scholarly journals Helicopter Landing Sites Identification depending on Slope, Landing Site Dimension and Shape

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eva Mertova ◽  
Martin Bures
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Helicopter Landing

Abstract. The identification of the Helicopter Landing Sites (HLS) needs complex analysis of the terrain considering a lot of aspects. One of the unconditional aspects in this case is the slope of ground, therefore the HLS identification depending on slope, landing site dimension and shape was conducted. This paper describes the development of the tool for the HLS identification depending only on the relief, but no other objects on the earth’s surface. At the end of the paper, the possible improvements of the tools are stated.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Method to Accelerate the Disaster Response Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyron Antoniou ◽  
Chryssy Potsiou
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Response Process ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
Soccer Fields

This paper presents an end-to-end methodology that can be used in the disaster response process. The core element of the proposed method is a deep learning process which enables a helicopter landing site analysis through the identification of soccer fields. The method trains a deep learning autoencoder with the help of volunteered geographic information and satellite images. The process is mostly automated, it was developed to be applied in a time- and resource-constrained environment and keeps the human factor in the loop in order to control the final decisions. We show that through this process the cognitive load (CL) for an expert image analyst will be reduced by 70%, while the process will successfully identify 85.6% of the potential landing sites. We conclude that the suggested methodology can be used as part of a disaster response process.

scholarly journals Method for Remote State Identification Snow-Ice Cover by the Ratio of Fresnel Reflection Coefficients

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V. G. Mashkov
Keyword(s):  
Landing Site ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The State ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Fresnel Reflection ◽  
State Identification ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Remote Identification

Introduction. Currently, the development of safe helicopter landing systems as the most complex and dangerous stage of a flight is one of the priority tasks. A significant number of companies in Russia and abroad are engaged in its solution. Landing on unprepared (unequipped) sites with snow-ice cover may be caused by the need to deliver units, cargo and ammunition in combat conditions, search and rescue operations, evacuations of victims, etc. A key factor for a landing decision is information about the height of snow and about the depth of ice cover. In the paper remote identification of the state of snow-ice cover, excluding the need to present any person (crew member or rescue worker) on a landing site is proposed.Aim. To develop a method for the remote identification of the state of snow-ice cover used to determine the possibility of a helicopter - type aircraft safe landing on a reservoir with snow-ice cover.Materials and methods. Numerical simulation of echo signals Fresnel reflection coefficients polarization ratio was realized in MatLab. Vertical and horizontal polarizations in the range from 25 to 45 degrees were simulated.Results. Intervals of polarization relations correspond to the interval density of snow-ice layers for fixed angles. For example, when θ = 34 for dry snow ρds = 100…500 kg/m3 (ε'ds = 1.162…1.984) – Prm = 5.6915...3.3266, dry firn ρdf = 500…700 kg/m3 (ε'df = 1.984…2.51) – Prm = 3.3266...2.8311, dry ice ρdi = 700…913 kg/m3 (ε'di = 2.51…3.179) – Prm = 2.8311...2.4753. A layer reconstruction inverse problem was solved by indirect determining of complex relative permittivity of each successive underlying layer with 10-2 real part resolution. The identity of the obtained characteristics of snow-ice layers with calculated (standard) values was established.Conclusion. Remote identification of components of a snow-ice cover structure allows one to automate the process of evaluating of landing possibility. Thereby it reduces a decision-making time and increases a level of safety. In contrast to the known methods of identification of the surface layer the identification of multilayer medium layers was carried out.

scholarly journals Lightweight Detection Method of Obfuscated Landing Sites Based on the AST Structure and Tokens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6116
Author(s):  
KyungHyun Han ◽  
Seong Oun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Inverse Document Frequency ◽  
Abstract Syntax Tree ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Document Frequency ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Landing Sites

Attackers use a variety of techniques to insert redirection JavaScript that leads a user to a malicious webpage, where a drive-by-download attack is executed. In particular, the redirection JavaScript in the landing site is obfuscated to avoid detection systems. In this paper, we propose a lightweight detection system based on static analysis to classify the obfuscation type and to promptly detect the obfuscated redirection JavaScript. The proposed model detects the obfuscated redirection JavaScript by converting the JavaScript into an abstract syntax tree (AST). Then, the structure and token information are extracted. Specifically, we propose a lightweight AST to identify the obfuscation type and the revised term frequency-inverse document frequency to efficiently detect the malicious redirection JavaScript. This approach enables rapid identification of the obfuscated redirection JavaScript and proactive blocking of the webpages that are used in drive-by-download attacks.

