High-rate GNSS positioning for tracing anthropogenic seismic activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Kudłacik ◽  
Jan Kapłon ◽  
Grzegorz Lizurek ◽  
Mattia Crespi ◽  
Grzegorz Kurpiński
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Seismological Data ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Mining Tremors ◽  
Natural Earthquakes ◽  
First Time

<p>High-rate GNSS observations are usually related to earthquake analysis and structural monitoring. The sampling frequency is in the range of 1-100 Hz and observations are processed in the kinematic mode. Most of the research on short-term dynamic deformations is limited to natural earthquakes with magnitudes exceeding 5 and amplitudes of at least several centimetres up to even meters. The high frequency GNSS stations positions monitoring is particularly important on mining areas due to the mining damages. On the underground mining areas the seismic tremors are regular and there are several hundreds of events annually of magnitude over 2 with maximum magnitudes of 4. As mining tremors are shallow and very frequent, they cause mining damages on infrastructure.</p><p>Here, we presented the application of GNSS-seismology to the analysis of anthropogenic seismic activity, where the event magnitude and amplitude of displacements significantly lower. We examined the capacity to detect mining tremors with high-rate GPS observations and demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge that even subcentimeter ground vibrations caused by anthropogenic activity can be measured this way with a very good agreement with seismological data. One of the most-felt mining shocks in Poland in recent years occurred on January 29, 2019 (12:53:44 UTC) M3.7 event in the area of Legnica-Głogów Copper District and was successfully registered by high-rate GNSS stations co-located with seismic stations. In this mining tremor the peak ground displacements reached 2-16  mm and show the Pearson’s correlation value in range of 0.61 to 0.94 for band-pass filtered horizontal displacements.</p>

scholarly journals Seismic activity in Denmark: detection level and recent felt earthquakes

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Trine Dahl-Jensen ◽  
Peter H. Voss ◽  
Tine B. Larsen ◽  
Søren Gregersen
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zone ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Seismological Data ◽  
Natural Earthquakes

The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) records seismological data at six locations in Denmark (Fig. 1) and all data from these stations are manually reviewed for events like earthquakes and explosions. The identified events are analysed and located, in many cases using supporting data from stations outside Denmark. Seismic events have been recorded instrumentally in Denmark since 1929, but earthquakes felt in Denmark have been reported as far back as 1515 (Lehmann 1956; Gregersen et al. 1998; GEUS 2012). This article reports on the developments in detection level of both man-made events and natural earthquakes within the Danish Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) from 2000 to 2012. Changes in detection level are mainly due to the availability of data from new seismic stations in Sweden and Norway as well as from a GEUS test station at Gøttrup in NW Jylland. As a case study, the list of events on and around Bornholm is reviewed. Also described here are the reported intensities at two recent felt events in Denmark (North Sea magnitude 4.3 on 19 February 2010 and Kattegat magnitude 4.1 on 6 August 2012).

scholarly journals First Report of blaNDM-1 Bearing IncX3 Plasmid in Clinically Isolated ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Gaojian Zhang ◽  
Tayyab Rehman ◽  
Jianxion Han ◽  
Sabir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Molecular Type ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Sequence Types

The New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is among the most threatening forms of carbapenemases produced by K. pneumoniae, well-known to cause severe worldwide infections. The molecular epidemiology of blaNDM-1-harboring K. pneumoniae is not well elucidated in Pakistan. Herein, we aim to determine the antibiotics-resistance profile, genes type, molecular type, and plasmid analysis of 125 clinically isolated K. pneumoniae strains from urine samples during July 2018 to January 2019 in Pakistan. A total of 34 (27.2%) K. pneumoniae isolates were carbapenemases producers, and 23 (18.4%) harbored the blaNDM-1 gene. The other carbapenemases encoding genes, i.e., blaIMP-1 (7.2%), blaVIM-1 (3.2%), and blaOXA-48 (2.4%) were also detected. The Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) results revealed that all blaNDM-1-harboring isolates were ST11. The other sequence types detected were ST1, ST37, and ST105. The cluster analysis of Xbal Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed variation amongst the clusters of the identical sequence type isolates. The blaNDM-1 gene in all of the isolates was located on a 45-kb IncX3 plasmid, successfully transconjugated. For the first time, blaNDM-1-bearing IncX3 plasmids were identified from Pakistan, and this might be a new primary vehicle for disseminating blaNDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae as it has a high rate of transferability.

