scholarly journals Modeling calcification periods of <i>Cytheridella ilosvayi</i> from Florida based on isotopic signatures and hydrological data

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 4927-4947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Meyer ◽  
Claudia Wrozyna ◽  
Albrecht Leis ◽  
Werner E. Piller
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Local Fluctuations ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Abstract. The isotopic signatures of ostracod shells are the result of the temperature and composition of their host water and the phenology and ecology of the target species. Investigations addressing the influence of site-specific environmental variations on the isotopic ranges of ostracod shells are still rare but can provide important information on habitat-dependent variations and may signify a seasonally restricted timing of calcification periods. Here we present isotopic signatures (δ18Oostr, δ13Costr) of living Cytheridella ilosvayi (Ostracoda) and physical, chemical, and isotopic (δD, δ18Owater, δ13CDIC) compositions of 14 freshwater habitats (rivers, lakes, canals, marshes, sinkholes) in South Florida from winter 2013 and summer 2014. We also present instrumental data of river temperatures and δ18O of precipitation (δ18Oprec) from this region. The physicochemical and isotopic compositions of the selected sites characterize the different habitats and show the influence of the source water, biological activity, and duration of exposure to the surface. Mean δ18Oostr and δ13Costr signatures of C. ilosvayi shells correlate well with the isotopic composition of their host waters. Within-sample variabilities in repeated isotopic measurements of single ostracod shells reflect habitat-dependent ranges. The similarly high range of ostracod δ18O in rivers and one marsh sample indicates that both temperature and δ18Oprec are responsible for their variation in the whole study area. Rivers and canals, which are predominantly influenced by the input and mixing of inorganic carbon from the catchment, show smaller δ13Costr ranges than the marsh dominated by local fluctuations in biological activities. Based on these observations, background data of water temperatures and δ18Oprec were used to calculate monthly δ18O variations in a theoretical calcite formed in rivers in Florida assuming a direct reaction on precipitation changes. The calculated values showed a high variation coupled with low mean values during the summer wet season, while during the winter dry season the variation remains small and mean values increased. Inferred configurations were used to approximate possible calcification periods of C. ilosvayi. For a plausible calcification period, mean values and ranges of δ18Oostr had to be equal to the theoretical calcite with a slight positive offset (vital effect). The applied model suggests a seasonal calcification period of C. ilosvayi in early spring that is probably coupled to the hydrologic cycle of Florida.

scholarly journals Also tropical freshwater ostracods show a seasonal life cycle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Meyer ◽  
Claudia Wrozyna ◽  
Albrecht Leis ◽  
Werner Piller
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Isotopic Compositions

Abstract. Isotopic signatures of ostracod shells became common proxies for the reconstruction of paleo-environmental conditions. Their isotopic composition is the result of the composition of their host water and the phenology and ecology of the target species. The sum of spatial and temporal variations from environmental factors in the species habitat defines the maximum isotopic variation of a population during the time of their shell formation. Here we present isotopic signatures (δ18O, δ13C) of living Cytheridella ilosvayi (Ostracoda) and chemical and isotopic compositions of 14 simultaneously sampled freshwater habitats in South Florida and instrumental data of the region. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the selected sites characterize the different habitats and show the influence of the source water, biological activity and the duration of exposure to the surface. Isotopic signatures of C. ilosvayi shells correlate well with the isotopic composition of their host waters. Within-sample variability of repeated isotopic measurements of ostracod shells reflect habitat dependent ranges and indicate temperature and the δ18O composition of precipitation (δ18Oprec) as regional environmental factors responsible for the population variation. Instrumental data of water temperature and δ18Oprec were used to calculate the monthly variation of a theoretical calcite in rivers of Florida showing distinct seasonal variations in values and ranges. Different configurations of the theoretical calcite were compared to the within-sample variability to identify possible calcification periods of C. ilosvayi. For a plausible calcification period the ostracod isotopic range has to correlate with mean values of the theoretical calcite with a slight positive offset (vital effect) and the extension of the theoretical calcite range. The tested model suggests a seasonal calcification period of C. ilosvayi in early spring. The surprising seasonality of a tropical ostracod life cycle is probably coupled to the hydrologic cycle of Florida. The results of this study contribute to the application of ostracod isotopes in modern calibration studies and their potential use in paleontology.

