Monitoring of veterinary pharmaceuticals in the Bienne river (Jura Mountain, France)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Dhivert ◽  
Bertrand Devillers ◽  
Maha Al Badany ◽  
Leslie Mondamert ◽  
Jérôme Labanowski
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Veterinary Pharmaceuticals ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Jura Mountain

<p>The Bienne river (Jura Mountain, France) drains a basin of medium altitude mountains characterized by extensive cattle breeding (mostly dairy cows). A monitoring of the contamination by veterinary pharmaceuticals was performed using passive sampling devices - POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers), between September 2019 and January 2020. Four hydrological conditions were analysed: a sever low-flow periods, two flood events and a winter situation close to the mean interannual flow. Each time, POCIS were exposed over 2 weeks at 2 stations located in the upper and downstream reaches of the river. 19 pharmaceuticals were selected from information given by local veterinarians and analysed by LC MS-MS: endo and ectoparasites treatments; antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The monitoring shows that most of these chemicals (12 substances) are quantified in all POCIS samples and the others show relatively high occurrences, between 25 and 88%. Average concentrations in water (calculated with the sampling rate i.e. considering the time of exposition of POCIS samplers in the river) are remarkably close between the 2 monitoring stations. Concentrations are high all over the studied period and reach a maximum during flood events. Thus, hazardous effects are expected on freshwater organisms, especially for macrocyclic lactones and pyrethroids and organophosphates pesticides. The antibiotics concentrations ranges can also disturb microbial communities existing in the river. Such results highlight an important impregnation by these pharmaceuticals at the catchment scale, involving diffuse sources as grasslands receiving contaminated cow dungs and manures. Veterinary compounds are strongly remobilized during rain episodes by run off and infiltration in soils. In the hydrogeological context of the Bienne basin, karstic flows emphasize the connectivity between grasslands and the river. Therefore, an important part of the contaminated leaching waters can rapidly reach the river via the soil drains and surface / subsurface flows. Rather than another part goes through less porosity pathways and delivers pollutants over a longer period. Wastewater discharges and sludges from rural and urban treatment plants can also contribute to this pollution for pharmaceuticals also used in human medications.</p>

scholarly journals Soil microbial inoculation during flood events shapes headwater stream microbial communities and diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Caillon ◽  
Katharina Besemer ◽  
Peter Peduzzi ◽  
Jakob Schelker
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Inoculation

AbstractFlood events are now recognized as potentially important occasions for the transfer of soil microbes to stream ecosystems. Yet, little is known about these “dynamic pulses of microbial life” for stream bacterial community composition (BCC) and diversity. In this study, we explored the potential alteration of stream BCC by soil inoculation during high flow events in six pre-alpine first order streams and the larger Oberer Seebach. During 1 year, we compared variations of BCC in soil water, stream water and in benthic biofilms at different flow conditions (low to intermediate flows versus high flow). Bacterial diversity was lowest in biofilms, followed by soils and highest in headwater streams and the Oberer Seebach. In headwater streams, bacterial diversity was significantly higher during high flow, as compared to low flow (Shannon diversity: 7.6 versus 7.9 at low versus high flow, respectively, p < 0.001). Approximately 70% of the bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from streams and stream biofilms were the same as in soil water, while in the latter one third of the OTUs were specific to high flow conditions. These soil high-flow OTUs were also found in streams and biofilms at other times of the year. These results demonstrate the relevance of floods in generating short and reoccurring inoculation events for flowing waters. Moreover, they show that soil microbial inoculation during high flow enhances microbial diversity and shapes fluvial BCC even during low flow. Hence, soil microbial inoculation during floods could act as a previously overlooked driver of microbial diversity in headwater streams.

Understanding land use and cover change impacts on run-off and sediment load at flood events on the Loess Plateau, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Lin ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Land Use And Cover

scholarly journals Sampling Rate of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS): Influence Factors and Calibration Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyang Wang ◽  
Ruixia Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Liu ◽  
Hongjie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Calibration Methods

As a passive sampling device, the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) has the characteristics of simple operation, safety, and reliability for assessing the occurrence and risk of persistent and emerging trace organic pollutants. The POCIS, allowing for the determination of time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of polar organic chemicals, exhibits good application prospects in aquatic environments. Before deploying the device in water, the sampling rate (Rs), which is a key parameter for characterizing pollutant enrichment, should be determined and calibrated accurately. However, the Rs values strongly depend on experimental hydrodynamic conditions. This paper provides an overview of the current situation of the POCIS for environmental monitoring of organic pollutants in an aquatic system. The principle and theory of the POCIS are outlined. In particular, the effect factors such as the ambient conditions, pollutant properties, and device features on the Rs are analyzed in detail from aspects of impact dependence and mechanisms. The calibration methods of the Rs under laboratory and in situ conditions are summarized. This review offers supplementary information on comprehensive understanding of mechanism and application of the POCIS. Nevertheless, the Rs were impacted by a combined effect of solute–sorbent–membrane–solution, and the influence extent of each variable was still unclear. On this basis, the ongoing challenges are proposed for the future application of the POCIS in the actual environment, for instance, the need for this device to be improved in terms of quantitative methods for more accurate measurement of the Rs.