scholarly journals Monitoring long-term changes of glacial seismic activity with continuous seismological observations: a case study from Spitsbergen

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gajek ◽  
J. Trojanowski ◽  
M. Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Seismic Station ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Algorithm ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Seismological Data

Abstract. Changes in the global temperature balance have proved to have a major impact on the cryosphere and therefore retreating glaciers are the symbol of the warming climate. Long-term measurements of geophysical parameters provide the insight into the dynamics of those processes over many years. Here we explore the possibility of using data recorded by permanent seismological stations to monitor glacial seismic activity. Our study focuses on year-to-year changes in seismicity of the Hansbreen glacier (southern Spitsbergen). We have processed 7-year-long continuous seismological data recorded by a broadband station located in the fjord of Hornsund, obtaining seismicity distribution between 2008 and 2014. To distinguish between glacier- and non-glacier-origin events with the data from only one seismic station in the area, we developed a new fuzzy logic algorithm based on the seismic signal frequency and the energy flow analysis. Our research has revealed that the number of detected glacier-origin events over the last two years has doubled. We also observed that the annual events distribution correlates well with the temperature and precipitation data. In order to further support our observations, we have analysed 5-year-long seismological data recorded by a broadband station located in Ny-Ålesund (western Spitsbergen). Distribution of glacier-origin tremors detected in the vicinity of the Kronebreen glacier shows a steady increase from year to year, however not as significant as for the Hornsund dataset.

scholarly journals Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
O D Damulak ◽  
E D Jatau ◽  
E Ekam ◽  
E Rumji ◽  
R Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Blood Transfusion Service ◽  
First Time

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.

scholarly journals Assesment Work Fatigue To Workers In Environment Underground Mining Areas Based On Fatigue Assesment Scale Questionnaires

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Siti Rachmawati ◽  
Miftaqul Aktsari ◽  
Anis Suryaningsih ◽  
Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin ◽  
Iwan Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Descriptive Method

Fatigue is recognized as a high potential risk for accidents and therefore an assessment of work fatigue is required. The purpose of this study is to describe the overall work fatigue assessment and based on work fatigue factors using questionnaires for the fatigue rating scale for workers in underground mining areas. This study used a descriptive method to describe the overall assessment of work fatigue and assessment of work fatigue based on factors related to fatigue using questionnaire scale fatigue assessment of workers in underground mining areas at PT. Y. Overall fatigue assessment based on fatigue evaluation questionnaire results obtained 54.55% of workers who experience fatigue. Fatigue assessment based on factors related to work fatigue shows that workers who tend to experience fatigue are> 45 years of age, <7 hours of sleep,> 5 years of work, 12 hours of work, supervisor type II / jumbo operator drill, jumbo drill operator, LHD operator, and service crew / helper jumbo drill, work climate> NAB (> 29.00 C) and noise> NAB (> 85 dB A). Underground mining workers tend to experience fatigue. The older the worker's age, the less sleep time, the longer the work period, the longer work time, the heavier the type of work, the hotter the working climate and the noisier it tends to experience fatigue.

Vaccination Against COVID-19: Emerging Issues and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-660
Author(s):  
Gennadiy G. Onischenko ◽  
Tatiana E. Sizikova ◽  
Vitaliy N. Lebedev ◽  
Sergey V. Borisevich
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Actual Duration ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
First Time

The most effective means of combating the COVID-19 pandemic s the formation of herd immunity, with the formation of an immune population to infection. Vaccination rates are continuously increasing. In early February 2021, WHO announced that the number of people vaccinated against the disease for the first time exceeded the number of infected. In early June 2021 the vaccinated number exceeded 2 billion which is more than 12 times the total number infected for the entire duration of the pandemic. The high rate of vaccination leads to the formulation of a number of questions concerning the effectiveness of vaccines currently used for mass immunization the level of herd immunity, necessary to stop the spread of the disease, the actual duration of the vaccination carried out, long-term prospects of the platforms, used in the creation of vaccines. The purpose of this paper is to substantiate reasoned answers to the questions posed.