scholarly journals Seasonality of Mansonia titillans during dam construction, Biritiba-Mirim, São Paulo State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Alves D'Avila ◽  
Almério de Castro Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Test

A two and a half year survey was conducted at a dam in southeastern Brazil. Shannon Traps were used for sampling. Kruskal-Wallis test showed little relation between rainfall and abundance. The data clearly show three abundance peaks, all of them in the end of the dry season, in consonance with the scarce literature existent. Although Kruskal-Wallis Test did not find a clear preference for the dry season, Pairwise Wilcoxon Rank Test revealed a significant difference between Fall and Spring samples. Ma. titillans population had a peak on late winter/early spring, close to the begin of wet season.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc in Snow from Near Dye 3 in South Greenland

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.W. Wolff ◽  
David A. Peel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Crustal Component ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Gasoline Additive ◽  
Spring Maximum

Clean sampling and analysis procedures have been used to measure the concentrations of Al and four heavy metals in snow representing one year’s accumulation (1983-84) near Dye 3 in Greenland. Mean values were Al 17.5ng g−1, Cd 0.74 pg g−1, Cu 6.2 pg g−1, Pb 28 pg g−1 and Zn 27 pg g−1. Concentrations of the heavy metals are lower than previously reported at other Greenland sites for snowfall during the last 20 years. A distinct late-winter / early-spring maximum is seen for Al, Cu, Pb and Zn, in accord with other workers’ measurements of various species in the atmospheric aerosol in the Arctic. Cu appears to have a large crustal component, but Cd, Pb and Zn probably originate mainly from pollution. One explanation for the lower Pb values may be the considerable reduction in North American and European usage of Pb as a petrol (gasoline) additive during the last decade. These limited data emphasize the importance of obtaining a reliable century-long record of these metals in Greenland ice.

Occurrence and persistence of non-native Cichlasoma urophthalmus (family Cichlidae) in estuarine habitats of south-west Florida (USA): environmental controls and movement patterns

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Adams ◽  
R. Kirby Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Cichlid Species ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
The Family ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Cichlasoma Urophthalmus ◽  
Mayan Cichlid

The geographic scope of species introductions has increased dramatically in the last 200 years. One of the greatest challenges to understanding the ecological consequences of non-native species is that it has been difficult to identify the attributes that allow them to become established outside their native range. This challenge is compounded by anthropogenic habitat alteration that often enhances the establishment and expansion of non-native species. Fishes in the family Cichlidae are notoriously adaptive, and contribute more non-native species to North America than any other fish family. This is especially true in Florida (USA), where 18 cichlid species have become established. The Mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) was first documented in south Florida in 1983, and is present in many freshwater and estuarine habitats. This study reports a northward range expansion by C. urophthalmus, demonstrates the connectivity between altered freshwater habitats and tidal estuarine habitats, and suggests that the estuarine populations are ephemeral and dependent upon colonisation from populations in altered freshwater habitats.

