scholarly journals Intercomparison of O<sub>2</sub> ∕ N<sub>2</sub> ratio scales among AIST, NIES, TU, and SIO based on a round-robin exercise using gravimetric standard mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 6181-6193
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Aoki ◽  
Shigeyuki Ishidoya ◽  
Yasunori Tohjima ◽  
Shinji Morimoto ◽  
Ralph F. Keeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Standard Uncertainty ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
National Metrology Institute ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ratio Scales

Abstract. A study was conducted to compare the δ(O2/N2) scales used by four laboratories engaged in atmospheric δ(O2/N2) measurements. These laboratories are the Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (EMRI/AIST); the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES); Tohoku University (TU); and Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Therefore, five high-precision standard mixtures for the O2 molar fraction gravimetrically prepared by the National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST (NMIJ/AIST) with a standard uncertainty of less than 5 per meg (0.001 ‰) were used as round-robin standard mixtures. EMRI/AIST, NIES, TU, and SIO reported the analyzed values of the standard mixtures on their own δ(O2/N2) scales, and the values were compared with the δ(O2/N2) values gravimetrically determined by NMIJ/AIST (the NMIJ/AIST scale). The δ(O2/N2) temporal drift in the five standard mixtures during the intercomparison experiment from May 2017 to March 2020 was corrected based on the δ(O2/N2) values analyzed before and after the laboratory measurements by EMRI/AIST. The scales are compared based on offsets in zero and span. The relative span offsets of EMRI/AIST, TU, NIES, and SIO scales against the NMIJ/AIST scale were -0.11%±0.10%, -0.10%±0.13%, 3.39 %±0.13 %, and 0.93 %±0.10 %, respectively. The largest offset corresponded to a 0.30 Pg yr−1 decrease and increase in global estimates for land biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes based on trends in atmospheric CO2 and δ(O2/N2). The deviations in the measured δ(O2/N2) values on the laboratory scales from the NMIJ/AIST scale are 65.8±2.2, 425.7±3.1, 404.5±3.0, and 596.4±2.4 per meg for EMRI/AIST, TU, NIES, and SIO, respectively. The difference between atmospheric δ(O2/N2) values observed at Hateruma Island (HAT; 24.05∘ N, 123.81∘ E), Japan, by EMRI/AIST and NIES were reduced from -329.3±6.9 to -6.6±6.8 per meg by converting their scales to the NMIJ/AIST scale.

scholarly journals Inter-comparison of O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> Ratio Scales Among AIST, NIES, TU, and SIO Based on Round-Robin Using Gravimetric Standard Mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Aoki ◽  
Shigeyuki Ishidoya ◽  
Yasunori Tohjima ◽  
Shinji Morimoto ◽  
Ralph F. Keeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Standard Uncertainty ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
National Metrology Institute ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ratio Scales

Abstract. A study was conducted to compare the δ(O2/N2) scales used by four laboratories engaged in atmospheric δ(O2/N2) measurements. These laboratories are the Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (EMRI/AIST), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tohoku University (TU), and Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Therefore, five high-precision standard mixtures for O2 molar fraction gravimetrically prepared by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), AIST (NMIJ/AIST) with a standard uncertainty of less than 5 per meg were used as round-robin standard mixtures. EMRI/AIST, NIES, TU, and SIO reported the analysed values of the standard mixtures on their own δ(O2/N2) scales, and the values were compared with the δ(O2/N2) values gravimetrically determined by NMIJ/AIST (the NMIJ/AIST scale). The δ(O2/N2) temporal drift in the five standard mixtures during the inter-comparison experiment was corrected based on the δ(O2/N2) values analysed before and after the experiments by EMRI/AIST. The scales are compared based on offsets in zero and span. The span offsets from the NMIJ/AIST scale ranged from −0.17 % to 3.3 %, corresponding with the difference of 0.29 Pg yr−1 in the estimates for land biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes. The zero offsets from the NMIJ/AIST scale are −581.0 ± 2.2, −221.4 ± 3.1, −243.0 ± 3.0, and −50.7 ± 2.4 per meg for EMRI/AIST, TU, NIES, and SIO, respectively. The atmospheric δ(O2/N2) values observed at Hateruma Island (HAT; 24.05° N, 123.81° E), Japan, by EMRI/AIST and NIES became comparable by converting their scales to the NMIJ/AIST scale.

scholarly journals Preparation of primary standard mixtures for atmospheric oxygen measurements with less than 1 µmol mol<sup>−1</sup> uncertainty for oxygen molar fractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2631-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Aoki ◽  
Shigeyuki Ishidoya ◽  
Nobuhiro Matsumoto ◽  
Takuro Watanabe ◽  
Takuya Shimosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Standard Uncertainty ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Oxygen Measurements

Abstract. Precise monitoring of changes in atmospheric O2 levels was implemented by preparing primary standard mixtures with less than 1 µmol mol−1 standard uncertainty for O2 molar fractions. In this study, these mixtures were crafted in 10 L high-pressure aluminium alloy cylinders using a gravimetric method in which unknown uncertainty factors were theoretically determined and subsequently reduced. Molar fractions of the constituents (CO2, Ar, O2, and N2) in the primary standard mixtures were mainly resolved using masses of the respective source gases (CO2, Ar, O2, and N2) that had been filled into the cylinders. To precisely determine the masses of the source gases, the difference in mass of the cylinder before and after filling the respective source gas was calculated by comparison with an almost identical reference cylinder. Although the masses of the cylinders filled with the source gas with respect to the reference cylinder tended to deviate in relation to temperature differences between the source-gas-filled cylinder and surrounding air, the degree of the deviation could be efficiently reduced by measuring the two cylinders at the exact same temperature. The standard uncertainty for the cylinder mass obtained in our weighing system was determined to be 0.82 mg. The standard uncertainties for the O2 molar fractions in the primary standard mixtures ranged from 0.7 to 0.8 µmol mol−1. Based on the primary standard mixtures, the annual average molar fractions of atmospheric O2 and Ar in 2015 at Hateruma island, Japan, were found to be 209339.1±1.1 and 9334.4±0.7 µmol mol−1, respectively. The molar fraction for atmospheric Ar was in agreement with previous reports.