Regulatory Approaches Leading to Holistic Implementation in a Fishing Vessel Fleet Less than 20 M in Length

2017 ◽  
Vol 159 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Núñez Sánchez ◽  
L Pérez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Fishing is a very dangerous sea activity with a high rate of fatalities that is difficult to deal with by Maritime and Fisheries Administrations around the world. Meanwhile the Ocean Governance requires a global approach to sustainability and safety, with overarching principles governing both of them. This paper deals for the first time with the implementation of a complete methodology to assess the safety at sea, by means of a bottom-up goal based standards with safety level approach, encompassing the national regulations and using formal safety assessment as the driver in a fishing vessel fleet below 24 m in length (L). It is concluded that such methodologies are applicable, goal based regulations can be established, flexibility in the design can be provided and have the potential to be later extrapolated to holistic approaches.

scholarly journals Decreasing Mining Losses for the Room and Pillar Method by Replacing the Inter-Room Pillars by the Construction of Wooden Cribs Filled with Waste Rocks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Skrzypkowski
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Waste Rocks ◽  
Rock Pillars ◽  
First Time ◽  
Numerical Program ◽  
Vertical Deformations ◽  
Maximal Capacity

The article presents methods of securing mining excavations using wooden cribs. For the underground room and pillar method used to excavate zinc and lead ore body in the Olkusz-Pomorzany mine in Poland, model tests for the replacement of rock pillars by wooden cribs are presented. In the first stage of research, the results of laboratory strength tests carried out on models of four-point, six-point and eight-point cribs made of wooden beech beams at a 1:28 scale arranged horizontally were determined. For the first time, a concave round notch connection was used to connect the beams of the wooden cribs. The maximal capacity of cribs consisting only of beams and filled with waste rocks taken from underground mining excavations was determined. In addition, the vertical deformations of the cribs at maximal loading force and their specific deformations are presented. Additionally, on the basis of load-displacement characteristics, the range in variability of the stiffness of empty cribs and those filled with waste rocks was calculated as a function of their compressibility. In the second stage of research, the room and pillar method was designed in the Phase2 numerical program. The aim of the study was to determine the stresses in the inter-room pillars. Based on the results of laboratory and numerical tests, a factor of safety was determined, indicating that it is possible to reduce mining losses while maintaining the safe exploitation conditions of the ore body.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL MODELLING FOR UNDERGROUND MINING RELATED GEOTECHNICAL ISSUES

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
L. Florkowska
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Mathematical And Numerical Modeling

Abstract Issues presented in this work relate to geotechnical problems that are specific to the mining areas. The paper discusses the methodology of mathematical and numerical modeling of these problems. Examples contained in the paper include: predicting the influence of mining exploitation on a detached building and evaluating the effectiveness of the building protection with the trench. Possible applications of numerical modeling as a tool to aid the continuous monitoring of the building state during the exploitation have also been discussed

Tracking the Land Use/Land Cover Change in an Area with Underground Mining and Reforestation via Continuous Landsat Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Mi ◽  
Yongjun Yang ◽  
Shaoliang Zhang ◽  
Shi An ◽  
Huping Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Random Forest Classifier ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Mining Areas

Understanding the changes in a land use/land cover (LULC) is important for environmental assessment and land management. However, tracking the dynamic of LULC has proved difficult, especially in large-scale underground mining areas with extensive LULC heterogeneity and a history of multiple disturbances. Additional research related to the methods in this field is still needed. In this study, we tracked the LULC change in the Nanjiao mining area, Shanxi Province, China between 1987 and 2017 via random forest classifier and continuous Landsat imagery, where years of underground mining and reforestation projects have occurred. We applied a Savitzky–Golay filter and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based approach to detect the temporal and spatial change, respectively. The accuracy assessment shows that the random forest classifier has a good performance in this heterogeneous area, with an accuracy ranging from 81.92% to 86.6%, which is also higher than that via support vector machine (SVM), neural network (NN), and maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm. LULC classification results reveal that cultivated forest in the mining area increased significantly after 2004, while the spatial extent of natural forest, buildings, and farmland decreased significantly after 2007. The areas where vegetation was significantly reduced were mainly because of the transformation from natural forest and shrubs into grasslands and bare lands, respectively, whereas the areas with an obvious increase in NDVI were mainly because of the conversion from grasslands and buildings into cultivated forest, especially when villages were abandoned after mining subsidence. A partial correlation analysis demonstrated that the extent of LULC change was significantly related to coal production and reforestation, which indicated the effects of underground mining and reforestation projects on LULC changes. This study suggests that continuous Landsat classification via random forest classifier could be effective in monitoring the long-term dynamics of LULC changes, and provide crucial information and data for the understanding of the driving forces of LULC change, environmental impact assessment, and ecological protection planning in large-scale mining areas.

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