A survey of fat characteristics of lamb with particular reference to the soft fat condition in intensively fed lambs

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. L'Estrange ◽  
T. A. Mulvihill
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group A ◽  
Perinephric Fat

SUMMARYTwo surveys, involving 288 lambs, were carried out on the effects of system of production on the melting (slip) point, iodine value, and fatty acid composition of perinephric and subcutaneous carcass fat. The systems studied were:A, early Spring lambs fattened indoors on concentrates;B, early Spring lambs off grass;C, early Summer lambs off grass;D, Autumn lambs off grass, andE, Winter hoggets.The melting point of both perinephric and subcutaneous fat increased progressively during the season from mean values of 41 and 32°C respectively in group A to mean values of 48 and 42°C respectively in group E. Discolouration of the surface fat was associated with the low melting points of group A.Mean iodine values of both fats decreased progressively from group A to group E and this change was associated with a decrease in levels of oleic and palmitoleic acid and a corresponding increase in the level of stearic acid. In the fat, levels of myristic acid were highest in grass fed lambs while levels of linoleic acid were highest in the concentrate-fed lambs.Within each group, perinephric fat contained more stearic and less oleic, palmitoleic, palmitic and myristic acid than subcutaneous fat.Within animals, the levels between perinephric and subcutaneous fat of melting point, iodine value and most of the individual fatty acids were highly correlated.Within animals also, the melting point of perinephric fat was correlated in decreasing order of significance with stearic acid, oleic acid, iodine value, linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid, while melting point of subcutaneous fat was correlated in decreasing order of significance with stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, iodine value, linoleic acid and total branched-chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals Effects of Effluents on the Quality of River Rido, Kaduna- State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Louis Buggu ◽  
Funmilayo Yusufu - Alfa ◽  
Abigail Abenu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Effluent Discharge

This study examines the effect of discharged effluents on the quality of river Rido in Kaduna. Ten water samples were collected and tested for Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn). The results revealed that in  the dry season,  six heavy metals, namely As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn, presented mean values that were  higher  after the point of effluent discharge; while Cr, Fe and Pb  had lower values and Hg was not detected. In the wet season all the heavy metals tested, except Hg, increased in values after the point of effluent discharge. The values of As, Cd,  Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb after the discharge point, in dry and wet seasons, were greater than the maximum tolerable limits set by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organisation (WHO).  The values recorded for Zn and Cu at both dry and wet seasons were below the limit set by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), but the value of Cr was lower than the maximum tolerable limit only in the dry season.  The contamination of the river with heavy metals poses a grave danger to human health, as its water is used for diverse purposes. The wastewater treatment plant of KRPC should be rehabilitated and the wastewater can be pre-treated before it is discharged into the river.

scholarly journals Impacts Assessment of Coastal Activities on Water Quality of Upper Segment of Qua Iboe River, Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1222
Author(s):  
U.E. Jonah ◽  
E.S. Iwok ◽  
H.E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference

A study was carried out at the supper segment of Qua Iboe River from November, 2018 to August, 2019 in four sampling stations to assess the  impacts of coastal activities on water quality. Water samples were collected monthly and analyzed using standard procedures of Associations of Official Analytical Chemist and American Public Health Association. The stations comparisons and location of significant differences were carriedout using ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, while paired sample t-test were employed to compare the seasonal difference. The mean ranged values of water temperature were (25.03 – 25.330C), pH (5.8 –6.6 mg/l), DO(3.11 - 5.45 mg/l), TDS (18.63 – 32.53mg/l), EC  (8.33-13.16􀀁s/cm), Turbidity (7.61 – 18.32 NTU), TSS (90.80 - 165.63 mg/L), NO3 -1(33.02 – 78.33mg/l), P04 3-(4.44 – 7.39mg/l), Cl-(43.60 – 63.21mg/l), COD(35.96 – 113.05mg/l), NH3(0.33 – 0.62 mg/l). Mean values of TSS, EC, TSS, NO3, PO4 3-, NH3 and turbidity were higher in wet season, while water temperature, pH, DO, Cl- and COD values obtained were higher in dry season. Spatial variations in parameters were ascribed to levels of  anthropogenic activities and wastes discharged within the stations; the seasonal variations were emanated from influx of wastes, and dilution as result of surface run-offs during wet season. Based on the findings, the WQI values were poor for human consumption; especially from station 2 to4.These calls for urgent attention by Federal / State Ministry Health and Environment regards to its effects on human health and consistent water quality monitoring should be put into consideration. Keywords: Impact, Assessment, Coastal activities, Water Quality, Qua Iboe River Keywords: Impact, Assessment, Coastal activities, Water Quality, Qua Iboe River

