Groundwater Recharge Indicators at the European scale

One of the goals of the ERA4CS INDECIS project (http://www.indecis.eu/) is to use available climate datasets at the European scale to derive user-oriented indicators. In this framework, we adapted a methodology to compute the present and future groundwater recharge by precipitation at the European scale. This indicator of groundwater availability aims at supporting water resource management.The scientific approach partly relies on two indexes related to precipitation infiltration at the watershed scale. The first one is the BaseFlow Index (BFI) which is considered as a fair approximation of the average infiltration coefficient for hydrogeological basins. The second one is the Network Development and Persistence Index (IDPR), a cartographic index calculated from the differences between the real river and the theoretical thalwegs networks. The IDPR provides a qualitative indication of infiltration versus runoff, and is now available at the European scale with a 50 m resolution. We computed the mean interannual BFI over the 1981 &#8211; 2010 period for more than 350 gauged and not influenced watersheds distributed over France, with various geological contexts and climates. These BFI values proved to be linearly correlated to the spatial average of the IDPR over these watersheds. The relationship between the two datasets established on these gauged basins was then applied to convert the European IDPR map into an effective precipitation infiltration ratio (EPIR) map.The modelling process finally consisted in computing the effective precipitation at a daily time step on each cell of a mesh covering the European area. Three different water budget models were applied. The only parameter of these models is the soil water capacity provided by European Soil Data Centre. For the present period, the models were fed with the E-OBS datasets available on a 0.25 degree grid. Resulting time series were time-averaged and multiplied by the spatialized EPIR to provide a European map of annual potential recharge by precipitation infiltration. For the future periods, the same methodology can be applied. Ensemble simulations are in progress using EURO-CORDEX climate projections as input of the hydrological models.

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Groundwater Recharges Technology for Water Resource Management: A Case Study

10.5772/intechopen.93946 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jatoth Veeranna ◽

Pawan Jeet

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Water Availability ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Indirect Methods ◽

Groundwater Availability ◽

Severe Water Deficit ◽

Direct And Indirect Methods

The irregularity in monsoon has severely affected the water availability at surface and sub-surface systems. Diminishing surface and sub-surface availability has not only decreased the water availability, but it additionally affected the ecosystem and increased disastrous situations like floods and droughts, resulting problems of stress on groundwater recharge. Groundwater recharge is a technique by which infiltrated water passes through the unsaturated region of groundwater and joins the water table. It is based upon soil type, land use land cover, geomorphology, geophysical and climate (viz. rainfall, temperature, humidity etc.) characteristics of a region. Over the years, due to variations in weather pattern and overexploitation of aquifers groundwater recharge has decreased and groundwater level has reduced in the most parts of the country. This has led to severe water deficit problems in several parts of the country. This can be solved by different direct and indirect methods of groundwater recharge technology. This technology can reduce the wastage of water and enhance groundwater availability for uses in different sector like irrigation, domestic and industrial uses.

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Assessing the potential groundwater recharge from precipitation in the Pyrenees in the global change context

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11287 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yvan Caballero ◽

Sandra Lanini ◽

Guillaume Hevin ◽

Pierre Le Cointe ◽

Stéphanie Pinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Time Step ◽

Meteorological Forcing ◽

Heterogeneous Aquifers ◽

Effective Precipitation ◽

Change Context ◽

Potential Groundwater ◽

Crop Coefficients

The Pyrenees range is a transboundary region shared by Spain, France and Andorre whose water resources are diverse (snowmelt and rainfall runoff in a topographically variable context, groundwater in complex and heterogeneous aquifers) and poorly known. As many other mountain regions, this territory is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In the framework of the PIRAGUA project, funded by FEDER through the EU POCTEFA Program, the potential groundwater recharge from precipitation was estimated over the last 30 years at the scale of the Pyrenean range.&#160;Using the meteorological forcing data provided at high spatial resolution in the framework of the PIRAGUA Project, the effective rainfall was computed at the daily time step using three different simple water balance methods, including land use effect on evapotranspiration (crop coefficients method) over the 1981-2010 period. Resulting effective precipitation ranges from 50 to more than 2000 mm/year on average and shows strong differences between the east and west sides of the Pyrenean chain.&#160;Potential groundwater recharge from precipitation was then estimated using an effective precipitation infiltration ratio derived from the comparison of the IDPR geomorphological index to the baseflow index extracted from selected river discharge time series over the Pyrenees. The resulting potential recharge was finally averaged at the groundwater bodies&#8217; scale of the Pyrenean chain.&#160;Corresponding potential groundwater resources were finally compared to groundwater uses estimated at the Pyrenean scale in order to 1) assess their respective importance in relation to water uses and 2) identify the sectors of the territory for which situations of tension on groundwater resources could already be observed, tensions which are likely to increase in the context of climate change.&#160;