Luna-28 mission for polar samples return, as the key element of the initial stage of Russian Lunar Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Mitrofanov ◽  
Lev Zelenyi ◽  
Vladislav Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Landing Site ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
The Future ◽  
Robotic Missions

<p>The most interesting sites for future lunar outposts are thought to be located closely to poles, and South one is found to be more preferable.  But before humans could land there, the sequence of robotic missions should be implemented to study the natural environment at the selected sites, to deliver some supporting systems for ensuring conditions of habitability and also to test the innovated technology for Earth-Moon-Earth round trip.</p><p>Therefore, the Russian Lunar Program will be ignited by four robotic missions, which Russian Academy of Science has selected for the initial stage of this Program. Their names Luna-25 -28 were selected taking into account the name of the last Soviet lander Luna-24 of 1976. The objectives of these missions are critically important for accomplishment of the future polar expeditions of humans. The missions will conduct orbital mapping of polar regions with fine spatial resolution, measurements of radiation environment at the selected landing sites, testing of water and space volatiles in the polar regolith, and, in particular – testing presence of complex molecules and pre-biotic molecular complexes, the lunar dust and exosphere, etc. Mobile elements of landing missions will investigate local areas around the landing sites to determine the best spots for the future habitation modules of human missions. In addition, the researches for the basic science will also be accomplished by these missions, such as the experiments for lunar-based astronomy at long wavelengths and at gamma-rays, the experiments for lunar seismology, for monitoring of interplanetary plasma and solar wind, etc.</p><p>The talk presents in details the concept of the key mission of the first stage of the Lunar Program, the Luna-28 mission for lunar polar sample return. The mission concept is based on the several basic requirements. The mission should have the return module for direct flight from Moon to Earth. The module should be able to deliver to the Earth a set of samples of polar regolith with the total mass of about 2 kilograms. They should be quarried from different depths of the shallow subsurface from several cm down to 1 meter. Samples should be delivered to the Earth with all volatiles, including water, in the frozen state. Small moonrover “Lunokhod” with mass below 100 kg should be delivered to the Moon by the lander. Before the launch of the return module, the rover could deliver remotely selected stones for return at the nearest vicinity of the lander, after the launch, the rover should conduct scientific studies of the area around the landing site.</p><p>The mission of Luna-28 will also be supported by the ground segment for proper curation of delivered samples and for their studies in the leading domestic and international research centers. The complex molecules and organic molecular complexes will be the main objects for these studies.   </p>

Coins falling in water

2014 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Heisinger ◽  
Paul Newton ◽  
Eva Kanso
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Probability Density Functions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Ring Configuration ◽  
Chaotic Mode ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Steady Mode

AbstractWhen a coin falls in water, its trajectory is one of four types, determined by its dimensionless moment of inertia $I^\ast $ and Reynolds number $\text {Re}$: (A) steady; (B) fluttering; (C) chaotic; or (D) tumbling. The dynamics induced by the interaction of the water with the surface of the coin, however, makes the exact landing site difficult to predict a priori. Here, we describe a carefully designed experiment in which a coin is dropped repeatedly in water to determine the probability density functions (p.d.f.s) associated with the landing positions for each of the four trajectory types, all of which are radially symmetric about the centre drop-line. In the case of the steady mode, the p.d.f. is approximately Gaussian distributed with small variances, indicating that the coin is most likely to land at the centre, right below the point from which it is dropped. For the other falling modes, the centre is one of the least likely landing sites. Indeed, the p.d.f.s of the fluttering, chaotic and tumbling modes are characterized by a ‘dip’ around the centre. In the tumbling mode, the p.d.f. is a ring configuration about the centreline whereas in the chaotic mode, the p.d.f. is generally a broadband distribution spread out radially symmetrically about the centreline. For the steady and fluttering modes, the coin never flips, so the coin lands with the same side up as when it was dropped. The probability of heads or tails is close to 0.5 for the chaotic mode and, in the case of the tumbling mode, the probability of heads or tails is based on the height of the drop which determines whether the coin flips an even or odd number of times during descent.

scholarly journals Safe Helicopter Landing on Unprepared Terrain Using Onboard Interferometric Radar

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel E. Shimkin ◽  
Alexander I. Baskakov ◽  
Aleksey A. Komarov ◽  
Min-Ho Ka
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Interferometric Method ◽  
Potential Accuracy ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
Survey System ◽  
High Degree

This letter proposes a radar interferometric survey system for the ground surface of helicopter landing sites. This system generates high-quality three-dimensional terrain surface topography data and estimates the slope of the site with the required accuracy. This study presents the processing algorithms of the radar system for safe helicopter landing using an interferometric method and also demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed approach based on computer simulation results. The results of the calculated potential accuracy characteristics of such a system are presented, as well as one of the variants of the algorithmic implementation of a simulation computer model implemented on MATLAB. Visual results of modeling using an example of a helicopter landing on a non-uniform surface relief similar to a real case are shown. The study focuses on the simulation of a unique on-board radar system, which allows helicopters to land on an unprepared site with a high degree of safety, having previously determined the presence of dangerous irregularities, inclines, foreign objects, and mechanisms on the site.

