for digital health strategies against COVID-19 within the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viknesh Sounderajah ◽  
Jonathan Clarke ◽  
Seema Yalamanchili ◽  
Amish Acharya ◽  
Sheraz R. Markar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Digital Exclusion ◽  
High Educational

AbstractThere is concern that digital public health initiatives used in the management of COVID-19 may marginalise certain population groups. There is an overlap between the demographics of groups at risk of digital exclusion (older, lower social grade, low educational attainment and ethnic minorities) and those who are vulnerable to poorer health outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. In this national survey study (n = 2040), we assessed how the UK population; particularly these overlapping groups, reported their preparedness for digital health strategies. We report, with respect to using digital information to make health decisions, that those over 60 are less comfortable (net comfort: 57%) than those between 18 and 39 (net comfort: 78%) and lower social grades are less comfortable (net comfort: 63%) than higher social grades (net comfort: 75%). With respect to a preference for digital over non-digital sources in seeking COVID-19 health information, those over 60 (net preference: 21%) are less inclined than those between 18 and 39 (net preference: 60%) and those of low educational attainment (net preference: 30%) are less inclined than those of high educational attainment (net preference: 52%). Lastly, with respect to distinguishing reliable digital COVID-19 information, lower social grades (net confidence: 55%) are less confident than higher social grades (net confidence: 68%) and those of low educational attainment (net confidence: 51%) are less confident than those of high educational attainment (net confidence: 71%). All reported differences are statistically significant (p < 0.01) following multivariate regression modelling. This study suggests that digital public health approaches to COVID-19 have the potential to marginalise groups who are concurrently at risk of digital exclusion and poor health outcomes from SARS-CoV-2.

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