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ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM INSTANT DISCHARGE OF VARIOUS FREQUENCY AT UNGAUGED MOUNTAINOUS RIVER KHEMCHIK (TUVA REPUBLIC) BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Engineering survey ◽

10.25296/1997-8650-2019-13-2-36-51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 36-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. M. Makarieva ◽

N. V. Nesterova ◽

G. P. Yampolsky ◽

E. Y. Kudymova

Keyword(s):

Coniferous Forest ◽

Frequency Interval ◽

Time Step ◽

Model Calculations ◽

Runoff Formation ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Daily Streamflow ◽

Standard Methodology ◽

Maximum Elevation ◽

Daily Time Step

Abstract: the article presents the results of application of distributed deterministic hydrological model Hydrograph for estimation of maximum discharge values of different frequency at the ungauged catchment of the Khemchik River (Khemchik village, Tuva Republic). The catchment area is 1750 km2 , the average and maximum elevation — 2200 and 3600 m, respectively. Due to the lack of detailed information, a schematization of the catchment and the parameterization of the model are proposed, based on general ideas about the water balance and the processes of runoff formation of the main landscapes — rocky talus, coniferous forest and steppe. Parameters and algorithms are verified based on the results of streamflow modeling at two studied catchments: the Tapsy River — Kara-Khol (302 km2 ) and the Khemchik River — Iyme (25500 km2 ). Modelling of runoff formation processes with daily time step for the Khemchik River — Khemchik village was conducted for the period 1966–2012 using observational data at Teeli meteorological station. For the transition from daily to instant discharges, the dependence of the observed values of instant and daily streamflow at the studied gauges has been applied. On the basis of simulated discharge series, the frequency curve was built and the obtained curve was compared with the calculation data according to the standard methodology SP 33-101-2003 “Determination of the main calculated hydrological characteristics” using the analogue river. Simulated maximum instant discharges for entire frequency interval of up to 1% are 1.3–5 times higher than the values obtained by standard methodology SP 33-101-2003. The results of model calculations is indirectly confirmed by the evidences of regular flooding of the Khemchik village provided by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Tuva Republic, which is not predicted by the values obtained by the standard methods.

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Multimodel Ensemble Projections of Wave Climate in the Western North Pacific Using CMIP6 Marine Surface Winds

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9080835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Mochamad Riam Badriana ◽

Han Soo Lee

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

General Circulation ◽

Western North Pacific ◽

Wave Climate ◽

Coastal Development ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Surface Winds ◽

Time Step ◽

Wave Characteristics ◽

Marine Surface

For decades, the western North Pacific (WNP) has been commonly indicated as a region with high vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric hazards. This phenomenon can be observed through general circulation model (GCM) output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). The CMIP consists of a collection of ensemble data as well as marine surface winds for the projection of the wave climate. Wave climate projections based on the CMIP dataset are necessary for ocean studies, marine forecasts, and coastal development over the WNP region. Numerous studies with earlier phases of CMIP are abundant, but studies using CMIP6 as the recent dataset for wave projection is still limited. Thus, in this study, wave climate projections with WAVEWATCH III are conducted to investigate how wave characteristics in the WNP will have changed in 2050 and 2100 compared to those in 2000 with atmospheric forcings from CMIP6 marine surface winds. The wave model runs with a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution in spherical coordinates and a 10-min time step. A total of eight GCMs from the CMIP6 dataset are used for the marine surface winds modelled over 3 hours for 2050 and 2100. The simulated average wave characteristics for 2000 are validated with the ERA5 Reanalysis wave data showing good consistency. The wave characteristics in 2050 and 2100 show that significant decreases in wave height, a clockwise shift in wave direction, and the mean wave period becomes shorter relative to those in 2000.

