Mathematical Modeling of Sorption on Novel Sorbent Materials 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adna Koš ◽  
Michal Kuráž
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Error Functions ◽  
Linear Sorption ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Sorbent Materials

<p>The emission of metal ions in the environment has increased in recent times and since metal ions are not biodegradable, they belong to the cumulative toxins. Contamination of the environment with metal ions poses a serious danger to the entire ecosystem, agricultural production, quality of food and water, as well as to the health of humans and animals. This study investigates sorption as one of the processes which can be used for pollutants removal and efficiency of certain sorbent materials. Specifically, we focus on development and validation of non-linear Langmuir model and non-linear Freundlich model. Their application in sorption experiments is examined by applying different error functions and statistical methods which are employed to calculate the error divergence between observed data and predicted data of sorbate-sorbent system. Presented non-linear sorption models are developed by using programming language Fortran, and the data analysis is obtained by using different tools and packages in programming language R. Many authors are using linear sorption models in the way that they would linearize non-linear sorption models. It is evident that linear sorption models are used due to their simplicity in parameters estimation. We use approach of trying different algorithms and tools in programming language R in order to find the best objective function. This study shows that both non-linear Langmuir model and non-linear Freundlich model can be used for experimental data representation. The results also denote that better estimation and the better fit is given by Langmuir model due to divergence in error functions and graphical representation itself. The choice of sorption model has a great influence on the prediction of solute transfer and great care should be taken in selection of convenient approach.</p>

REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL Cr (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), Pb (II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY MENTHA PIPERITA EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ersin Yucel ◽  
Mine Yucel
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Peppermint Extract ◽  
The Stability

In this study, the usage of the peppermint (Mentha piperita) for extracting the metal ions [Mg (II), Cr (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), Pb (II)] that exist at water was investigated. In order to analyze the stability properties, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were used at removing the metal ions and the highest correlation coefficients (R2) were obtained at Langmuir isotherm. Therefore, it is seen that the Langmuir model is more proper than the Freundlich model. However, it was found that the correlation coefficients of removing Ni and Cd is higher at Freundlich model than Langmuir and low at Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. It is established that the biosorption amount increase depends on the increase of biosorbent and it can be achieved high efficiency (95%) even with small amount (0.6 mg, peppermint extract) at lead ions. It is also determined that the peppermint extracted that is used at this study shows high biosorption capacity for metal ions and can be used for immobilization of metals from polluted areas.

scholarly journals Equilibrium Studies for Removal of Cadmium (II) Ions Removal from Water Using Activated Carbon Derived from Macadamia Intergrifolia Nutshell Waste Powder

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Amos Kamau ◽  
George Thiong’o ◽  
Beatrice Kakoi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Favorable Reaction

Heavy metals have continued to be of great concern in research as major pollutants of water. Adsorption using low cost adsorbent is a low cost method of the removal heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. In this study activated carbon derived from macadamia intergrifolia nutshell powder was considered as an alternative low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. Various physicochemical parameters which included sorbent mass, and initial metal ions concentration isotherms using sorption models were determined. Results from the experiment indicated the optimum values for sorbent mass as 0.3 grams, and initial metal ions concentration as 8mg/l. Adsorption isotherms were found to fit well in Langmuir model (R2=0.9935), Javanovic model (R2 =0.9857) and Freundlich model (R2=0.9911). Additionally, for Langmuir model the value of separation factor (KL) was in the range of 0 to 1 indicating a favorable reaction. For Jovanovic model adsorption energy was found to be 1.00334 l/mg thus an indication of binding vibrations during Cd(II) ions adsorption.  FTIR spectrum revealed that the presence of O-H at νmax 3389 cm-1, COO- at νmax 2367 cm-1, C=0 at νmax 1593 cm-1,  C-O at νmax 1344 cm-1, P-O at νmax 1206 cm-1 and POO-H at νmax 1110cm-1 functional group in activated carbon enhanced Cd(II) ions removal.  The study revealed that activated carbon derived from macadamia intergrifolia nutshell can be used to remove Cd(II) ions from water. 