Biological Activities and Optimal Conditions for Making Khlu Tea

2020 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Udomdeja Polyium ◽  
Nopporn Sakulyunyongsuk
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
The Difference

This research aims to study the biological activities of Khlu (Pluchea indica (L) Less) for the development of herbal tea. The leaves of Khlu were analyzed, including proximal composition using the AOAC method, antioxidant by DPPH radical scavenging assay, and total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu's method. The sensory quality assessment of Khlu tea with randomized complete block design (RCBD). The mean was analyzed for the variance of ANOVA and analyzed for the difference of mean values using LSD method. The results showed that the fresh and dried leaves of methanol extract were showed the optimal of the DPPH values and the highest of total phenolic content. The optimal condition for the process of making Khlu tea was the temperature at 70 °C for 7 hours. The scores of sensory evaluation in terms of appearance, color, aroma, flavor (astringent) and overall were 7.37 ± 1.22, 7.23 ± 1.16, 6.97 ± 1.30, 7.00 ± 1.14 and 7.63 ± 1.10, respectively. These represent the potential of food crops for food sustainable use of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Snowdrop (Galanthus spp., Family Amaryllidaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Kei Kong ◽  
Liang Ee Low ◽  
Wei Sheng Siew ◽  
Wei-Hsum Yap ◽  
Kooi-Yeong Khaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Commercial Interest

Snowdrop is an iconic early spring flowering plant of the genus Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae). Galanthus species (Galanthus spp.) are economically important plants as ornaments. Galanthus spp has gained significance scientific and commercial interest due to the discovery of Galanthamine as symptomatic treatment drug for Alzhiermer disease. This review aims to discuss the bioactivities of Galanthus spp including anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer potential of the extracts and chemical constituents of Galanthus spp. This review highlights that Galanthus spp. as the exciting sources for drug discovery and nutraceutical development.

scholarly journals Seasonal dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for two sub-tropical estuaries in south Florida, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 6721-6736 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Buzzelli ◽  
Y. Wan ◽  
P. H. Doering ◽  
J. N. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
South Florida ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Annual Variations

Abstract. Interactions among geomorphology, circulation, and biogeochemical cycling determine estuary responses to external nutrient loading. In order to better manage watershed nutrient inputs, the goal of this study was to develop seasonal dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) budgets for the two estuaries in south Florida, the Caloosahatchee River estuary (CRE) and the St. Lucie Estuary (SLE), from 2002 to 2008. The Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) approach was used to generate water, salt, and DIN and DIP budgets. Results suggested that internal DIN production increases with increased DIN loading to the CRE in the wet season. There were hydrodynamic effects as water column concentrations and ecosystem nutrient processing stabilized in both estuaries as flushing time increased to >10 d. The CRE demonstrated heterotrophy (net ecosystem metabolism or NEM < 0.0) across all wet and dry season budgets. While the SLE was sensitive to DIN loading, system autotrophy (NEM > 0.0) increased significantly with external DIP loading. This included DIP consumption and a bloom of a cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) following hurricane-induced discharge to the SLE in 2005. Additionally, while denitrification provided a microbially-mediated N loss pathway for the CRE, this potential was not evident for the SLE where N2 fixation was favored. Disparities between total and inorganic loading ratios suggested that the role of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) should be assessed for both estuaries. Nutrient budgets indicated that net internal production or consumption of DIN and DIP fluctuated with inter- and intra-annual variations in freshwater inflow, hydrodynamic flushing, and primary production. The results of this study should be included in watershed management plans in order to maintain favorable conditions of external loading relative to internal material cycling in both dry and wet seasons.

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