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Characteristics and Controlling Factors of the Drought Runoff Coefficient

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1259

Author(s):

Rei Itsukushima

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Resource Management ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Controlling Factors ◽

Low Flow ◽

Drought Risk ◽

Runoff Coefficient ◽

Topographical Factors ◽

The Relationship

Increasing water demand due to population growth, economic development, and changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change are likely to alter the duration and magnitude of droughts. Understanding the relationship between low-flow conditions and controlling factors relative to the magnitude of a drought is important for establishing sustainable water resource management based on changes in future drought risk. This study demonstrates the relationship between low-flow and controlling factors under different severities of drought. I calculated the drought runoff coefficient for six types of occurrence probability, using past observation data of annual total discharge and precipitation in the Japanese archipelago, where multiple climate zones exist. Furthermore, I investigated the pattern of change in the drought runoff coefficient in accordance with the probability of occurrence of drought, and relationships among the coefficient and geological, land use, and topographical factors. The drought runoff coefficient for multiple drought magnitudes exhibited three behaviors, corresponding to the pattern of precipitation. Results from a generalized linear model (GLM) revealed that the controlling factors differed depending on the magnitude of the drought. During high-frequency droughts, the drought runoff coefficient was influenced by geological and vegetation factors, whereas land use and topographical factors influenced the drought runoff coefficient during low-frequency droughts. These differences were caused by differences in runoff, which dominated stream discharge, depending on the magnitude of the drought. Therefore, for effective water resource management, estimation of the volume of drought runoff needs to consider the pattern of precipitation, geology, land use, and topography.

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On the Friction Coefficient in the Numerical Simulation of Tidal Wave Propagation

Volume 11: New Developments in Simulation Methods and Software for Engineering Applications; Safety Engineering, Risk Analysis and Reliability Methods; Transportation Systems ◽

10.1115/imece2010-40275 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Z. Y. Song ◽

C. Cheng ◽

F. M. Xu ◽

J. Kong

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Wave Propagation ◽

Friction Factor ◽

Tidal Wave ◽

Computational Time ◽

Numerical Dissipation ◽

Courant Number ◽

Time Step ◽

Large Time Step ◽

The Relationship

Based on the analytical solution of one-dimensional simplified equation of damping tidal wave and Heuristic stability analysis, the precision of numerical solution, computational time and the relationship between the numerical dissipation and the friction dissipation are discussed with different numerical schemes in this paper. The results show that (1) when Courant number is less than unity, the explicit solution of tidal wave propagation has higher precision and requires less computational time than the implicit one; (2) large time step is allowed in the implicit scheme in order to reduce the computational time, but the precision of the solution also reduce and the calculation precision should be guaranteed by reducing the friction factor: (3) the friction factor in the implicit solution is related to Courant number, presented as the determined friction factor is smaller than the natural value when Courant number is larger than unity, and their relationship formula is given from the theoretical analysis and the numerical experiments. These results have important application value for the numerical simulation of the tidal wave.

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Adaptation of water resource systems to an uncertain future

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-20-1869-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1869-1884 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Claire L. Walsh ◽

Stephen Blenkinsop ◽

Hayley J. Fowler ◽

Aidan Burton ◽

Richard J. Dawson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Population Growth ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Resource Planning ◽

Integrated Modelling ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Median Frequency ◽

Changing Climate ◽

Adaptation Options

Abstract. Globally, water resources management faces significant challenges from changing climate and growing populations. At local scales, the information provided by climate models is insufficient to support the water sector in making future adaptation decisions. Furthermore, projections of change in local water resources are wrought with uncertainties surrounding natural variability, future greenhouse gas emissions, model structure, population growth, and water consumption habits. To analyse the magnitude of these uncertainties, and their implications for local-scale water resource planning, we present a top-down approach for testing climate change adaptation options using probabilistic climate scenarios and demand projections. An integrated modelling framework is developed which implements a new, gridded spatial weather generator, coupled with a rainfall-runoff model and water resource management simulation model. We use this to provide projections of the number of days and associated uncertainty that will require implementation of demand saving measures such as hose pipe bans and drought orders. Results, which are demonstrated for the Thames Basin, UK, indicate existing water supplies are sensitive to a changing climate and an increasing population, and that the frequency of severe demand saving measures are projected to increase. Considering both climate projections and population growth, the median number of drought order occurrences may increase 5-fold by the 2050s. The effectiveness of a range of demand management and supply options have been tested and shown to provide significant benefits in terms of reducing the number of demand saving days. A decrease in per capita demand of 3.75 % reduces the median frequency of drought order measures by 50 % by the 2020s. We found that increased supply arising from various adaptation options may compensate for increasingly variable flows; however, without reductions in overall demand for water resources such options will be insufficient on their own to adapt to uncertainties in the projected changes in climate and population. For example, a 30 % reduction in overall demand by 2050 has a greater impact on reducing the frequency of drought orders than any of the individual or combinations of supply options; hence, a portfolio of measures is required.