scholarly journals Extending the Predictability of Hydrometeorological Flood Events Using Radar Rainfall Nowcasting

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique R. Vivoni ◽  
Dara Entekhabi ◽  
Rafael L. Bras ◽  
Valeriy Y. Ivanov ◽  
Matthew P. Van Horne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Forecast Lead Time

Abstract The predictability of hydrometeorological flood events is investigated through the combined use of radar nowcasting and distributed hydrologic modeling. Nowcasting of radar-derived rainfall fields can extend the lead time for issuing flood and flash flood forecasts based on a physically based hydrologic model that explicitly accounts for spatial variations in topography, surface characteristics, and meteorological forcing. Through comparisons to discharge observations at multiple gauges (at the basin outlet and interior points), flood predictability is assessed as a function of forecast lead time, catchment scale, and rainfall spatial variability in a simulated real-time operation. The forecast experiments are carried out at temporal and spatial scales relevant for operational hydrologic forecasting. Two modes for temporal coupling of the radar nowcasting and distributed hydrologic models (interpolation and extended-lead forecasting) are proposed and evaluated for flood events within a set of nested basins in Oklahoma. Comparisons of the radar-based forecasts to persistence show the advantages of utilizing radar nowcasting for predicting near-future rainfall during flood event evolution.

scholarly journals Temperature dependence on the pesticide sampling rate of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2069-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Yabuki ◽  
Takashi Nagai ◽  
Keiya Inao ◽  
Junko Ono ◽  
Nobuyuki Aiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Organic Chemical

scholarly journals Understanding the Factors That Are Associated with Motorcycle Crash Severity in Rural and Urban Areas of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
William Agyemang ◽  
Emmanuel Kofi Adanu ◽  
Steven Jones
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Sub Saharan

Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana has witnessed an increase in the use of motorcycles for both commercial transport and private transport of people and goods. The rapid rise in commercial motorcycle activities has been attributed to the problem of urban traffic congestion and the general lack of reliable and affordable public transport in rural areas. This study investigates and compares factors that are associated with motorcycle crash injury outcomes in rural and urban areas of Ghana. This comparison is particularly important because the commercial use of motorcycles and their rapid growth in urban areas are a new phenomenon, in contrast to rural areas where people have long relied on motorcycles for their transportation needs. Preliminary analysis of the crash data revealed that more of the rural area crashes occurred under dark and unlit roadway conditions, while urban areas recorded more intersection-related crashes. Additionally, it was found that more pedestrian collisions happened in urban areas, while head-on collisions happened more in rural areas. The model estimation results show that collisions with a pedestrian, run-off-road, and collisions that occur under dark and unlit roadway conditions were more likely to result in fatal injury. Findings from this study are expected to help in crafting and targeting appropriate countermeasures to effectively reduce the occurrence and severity of motorcycle crashes throughout the country and, indeed, sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Hydrologic analysis for river Nyando using SWAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1765-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Opere ◽  
B. N. Okello
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Run Off

Abstract. The Nyando River is one of the major Rivers in the Lake Victoria Basin. It drains parts of Nandi, Kericho and Nyando districts. It has a catchment area of about 3600 km−2 of Western Kenya and an average discharge of approximately 15 m3 s−1, and has within it some of the most severe problems of environmental degradation and deepening poverty found anywhere in Kenya. The Nyando River drains into the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria and is a major contributor of sediment. The primary role of GIS in hydrological modeling is to integrate the ever increasing volumes of diverse spatial and non spatial data. This can be the model input or output. Recent advance in GIS (hardware and software) technology offer unprecedented capabilities for storing and manipulating large quantities of detailed, spatially-distributed watershed data (ASCE, 1999). SWAT, which is an interface of Arc View GIS, uses Arc View to prepare input data and display the model output as spatial maps, charts or time series data. This makes it easy to study and display the information for assimilation by SWAT. SWAT is a continuous time model that operates on a daily/sub-daily time step. It is physically based and can operate on large basins for long periods of time (Arnold et al., 1998). The basic model inputs are rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, land cover, soil and elevation (DEM). The watershed is subdivided into sub-basins that are spatially related to one another. Routing in stream channel is divided in to Water, Sediment, nutrients and organic chemical routing (Neitsch et al., 2002a). Stream flow data was available for two Stations 1GD03 and 1GD07. The stations had data ranging from 1950 to 1997, though they had missing gaps. Rainfall data were available for twelve rainfall recording stations in and around the basin. The collected data ranges between 1960 and 2000 though there were quite a number of missing data. The other weather data used were temperature data (maximum and minimum) for Kericho and Kisumu Meteorological stations. During the study the available water capacity (SOL_AWC) was varied within the range of ±0.05 mm of water/mm of soil. The result showed that SOL_AWC affects the stream flow. SOL_AWC affects both the surface flow and base flow. An increase in SOL_AWC results in decrease on the stream flow because of increase in the ability of the soil to hold more water. An increase in the initial curve number (CN2) increases the stream flow, but the effect is more pronounced on the effects on surface run off. The slightly increase in total stream flow could be as a result of ration of surface run off to base flow. The amount of stream flow contributed by the base flow was more than 50% of the total stream flow as show by base flow separation. The goodness of fit between observed and simulated stream flow was assessed for the aforementioned (1GD03) station, the R2 was found to be 0.24 while the NSE was 0.46 respectively. The low value of R2 and NSE could be attributed to lots of data gaps in the station and also the effects of combined tributaries. The station is located about 10 km upstream of Ahero Bridge just before the flood plain. The model over estimated the low flows at this station while the high flows were well estimated. The performance of the model varied depending on the available input data. The coefficient of determination R2 varies for observed and simulated stream flow at River gauging Station. The relationship between land use/cover change and stream flow is very significant in Nyando basin. The observation made is that with decreased Forest Cover up to 0% there is increased stream flow mean and peak and increased forests cover i.e. 100% results in decreased mean and peak stream flow.

