The Geodiversity of Brazil: quantification, distribution, and implications for conservation areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Silva ◽  
Jurandyr Ross ◽  
Grace Alves ◽  
Fábio de Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Antonio Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Relief Elements ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Broad Variation ◽  
Wildlife Refuges ◽  
Orogenic Belts ◽  
Very High

<p>Research related to the assessment of Geodiversity is highly relevant both at the international and national levels, especially in the last 20 years. These researches aim at valuing abiotic aspects as inseparable components of natural heritage and, thus, as well as Biodiversity, must be understood and valued through the ordering of their use and Geoconservation. Geodiversity studies are developed on the basis of several approaches, from the broadest ones, which contemplate the measurement of abiotic elements in a full way, to those that assess Geoheritage through the values ​​of Geodiversity. The present research follows the broader approach of the evaluation and analysis of the entire Geodiversity, applying the measurement of abiotic elements without their valuation, with the purpose of the spatialization of areas with greater and lesser density of the selected elements related in this research to lithology, relief and soil. For this purpose, bases produced by systematic surveys of national research institutions such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM) were used. As a result, the mapping of the subindexes was obtained pointing from the division into 5 classes, the areas that present greater and lesser diversity of each element, as well as the synthesis map for the indexes of Geodiversity elements in Brazil, considering the three elements selected for this mapping. A spatial analysis was also carried out between the Geodiversity Index Map and the Brazilian Conservation Units, as well as the areas where Geopark Projects are being developed. The majority of the Brazilian territory presents low Geodiversity index (32%), followed by medium (28%), very low (17%), high (15%) and very high (8%). The higher indexes are found in ancient Orogenic Belts, associated with Crystalline Basement that shows broad variation of rocks, in some cases linked with soil and relief elements. Areas of medium diversity are concentrated in Cratons and Sedimentary Basins borders, and low diversity areas are found in the central regions of large Sedimentary Basins, as well as in the Pantanal Floodplain. The Conservation Units present the following percentage of Geodiversity index: very high: 12%; high:10%; medium 16%; low: 23%; very low 22%. The analysis was done taking into account the categories of Conservation Units as well, and the higher indexes were found in Natural Monuments and Wildlife Refuges (38 and 43% respectively). 8 geopark projects have predominance of very high and high Geodiversity indexes; 7 presents medium index and only one amongst the 16 presents predominance of low index. No geopark project has very low index predominant in territory. The analysis of the spatialization of the indexes was carried out from a descriptive and genetic perspective, aiming at clarifying the causes of the distribution of the abiotic elements in the Brazilian territory, being able to provide subindexes for studies in the scope of environmental services, nature and territory conservation planning.</p>

scholarly journals Disentangling Species Delineation and Guiding Conservation of Endangered Magnolias in Veracruz, Mexico

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Fabián Augusto Aldaba Aldaba Núñez ◽  
Emily Veltjen ◽  
Esteban Manuel Martínez Martínez Salas ◽  
Marie-Stéphanie Samain
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Very High

The Mexican state of Veracruz has suffered very high deforestation rates in the last few decades, and despite the establishment of protected areas and conservation projects, primary forest is now mainly persisting in mostly small, scattered, fragmented remnants. New species of Magnolia section Talauma in this state have been described with little to no reference to the already existing ones, potentially resulting in over-splitting, obscuring their taxonomic delineation and conservation status, and consequently conservation programs. To study the conservation units and their genetic diversity, we here employ 15 microsatellite markers on a highly representative sampling of 254 individuals of what are presumed to be five Magnolia species. The results support at least three species and maximum five main conservation units. We propose downgrading the latter to four, given morphological, ecological, demographical, and geographical considerations. Two out of the three sympatrically occurring species in the rainforest in the Los Tuxtlas volcanic area have weak genetic evidence to be considered separate species. Similarly, the individuals in the Sierra de Zongolica in central Veracruz, who bear a very high morphological and genetic similarity to Magnolia mexicana, have weak genetic evidence to be recognised as a separate species. Nonetheless, the individuals could be identified as Magnolia decastroi based on morphology, and further research including the full range of this species is recommended.

scholarly journals Abundance and composition of the medium to large-sized mammals in a private area of a REDD+ project in Acre, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Moura Botelho ◽  
Luiz Henrique Medeiros Borges ◽  
Brian McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris

Abstract: The implementation of private areas focused on conservation of species and habitats, combined with REDD+ policies, has become an important ally for biodiversity conservation, expanding the conservation areas of the most varied habitats, covering key groups such as large mammals, which are extremely important for the maintenance of ecosystem services. In the upper region of the Purus River in Acre, Brazil, an inventory was carried out using camera-traps, of medium and large mammals community in a private REDD+ area, known as the Purus Project. A total of 19 species of mammals were recorded with an effort of 1859 trap-nigths, including rare, endangered and key species. It is estimated that the richness for the area is of 22 species. Endangered and rare species such as the tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and the short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis) presented high rates of relative abundance compared to other Conservation Units (UCs). The richness of medium to large-sized mammals recorded in the Purus Project underscores the importance of REDD+ in private areas for the conservation of this group, given the challenges for inclusion and creation of new protected areas. REDD+ projects in privates' areas become an important component for conservation of species and the connection between public conservation units favoring the spread of species and populations between areas, and consequently the gene flow.

scholarly journals Origin, diversity and distribution of freshwater epigean amphipods in Maghreb

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaoula Ayati ◽  
Ramzi Hadjab ◽  
Hichem Khammar ◽  
Sonia Dhaouadi ◽  
Christophe Piscart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
General Lack ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Amphipods ◽  
Freshwater Fauna ◽  
Very High

Northern Africa, although one of the world hotpots of biodiversity, is poorly studied and the freshwater fauna living in this part of the world remains partly unknown. This study focused on the diversity and distribution of the poorly known epigean freshwater amphipods. We performed an exhaustive analysis of the literature on this group of crustaceans and sampled 106 additional localities from the eastern part of Algeria and in Tunisia. Our results showed an important diversity with 25 species (including the presence of at least three new undescribed species) and a very high rate of endemism with 52% of species occurring at on only 1 or 2 sites. We also highlighted a very low diversity on each site with only 4.4% of sites harboring more than 1 species. The comparative distribution of certain species between Europe and Maghreb and also between the western and eastern part of Northern Africa allow us to discuss some hypotheses about the factors underlying this endemism and the biogeographical origin of species. However, our study revealed a general lack of knowledge in the region, especially in the South of Morocco and Algeria. Hence, more information would be needed to propose adapted conservation strategies of freshwater fauna in Maghreb.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman JenisTumbuhan Paku (Pteridophyta) di Jalur Pendakian Selo Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu, Jawa Tengah

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Fitri Kusuma Astuti ◽  
M Murningsih ◽  
J Jumari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Very High

Indonesia has a very high biodiversity, as well as ferns (Pteridophyta).Selo climbing lane at Merbabu Montain Nasional Park selected as the study site because of the many ferns that were founded in this area.The purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity of ferns species.in tropical rain forest ecosystem of high mountains and sub-alpine forests ecosystem on Selo climbing lane at Merbabu Mount National Park. There are many human activity in Selo climbing lanesupposed to influence the existing plants. This research was held on August-December 2016. The method usedinventory inSelo climbing lane and Plot, then analyzed using diversity index. The results found 33 species of ferns from 15 families. The diversity of ferns in the tropical rain forest ecosystem of high mountains fall into the medium category except at post II (2412 masl) has low diversity. Diversity in the sub-alpine forest ecosystem can not be calculated. Key word: diversity, fern, Selo climbing lane

scholarly journals Kajian Biomorphic Architecture dalam Perancangan Oceanarium Pekanbaru

Arsitektura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Nurul Asyifa ◽  
Yohannes Firzal ◽  
Gun Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Water Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Form System ◽  
Very High

<p><em>Pekanbaru is a city that is growing rapidly and becomes one of the cities that is frequently visited. But the tourist attraction by the city of Pekanbaru are still lacking. Besides that in the geographical triangle, the water region in Riau Province is bigger than the land area, so the water region in Riau Province has a very high potential. But education about marine life and conservation areas that support biota protection in Riau province is still very least. Therefore, we need a public facility that is equipped with recreational, educational, and conservational needs. To actualize these public facilities, then will be designed an Oceanarium in Pekanbaru City. Oceanarium is a reservoir in a giant aquarium for the conservation of plants and marine biota that serves as a means of education, research, preservation, marine development, and exhibited as a means of recreation. The theme of the Oceanarium in Pekanbaru is Biomorphic Architecture. Biomorphic Architecture is part of architectural design that proposes all ideas taken from organic life, by form, system, or movement. Through the concept of Ocean Life Dynamics, the characteristics of building functions can be made as recreational facilities, conservation, and education about life under the sea.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Systematic Conservation Planning for Intraspecific Genetic Diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Paz-Vinas ◽  
Géraldine Loot ◽  
Virgilio Hermoso ◽  
Charlotte Veyssiere ◽  
Nicolas Poulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Systematic Conservation Planning ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Priority Areas