scholarly journals PLC-Integrated Sensing Technology in Mountain Regions for Drone Landing Sites: Focusing on Software Technology

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Huh
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Very High

In the Republic of Korea, one of the most widely discussed subjects related to future logistics technology is the drone-based delivery (transportation) system. Much (around 75%) of Korea’s territory consists of mountainous areas; however, the costs of installing internet facilities for drone landing sites are very high compared to other countries. Therefore, this paper proposes the power-line communication (PLC) system introduced in the author’s previous study as an alternative solution. For the system design, a number of lightning rods are used together with a monitoring system. The system algorithm performs substantial data analysis. Also, as the author found that instantaneous high-voltage currents were a major cause of fire incidents, a three-phase three-wire connection was used for the installation of the lightning rods (Bipolar Conventional Air Terminal). Thus, based on the PLC technology, an artificial intelligence (AI) which avoids lightning strikes at the drone landing site by interworking with a closed-circuit television (CCTV) monitoring system when a drone flies over the mountain regions is proposed in this paper. The algorithm was implemented with C++ and Unity/C#, whereas the application for the part concerning the integrated sensing was developed with Java Android.

Requirements for helicopter landing sites in a concept of airborne primary rescue

Resuscitation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. S117
Author(s):  
Stefan Oppermann ◽  
Daniel Galitzien ◽  
Heinzpeter Moecke ◽  
Hartwig Marung
Keyword(s):  
Landing Sites ◽  
Helicopter Landing

scholarly journals KOREAN LUNAR LANDER – CONCEPT STUDY FOR LANDING-SITE SELECTION FOR LUNAR RESOURCE EXPLORATION

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong Ja Kim ◽  
Christian Wöhler ◽  
Gwang Hyeok Ju ◽  
Seung–Ryeol Lee ◽  
Alexis P. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
National Space ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Resource Exploration ◽  
Local Geology ◽  
Lunar Lander ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

As part of the national space promotion plan and presidential national agendas South Korea’s institutes and agencies under the auspices of the Ministry of Science, Information and Communication Technology and Future Planning (MSIP) are currently developing a lunar mission package expected to reach Moon in 2020. While the officially approved Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) is aimed at demonstrating technologies and monitoring the lunar environment from orbit, a lander – currently in pre-phase A – is being designed to explore the local geology with a particular focus on the detection and characterization of mineral resources. In addition to scientific and potential resource potentials, the selection of the landing-site will be partly constrained by engineering constraints imposed by payload and spacecraft layout. Given today’s accumulated volume and quality of available data returned from the Moon’s surface and from orbital observations, an identification of landing sites of potential interest and assessment of potential hazards can be more readily accomplished by generating synoptic snapshots through data integration. In order to achieve such a view on potential landing sites, higher level processing and derivation of data are required, which integrates their spatial context, with detailed topographic and geologic characterizations. We are currently assessing the possibility of using fuzzy c-means clustering algorithms as a way to perform (semi-) automated terrain characterizations of interest. This paper provides information and background on the national lunar lander program, reviews existing approaches – including methods and tools – for landing site analysis and hazard assessment, and discusses concepts to detect and investigate elemental abundances from orbit and the surface. This is achieved by making use of manual, semi-automated as well as fully-automated remote-sensing methods to demonstrate the applicability of analyses. By considering given boundary conditions, concrete procedures for determining potential landing sites of the Korean lunar lander could be proposed.

scholarly journals HEPARAN SULFATE: LANDING SITE FOR THE DENGUE VIRAL STRAINS TO GAIN ENTRY TO THE HOST CELLS

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
ABDUL GHAYUM PAPULZAI ◽  
NIKHIYA MANUEL JOHN ◽  
SUDHAKAR MALLA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Landing Sites

Humans usually contract dengue by being bitten by arthropods, and more than 3.6 billion people are at risk per year. Although studies are conducted to screen and trace out the possible pathophysiology of the virus, an adequate receptor-based study has not been completed. Understanding how the dengue virus (DV) engraves its landing sites requires identification of such cellular receptors. In many model studies, heparan sulfate (HS) has been reported to act as a DV receptor under various conditions. However, the physiological relevance of these findings remains uncertain. Therefore, it is still unclear whether HS is used by viral strains or not, and if at all used by clinical or non-cell culture-adapted strains of DV. The present review aims to identify relevant experimental evidences that confirm the possible interaction between envelope protein and HS chains. We collected data from a series of studies to conclude the interactive role.

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