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Alternative climate data sources for distributed hydrological modelling on a daily time step

Hydrological Processes ◽

10.1002/hyp.7917 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1542-1557 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ashraf El-Sadek ◽

Max Bleiweiss ◽

Manoj Shukla ◽

Steve Guldan ◽

Alexander Fernald

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Modelling ◽

Data Sources ◽

Climate Data ◽

Time Step ◽

Daily Time Step ◽

Distributed Hydrological Modelling ◽

Daily Time

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Climate Changes Impacts on Groundwater Recharge in the UAE

10.29007/kdpc ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed Mostafa Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Water Source ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Groundwater Availability ◽

Groundwater Aquifer ◽

Abu Dhabi Emirate ◽

Desalination Plants

Despite the continuous increase in water supply from desalination plants in the UAE, groundwater remains the major source of fresh water satisfying domestic and agricultural demands. Additionally, groundwater has always been considered as a strategic water source towards groundwater security in the country. Quantification of groundwater recharge is a prerequisite for efficient and sustainable groundwater resources management in arid regions. Therefore, groundwater recharge from the ephemeral Wadi beds and subsurface flow from mountainous valley beds play an important role in water management. Although, both surface and groundwater resources in UAE are scarce; the anticipated climate change impacts could make these resources even scarcer. As such, the main aim of this paper is to assess the potential impacts of future climate variability and change on groundwater recharge in the eastern region of UAE. This paper will explore rainfall characteristics in the region, their projections and their impacts on Wadi hydrology and groundwater recharge processes. Another objective of the study is to identify groundwater recharge regions to the shallow unconfined groundwater aquifer in the northeastern part of Abu-Dhabi Emirate. Outcomes of this study will help to accurately estimate current and future sustainable extraction rates, assess groundwater availability, and identify pathways and velocity of groundwater flow as crucial information for determining the best locations for artificial recharge.

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Groundwater recharge and groundwater water resources under present and future climate over the Pyrenees (France, Spain, Andorre)

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16471 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yvan Caballero ◽

Sandra Lanini ◽

Pierre Le Cointe ◽

Stéphanie Pinson ◽

Guillaume Hevin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

Land Cover ◽

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Development Fund ◽

Effective Precipitation ◽

Potential Groundwater

Climate change is expected to have a significant impact on water resources in mountain areas, as it is the case of the Pyrenees range between France, Spain and Andorre. Independently of future changes on rainfall patterns, global temperature rise is likely to provoke larger and earlier snowmelt, and enhanced precipitation deficits during the dry summer season. Exploring the impacts of this future situation on groundwater is essential, as this resource is often important for drinking water, irrigation and breeding uses in mountain regions. However, studies on groundwater recharge in the context of climate change are relatively scarce, as compared to studies focusing on surface water resources.We assessed potential groundwater recharge (part of effective precipitation that infiltrates and potentially reach the aquifers) over the Pyrenean range in the framework of the PIRAGUA project, a collaborative multi-national effort funded by the EU&#8217;s Interreg POCTEFA program. Based on a gridded (5x5 km&#178;) meteorological dataset derived from observational data by the CLIMPY project, we estimated effective precipitation for each grid cell using a conceptual water balance scheme. The effect of the seasonal change of land cover / land use (based on the Corine Land Cover dataset) on the water budget model has been assessed, and showed the need to include this component for a more accurate simulation. Based on a spatial characterization of the land infiltration capacity, the potential groundwater recharge has been computed for homogeneous groundwater bodies. Results have been compared to the outputs of groundwater models applied on selected karstic catchments using the BALAN code, and to a general knowledge of groundwater recharge rates for different regions within the study zone. Finally, climate change impacts on future IDPR have been explored using scenarios provided by the CLIMPY project.The Pyrenees range is a hot-spot for water resources with a tremendous impact over a much broader region in SW Europe, as Pyrenean rivers are fundamental contributors to large systems such as those of the Adour and Garonne (France) or Ebro (Spain), as well as smaller systems in the western and eastern sectors such as the Bidasoa (Spanish Basque Country), Llobregat-Ter-Muga (Catalonia), or T&#234;t-Tech-Aude (France). Our results are relevant for the planning and management of water resources for this important transboundary region in the future, as changes in groundwater recharge will also affect water resources availability.Acknowledgments: the project PIRAGUA, is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain France Andorra programme (POCTEFA 2014-2020).

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