scholarly journals WASTE FROM THE PROCESSING OF MELONS AND GOURDS AS REAGENTS FOR REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-147
Author(s):  
I.G. Shaikhiev ◽  
S.V. Sverguzova ◽  
K.I. Shaikhieva ◽  
A.V. Svyatchenko ◽  
N.A. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Process Kinetics ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The literature data on the use of biomass and waste from the processing of melons (pumpkin, watermelon, melon, cucumber) as sorption materials for various pollutants removing from aquatic environments are summarized. It was determined that dried shells of melons and gourds are effective sorption materials for the extraction of heavy metal ions and dyes. The seeds of large fruits of melons (pumpkin, watermelon, melon), as well as their shells, also showed good sorption performance for heavy metal ions and dyes. It was revealed that most of the isotherms of the adsorption of pollutants on the processing of melons and gourds waste are most accurately described by the Langmuir model, less often by the Freundlich model, singularly by the Temkin or Dubinin-Radushkevich models. It is determined that the process kinetics in all cases follows the pseudo-second order model. To increase the adsorption characteristics of the components of melons and gourds for various pollutants, the materials were modified with various chemical reagents.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Removal and Recovery of Metal Ions and Dyes from Wastewater through Montmorillonite Clay Mineral

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Parisi ◽  
Giuseppe Lazzara ◽  
Marcello Merli ◽  
Stefana Milioto ◽  
Francesco Princivalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Montmorillonite Nanoclay

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Montmorillonite nanoclay (Mt), readily and inexpensively available, for the simultaneous adsorption (and removal) of two classes of pollutants: metal ions and dyes. The attention was focused on two “model” pollutants: Ce(III) and crystal violet (CV). The choice is due to the fact that they are widespread in wastewaters of various origins. These characteristics, together with their effect on human health, make them ideal for studies on water remediation. Moreover, when separated from wastewater, they can be recycled individually in industrial production with no or simple treatment. Clay/pollutant hybrids were prepared under different pH conditions and characterized through the construction of the adsorption isotherms and powder X-ray diffraction. The adsorption behavior of the two contaminants was revealed to be significantly different: the Langmuir model reproduces the adsorption isotherm of Ce(III) better, thus indicating that the clay offers a unique adsorption site to the metal ions, while the Freundlich model proved to be the most reliable for the uptake of CV which implies heterogeneity of adsorption sites. Moreover, metal ions do not adsorb at all under acidic conditions, whereas the dye is able to adsorb under all the investigated conditions. The possibility to modulate the adsorption features by simply changing the pH conditions was successfully employed to develop an efficient protocol for the removal and separation of the different components from aqueous solutions mimicking wastewaters.

Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption Studies of a Graphene Oxide/Polyacrylic Acid Nanocomposite Hydrogel

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Makarim A. Mahdi ◽  
Aymen A.R. Jawad ◽  
Aseel M. Aljeboree ◽  
Layth S. Jasim ◽  
Ayad F. Alkaim
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Dye Sorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The AAc/GO nanocomposite hydrogel was successfully employed as a polymeric Nano sorbent of the removal efficiency of M G dye from the model. The complication of the mechanism of the adsorption system was completely exposed by examining how solution pH affects adsorption, Ionic strength isotherm models, kinetic models, and thermodynamics. The adsorption of the MG dye was greatly dependent on the solution pH. The Freundlich model has been demonstrated to be the most accurate in describing the MG dye sorption, whilst the Langmuir model was shown to be the least accurate. Additionally, these integrated mechanisms fit nicely within the framework of a pseudo-second-order model. Additionally, the contact time at equilibrium short (ten minutes) required to MG removes demonstrates the AAc/GO nanocomposite hydrogel can be considered an efficient and potentially useful adsorbent for MG removal from industrial effluents.