Round-Robin Study of Asphalt-Concrete Content by Ignition

1996 ◽  
Vol 1543 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Brown ◽  
Stuart Mager
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Round Robin Test ◽  
Asphalt Cement ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
The Difference

The National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) has developed a test method to determine the asphalt content of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures by ignition. In the ignition method, an HMA sample is subjected to heat of 538°C (1,000°F) in a furnace to ignite and burn the asphalt cement (AC) from the aggregate. The difference in weight of the sample before and after is used to determine the asphalt content of the mixture. The aggregate recovered after ignition testing may then be used for gradation analysis. A round-robin study was completed by NCAT to determine the accuracy and precision of the ignition method. The round-robin test program is discussed, as well as the accuracy and precision values determined for the measured AC content and gradation using the ignition method. The results of the round-robin study indicate that the ignition method can measure the AC content of HMA mixtures with greater precision than solvent-extraction methods, without significantly affecting the gradation of the aggregate. This test method has shown excellent potential for replacing existing test methods for measuring asphalt content.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

Changes in Platelet Aggregability after Ovariectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1332-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Takeshi Motomiya ◽  
Minoru Sonoda ◽  
Noboru Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryChanges in platelets in 48 patients with uterine myoma before and after hysterectomy with and without ovariectomy were examined. Bilateral ovariectomy in 25 cases (ovariec-tomized group) and unilateral or non-ovariectomy in 23 cases (control group) were performed at the hysterectomy. Platelet count and an appearance rate of secondary aggregation decreased at one day after and increased at one week after the operation, similarly in both the ovariectomized and the control group. The appearance rate of secondary aggregation was reflected in an intensity of aggregation at 5 min after the addition of reagent to PRP. At one month after the operation, the appearance rate of secondary aggregation induced by 3 μM ADP showed a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the preoperation value (P <0.05) and the enhancement of 5-min aggregation was still observed in the control group, while ceased in the ovariectomized group. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was almost no change in the speed and intensity of primary and secondary aggregation during the observation period. No significant differences in collagen-induced aggregation were noted between the two groups. The results suggest that ovarian hormones, mainly estrogen, facilitate platelet activation which is mediated by the so-called secondary aggregation.

PENGARUH TERAPI TERTAWA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI UPT PANTI WREDHA BUDHI DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Setyaningrum ◽  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Fachruddin Tri Fitrianta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases, because this disease is suffered byboth men and women, as well as adults and young people. Treatment of hypertension does not onlyrely on medications from the doctor or regulate diet alone, but it is also important to make our bodyalways relaxed. Laughter can help to control blood pressure by reducing endocrine stress andcreating a relaxed condition to deal with relaxation.Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy ondecreasing elderly blood pressure in UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta.Methods: The design used in this study is a pre-experimental design study with one group pre-posttestresearch design where there is no control group (comparison). The population in this study wereelderly aged over> 60 years at 55 UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The method oftaking in this study uses total sampling. The sample in this study were 55 elderly. Data analysis wasused to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after laughing therapy with a ratio datascale that was using Pairs T-TestResult: There is an effect of laughing therapy on blood pressure in the elderly at UPT Panti WredhaBudhi Dharma Yogyakarta marked with a significant value of 0.000 (P <0.05)

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

Automatic Tread Gaging Machine

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Automatic Machine ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Handling Device ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Straight Lines

Abstract An automatic tread gaging machine has been developed. It consists of three component systems: (1) a laser gaging head, (2) a tire handling device, and (3) a computer that controls the movement of the tire handling machine, processes the data, and computes the least-squares straight line from which a wear rate may be estimated. Experimental tests show that the machine has good repeatability. In comparisons with measurements obtained by a hand gage, the automatic machine gives smaller average groove depths. The difference before and after a period of wear for both methods of measurement are the same. Wear rates estimated from the slopes of straight lines fitted to both sets of data are not significantly different.

The Degree of Subjective Complaints of Students Practice in Mechanical Technology Laboratories

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
I Ketut Widana
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

The working practice of the engineering students is part of the learning process that is irreducible and indispensable. The composition of  lecturing between theoretical and practical one is 40% to 60%. With this condition, the students spend more time at the laboratory. Generally, the students perform in the laboratory work by standing position. The design of research is observational cross-sectional. The method applied is observation, interview and measuring. The subjects of research are practicing students amounting to 21 students. Referring to the analysis of statistical test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the difference of effect of work position is significant, namely p < 0.05 towards musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and after working. The quantity of the average complaint after working is score 44.62 ± 9.47. The result of Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is significant different effects of standing work position, namely p < 0.05 towards fatigue generally before and after working. The degree of the working pulse is on the average of 110.78  ± 17.80 bpm (beats per minutes) which can be categorized into the medium workload. Using paired t-test, the result is p < 0.05.

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