scholarly journals Exchange between a river and groundwater, assessed with hydrochemical data

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hoehn ◽  
A. Scholtis
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Valley Fill ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Water Saturated

Abstract. We describe the chemical composition of groundwater from an alluvial granular aquifer in a valley fill flood plain (River Thur Valley). The river flows along this valley and is mostly downwelling on its way, indirectly through an unsaturated zone in the upstream part, and directly through the water-saturated bed in the downstream part. River Thur has been channelized with barriers for more than a century. In 1992, the authorities started to restore a section of River Thur with riverbed enlargements. The land use in the flood plain and the seasonal and climatic conditions (e.g., hot dry summer 2003) result in alterations of the natural geochemical composition of the river water. This groundwater is partly to mainly recharged by bank filtration. Several wells exist near the river that draw groundwater for drinking. In some of these wells, the groundwater has a very short residence time in the subsurface of days to weeks. Bed enlargements and other operations for an enhancement of the exchange of water between the river and groundwater increase the contamination risk of the nearby wells. During bank filtration, the groundwater changes gradually its composition, with increasing distance from the river and with depth in the aquifer. From today's changes of the water quality during riverbank filtration, we tried to extrapolate to the groundwater quality that may arise from future river restorations. Today the groundwater body consists of a mixture of groundwater from the seepage of precipitation and from riverbank filtration. The main difference between river water and groundwater results from the microbial activity in riverbed and bank materials. This activity leads to a consumption of O2 and to a higher partial pressure of CO2 in the groundwater. Criteria for the distinction of different groundwater compositions are the distance of a well from the river and the subsurface residence time of the groundwater to reach this well.

scholarly journals Exchange between a river and groundwater, assessed with hydrochemical data

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 9023-9042 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hoehn ◽  
A. Scholtis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Groundwater Composition

Abstract. We describe the chemical composition of groundwater from an alluvial granular aquifer in a valley fill flood plain (River Thur Valley). The aim of this work is to investigate the chemical processes, which are necessary to manage groundwater quality during river restorations. The river flows along this valley and is mostly downwelling on its way, indirectly through an unsaturated zone in the upstream part, and directly through the water-saturated bed in the downstream part. River Thur has been channelized with barriers for more than a century. Since 1992, the authorities started to restore sections of River Thur with river-bed enlargements. Several wells near the river draw groundwater, which is partly to mainly recharged by bank filtration. Many alpine and perialpine rivers have a total mineralization in the order of 200–400 mg L−1 and the chemical composition of the main constituents is of a Ca-Mg-HCO3-(NO3) type. The groundwater composition changes with increasing distance from the downwelling river and with increasing depth in the aquifer. The groundwater body consists of a mixture of groundwater from the seepage of precipitation and from river-bank filtration. The main difference between river water and groundwater results from the microbial activity in river-bed and bank materials. This activity leads to a consumption of O2 and to a higher partial pressure in CO2 in the groundwater. A spatial distribution of different groundwater types was established with geochemical mapping of concentration data, and with fluid logging. Criteria for the distinction of different groundwater compositions are the distance of a well from the river and the subsurface residence time of the groundwater to reach this well. Some of the groundwater has a very short residence time in the subsurface of days to weeks, and some of months to years. Groundwater in the River Thur valley aquifer is not pristine. The land use in the flood plain and the seasonal and climatic conditions (e.g., hot dry summer 2003) result in alterations of the natural geochemical groundwater composition. Time-series measurements of nitrate (from agricultural impact in the catchment) and chloride showed temporal changes in groundwater composition. Bed enlargements in river corridors can lead to a reduction of groundwater residence times and to an increase of riverbank filtration in nearby wells, which increases their contamination risk.

The impact of sewage-contaminated river water on groundwater ammonium and arsenic concentrations at a riverbank filtration site in central Delhi, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 2185-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Groeschke ◽  
Theresa Frommen ◽  
Thomas Taute ◽  
Michael Schneider
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
The Impact

Climate forcing of volcano lateral collapse: evidence from Mount Etna, Sicily

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1919) ◽  
pp. 2559-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Deeming ◽  
B. McGuire ◽  
P. Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Watershed Development ◽  
Eastern Flank ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Excess Pore Pressures ◽  
Exposure Ages

In this study, we present evidence for early Holocene climatic conditions providing circumstances favourable to major lateral collapse at Mount Etna, Sicily. The volcano’s most notable topographic feature is the Valle del Bove, a 5×8 km cliff-bounded amphitheatre excavated from the eastern flank of the volcano. Its origin due to prehistoric lateral collapse is corroborated by stürtzstrom deposits adjacent to the amphitheatre’s downslope outlet, but the age, nature and cause of amphitheatre excavation remain matters for debate. Cosmogenic 3 He exposure ages determined for eroded surfaces within an abandoned watershed flanking the Valle del Bove support channel abandonment ca 7.5 ka BP, as a consequence of its excavation in a catastrophic collapse event. Watershed development was largely dictated by pluvial conditions during the early Holocene, which are also implicated in slope failure. A viable trigger is magma emplacement into rift zones in the eastern flank of a water-saturated edifice, leading to the development of excess pore pressures, consequent reduction in sliding resistance, detachment and collapse. Such a mechanism is presented as one potential driver of future lateral collapse in volcanic landscapes forecast to experience increased precipitation or melting of ice cover as a consequence of anthropogenic warming.

scholarly journals Concrete based on sulfur binder being modified with inorganic additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Vadim Balabanov ◽  
Victor Baryshok ◽  
Nikita Epishkin
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Water Saturated