scholarly journals Bach Adsorption Study for the Extraction of Silver Ions by Hydrazone Compounds from Aqueous Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdussalam Salhin Mohamad Ali ◽  
Norfarhah Abdul Razak ◽  
Ismail Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Sorbent materials based on a hydrazone Schiff base compound, C14H11BrN4O4, were prepared either by immobilizing the ligand into sol-gel (SG1) or bonding to silica (SG2). The sorbent materials were characterized by FT-IR, EDX, SEM, TEM, and TGA. The sorption characteristics of a matrix of eight transition metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+) using batch method were studied. Several key parameters that affected the extraction efficiency such as pH, contact time, metal ions concentration, and gel size (for SGl) were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the physically immobilized hydrazone sorbent (SG1) exhibits highest selectivity towards Ag+ions, while the chemically bonded hydrazone sorbent (SG2) exhibits high extraction for all metal ions tested. However, for practical applications such as the removal and preconcentration of Ag+, the physically immobilized sorbent (SG1) is preferred.

scholarly journals A study of adsorption isotherms for the removal of herbicide Atlantis WG from aqueous solutions by using Bentonite clay

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research involves studying adsorption to removal herbicide Atlantis WG from aqueous solutions by bentonite clay. The equilibrium concentration have been determined spectra photometry by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The experimental equilibrium sorption data were analyzed by two widely, Langmuir and Freundlish isotherm models. The Langmuir model gave a better fit than Freundlich model The adsorption amount of (Atlantis WG) increased when the temperature and pH decreased. The thermodynamic parameters like ?G, ?H, and ?S have been calculated from the effect of temperature on adsorption process, is exothermic. The kinetic of adsorption process was studied depending on Lagergren ,Morris ? Weber and Rauschenberg equations.

Chitosan Cellulose Acetate Microspheres Preparation for Enhancement of Water-soluble Dye Adsorption

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2855-2858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yun Zhou ◽  
Dong Ju Zhou ◽  
Chen Jie Fan ◽  
Xi Guang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Adsorption Of Water ◽  
Size Interval

Chitosan/cellulose acetate multimicrospheres (CCAM) were prepared by the method of W/O/W emulsion with no toxic reagents and had the size interval of 200--280µm. It was investigated as an ideal alternative to enhancement the adsorption of water-soluble dyes from wastewater. The correlation coefficients of adsorption isotherm showed that the Freundlich model was comparable to the Langmuir model. The 1/n was lower than 1.0, indicating that malachite green was favorably adsorbed by CCAM. Furthermore, the amount of malachite green absorbed steeply increased with increasing time and reached plateau values within 2 h and increased with increasing of initial concentration of malachite green from 5 to 25 mg/g.

scholarly journals Estimation and Removal of Chromium Ions from Tannery Wastes Using Zeolite-3A

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajira Tahir ◽  
M. Saleem ◽  
M. Afzal ◽  
H. Ahmad ◽  
S.T. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chromium Ions ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
Isotherm Equations

The concentration of potentially toxic chromium metal ions in sediments and liquid waste samples from selected tanneries was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with nitric acid. The data obtained revealed the presence of elevated levels of chromium metal ions in waste samples relative to the NEQS (National Environmental Quality Standards) require-ments. A new process entitled IERECHROM (Ion Exchange REmoval of CHROMium) has been developed for the removal and separation of chromium ions from sediments using zeolite-3A. The factors affecting chromium ion removal include exchanger concentration, pH, shaking time and temperature. The applicability of the Freundlich. Dubinin–Radushkevich and virial isotherm equations to the system has been examined. The thermodynamic parameters °LH0, °LG0 and °LS0 were calculated using the virial isotherm expression. The results suggest that natural aluminosilicates such as zeolite-3A can be utilised as low-cost ion-exchange and sorbent materials because of their selectivities for the removal of chromium ions and various other heavy metals.

IMPROVED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR NON-LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM WITH BARRIER METHOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Raju Prajapati ◽  
Om Prakash Dubey ◽  
Randhir Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Lagrangian Multipliers ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Programming Problems

The Non-Linear Programming Problems (NLPP) are computationally hard to solve as compared to the Linear Programming Problems (LPP). To solve NLPP, the available methods are Lagrangian Multipliers, Sub gradient method, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, Penalty and Barrier method etc. In this paper, we are applying Barrier method to convert the NLPP with equality constraint to an NLPP without constraint. We use the improved version of famous Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to obtain the solution of NLPP without constraint. SCILAB programming language is used to evaluate the solution on sample problems. The results of sample problems are compared on Improved PSO and general PSO.

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