scholarly journals Estimation of antecedent wetness conditions for flood modelling in northern Morocco

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 4375-4386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tramblay ◽  
R. Bouaicha ◽  
L. Brocca ◽  
W. Dorigo ◽  
C. Bouvier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Event Based

Abstract. In northern Morocco are located most of the dams and reservoirs of the country, while this region is affected by severe rainfall events causing floods. To improve the management of the water regulation structures, there is a need to develop rainfall–runoff models to both maximize the storage capacity and reduce the risks caused by floods. In this study, a model is developed to reproduce the flood events for a 655 km2 catchment located upstream of the 6th largest dam in Morocco. Constrained by data availability, a standard event-based model combining a SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Service Curve Number) loss model and a Clark unit hydrograph was developed for hourly discharge simulation using 16 flood events that occurred between 1984 and 2008. The model was found satisfactory to reproduce the runoff and the temporal evolution of floods, even with limited rainfall data. Several antecedent wetness conditions estimators for the catchment were compared with the initial condition of the model. Theses estimators include an antecedent discharge index, an antecedent precipitation index and a continuous daily soil moisture accounting model (SMA), based on precipitation and evapotranspiration. The SMA model performed the best to estimate the initial conditions of the event-based hydrological model (R2 = 0.9). Its daily output has been compared with ASCAT and AMSR-E remote sensing data products, which were both able to reproduce with accuracy the daily simulated soil moisture dynamics at the catchment scale. This same approach could be implemented in other catchments of this region for operational purposes. The results of this study suggest that remote sensing data are potentially useful to estimate the soil moisture conditions in the case of ungauged catchments in Northern Africa.

Simulating catchment scale river discharges and flood events from large scale atmospheric information: Example of the Upper Rhône River (European Alps)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Legrand ◽  
Benoît Hingray ◽  
Bruno Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Mountainous Catchments

&lt;p&gt;Floods are highly destructive natural hazards causing widespread impacts on socio-ecosystems. This hazard could be further amplified with the ongoing climate change, which will likely alter magnitude and frequency of floods. Estimating how flood regimes could change in the future is however not straightforward. The classical approach is to estimate future hydrological regimes from hydrological simulations forced by time series scenarii of weather variables for different future climate scenarii. The development of relevant weather scenarii for this is often critical. To be adapted to the critical space and time scales of the considered basins, weather scenarii are thus typically produced from climate models with downscaling models (either dynamic or statistical).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we aim to evaluate the capacity of such a simulation chain to reproduce floods observed in the upper Rh&amp;#244;ne River (10900 km&amp;#178;, European Alps) over the last century. The modeling chain is made up of (i) the atmospheric reanalysis ERA-20C (1900-2010), (ii) the statistical downscaling model Analog, and (iii) the glacio-hydrological model GSM-SOCONT (Glacier and Snowmelt SOil CONTribution model; Schaefli et al., 2005). To assess the performance of this modeling chain, the simulated scenarii of mean areal precipitation and temperature are compared to the observed time series over the common period (1961-2010), whereas the discharge scenarii are compared to the reference time series (1920-2010).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this presentation, we will discuss (i) the results obtained by the basic Analog method, namely a flood events underestimation due to an underestimation of extreme precipitation values, in particular 3-day and 5-day extreme precipitation, and (ii) the enhanced results obtained by the improved version of Analog SCAMP (Sequential Constructive Atmospheric Analogues for Multivariate weather Predictions; Raynaud et al., 2020) combined to the Schaake Shuffle method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Schaefli, B., Hingray, B., M. Niggli, M., Musy, A. (2005). A conceptual glacio-hydrological model for high mountainous catchments. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, European Geosciences Union, 9, 95-109.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Raynaud, D., Hingray, B., Evin, G., Favre, A.-C., Chardon, J. (2020). Assessment of meteorological extremes using a synoptic weather generator and a downscaling model based on analogues. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, European Geosciences Union, 24(9), 4339-4352.&lt;/p&gt;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document