AbstractIntraspecific diversity informs the demographic and evolutionary histories of populations, and should be a main conservation target. Although approaches exist for identifying relevant biological conservation units, attempts to identify priority conservation areas for intraspecific diversity are scarce, especially within a multi-specific framework. We used neutral molecular data on six European freshwater fish species (Squalius cephalus, Phoxinus phoxinus, Barbatula barbatula, Gobio occitaniae, Leuciscus burdigalensis and Parachondrostoma toxostoma) sampled at the riverscape scale (i.e. the Garonne-Dordogne River basin, France) to determine hot- and cold-spots of genetic diversity, and to identify priority conservation areas using a systematic conservation planning approach. We demonstrate that systematic conservation planning is efficient for identifying priority areas representing a predefined part of the total genetic diversity of a whole landscape. With the exception of private allelic richness, classical genetic diversity indices (allelic richness, genetic uniqueness) were poor predictors for identifying priority areas. Moreover, we identified weak surrogacies among conservation solutions found for each species, implying that conservation solutions are highly species-specific. Nonetheless, we showed that priority areas identified using intraspecific genetic data from multiple species provide more effective conservation solutions than areas identified for single species or on the basis of traditional taxonomic criteria.

scholarly journals Foot Patrols Enhance Conservation Efforts in Threatened Forest Reserves of Coastal Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291987263
Author(s):  
Sery Gonedelé Bi ◽  
Eloi Anderson Bitty ◽  
Alphonse K. Yao ◽  
William Scott McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Illegal Activity ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Wildlife Refuges

The Dassioko Sud and Port Gauthier Forest Reserves are important wildlife refuges in southern Côte d’Ivoire, harboring several endangered mammalian taxa. Between July 2012 and June 2016, foot patrols were conducted in these reserves by teams consisting of local villagers, Société de Développement des Forêts employees, law enforcement personnel, and the authors. The purpose of the patrols was to help curb poaching and illegal farming/logging and to collect information on wildlife. Over the length of the patrol period, both reserves experienced significant declines in illegal activities, including prior to the 2014 EBOLA outbreak. Both reserves continue to be pressured by persons living in surrounding villages; however, our results demonstrate that foot patrols involving local personnel can lead to significant declines in illegal activity inside such conservation areas.

scholarly journals Systematic conservation planning for intraspecific genetic diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1877) ◽  
pp. 20172746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Paz-Vinas ◽  
Géraldine Loot ◽  
Virgilio Hermoso ◽  
Charlotte Veyssière ◽  
Nicolas Poulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Systematic Conservation Planning ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Priority Areas

Intraspecific diversity informs the demographic and evolutionary histories of populations, and should be a main conservation target. Although approaches exist for identifying relevant biological conservation units, attempts to identify priority conservation areas for intraspecific diversity are scarce, especially within a multi-specific framework. We used neutral molecular data on six European freshwater fish species (Squalius cephalus,Phoxinus phoxinus, Barbatula barbatula,Gobio occitaniae,Leuciscus burdigalensisandParachondrostoma toxostoma) sampled at the riverscape scale (i.e. the Garonne-Dordogne river basin, France) to determine hot- and coldspots of genetic diversity, and to identify priority conservation areas using a systematic conservation planning approach. We demonstrate that systematic conservation planning is efficient for identifying priority areas representing a predefined part of the total genetic diversity of a whole landscape. With the exception of private allelic richness (PA), classical genetic diversity indices (allelic richness, genetic uniqueness) were poor predictors for identifying priority areas. Moreover, we identified weak surrogacies among conservation solutions found for each species, implying that conservation solutions are highly species-specific. Nonetheless, we showed that priority areas identified using intraspecific genetic data from multiple species provide more effective conservation solutions than areas identified for single species or on the basis of traditional taxonomic criteria.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF THE FORMATION OF OROGENS AND SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF ASIA IN THE MESOZOIC-CENOZOIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Buslov ◽  
Anna V. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Active Margin ◽  
Mountain Systems ◽  
Orogenic Belts ◽  
Relationship Of

The stages of the formation of mountain systems (orogens) and sedimentary basins of Asia are highlighted and an analogy is given. The stages are manifested in the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic as a result of collisions to the southern active margin of the Asian continent, respectively, of the Quingtang, North China, and Indian continental blocks, which led to the formation of large intracontinental orogenic belts that are the source of sedimentary basin demolition.

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