The sharply continental climate of the Irkutsk region is characterized by wide temperature intervals throughout the year. The repeated cyclicity of freezing and thawing of building materials in the water-saturated state influences the change in technical characteristics and the durability of concrete products and structures. The concrete products’ features in such climatic conditions create the need for the production of concretes with improved indicators of physical and mechanical properties. The effect of modifying additives on the technological characteristics of sulfur concrete is established. The effect of all elements of sulfur concrete on its strength and frost resistance. The composition of sulfuric concrete is obtained, which meets all the requirements and also has high strength and increased frost resistance. Formulations with a certain ratio of structural sulfuric concrete mixtures were developed. As a result of the use of technical sulfur in the composition of concrete products, the problem of utilizing annually accumulating reserves of technical sulfur is partially solved. The strength properties of sulfuric concretes easily compete with high-quality brands of concrete, special types of concretes that have in their composition additives.

scholarly journals Environmental Isotope of Radon-222 for Ciliwung River and Shallow Deep Water Interaction Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Evarista Ristin Pujiindiyati ◽  
Bungkus Pratikno
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Bank ◽  
222Rn Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Groundwater Infiltration

Aquifer in river bank area is mostly susceptive toward pollution occurring in river. One of parameters to determine the interaction process between groundwater and river is a natural isotope of 222Rn. The significant difference of radon concentration in groundwater and river water can be utilized as a scientific basis for investigating groundwater infiltration in river bank. Those studied parameters are residence time and infiltration rate. The research using 222Rn had been conducted in shallow groundwater of Ciliwung river bank - South Jakarta during rainy and dry season. The range of 222Rn concentration in shallow groundwater monitored in dry season was between 666 - 2590 Bq/m3 which was higher than that of rainy season ranging at 440 to 1546 Bq/m3. Otherwise, concentration of 222Rn in river water could not be detected (its 222Rn concentration = 0 Bq/m3) due to its much lower concentration either rainy or dry season. During dry season monitoring, equilibration between groundwater and river water was reached at the distance approximately 98 - 140 m away from river side. Estimating residence time based on 222Rn concentration at nearest site from the river and at equlibration area was 4.2 days such that the infiltration rate from river water into aquifer might be 7.8 m/day.Keywords: 222Rn, groundwater, residence time, infiltration rate.

Dinosaur trackways from the Upper Cretaceous Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations (Belly River Group) of southern Alberta, Canada, reveal novel ichnofossil preservation style

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 630-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Therrien ◽  
Darla K. Zelenitsky ◽  
Annie Quinney ◽  
Kohei Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Area ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Dinosaur Tracks ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

Dinosaur tracksites recently discovered in exposures of the Belly River Group in the Milk River Natural Area (MRNA) and Dinosaur Provincial Park (DPP) of southern Alberta represent a novel type of ichnofossils. The tracks, all referable to hadrosaurs, occur as sideritic or calcareous concretions protruding above fine-grained deposits and are here termed concretionary tracks. Detailed sedimentological, petrographic, and geochemical analyses reveal that, although the MRNA and DPP tracks are of different mineralogical compositions (calcium carbonate versus siderite, respectively), they display similar internal structures (microscopic convoluted laminations) and occur in depositional settings indicative of wet paleoenvironments, where the ground was soft and water saturated. These characteristics suggest that concretionary tracks are footprint casts that formed as groundwater rich in dissolved carbonates flooded depressions left in the soft substrate. As the ponded water evaporated, minerals began to precipitate and mix with clastic material transported into the depressions, settling as finely laminated mud within the tracks and filling them either completely or partially. The geochemical composition of the precipitate would depend on the prevalent groundwater conditions (e.g., pH, dissolved carbonate and sulphate concrentrations). Cementation of the tracks occurred relatively soon after burial (<100 years), possibly in response to microbial activity and saturation by mineral-rich groundwater, and modern erosion exposed the concretionary tracks by removing the softer host unit. Recognition of this novel type of ichnofossils suggests dinosaur tracks may be more common than previously thought. Unfortunately, concretionary tracks tend to break apart rapidly when the encasing and underlying substrate erodes away, altering their diagnostic shape and rendering them indistinguishable from nonichnogenic concretions. As such, concretionary tracks may be transient ichnofossils in the badlands, explaining why they are rarely recognized.

Riverbank filtration for drinking water supply - a proven method, perfect to face today's challenges

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Irmscher ◽  
I. Teermann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Proven Method

Hygiene standards and parasites have been a special focus of drinking water utilities for several years. In this context the development of new, high-tech water treatment methods is often taken into consideration. However, we have been applying riverbank filtration as an inexpensive, natural method in Düsseldorf for over 130 years. Indeed it had been introduced for “hygiene reasons” at the time and, according to our experience, riverbank filtration is well suited to meet these “new” hygiene challenges. We have intensively examined the infiltration of river water into the aquifer. We view this core process as the prerequisite for the sustained function of riverbank filtration. It is closely linked with the retention of turbid matters in the riverbed and the shearing forces on the subsurface. In addition, we have investigated the effectiveness of bank filtration as regards the elimination of microorganisms over recent years. According to these examinations, bacteria are reduced by an average of 3 log orders by bank filtration; individual breakthroughs correlate with high water events. According to our measurements Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been completely eliminated in riverbank passage. The retention of three examined types of viruses was also found to be almost completely accomplished.

scholarly journals Identification of types of buffaloes available in Kanihari buffalo pocket of Mymensingh district

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Md Mahmodul Hasan Sohel ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Coat Color ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Body Appearance ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
River Type

The buffaloes are reared by many races under diverse agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh. The buffaloes of Bangladesh are mostly indigenous in origin. Both the swamp and river type buffaloes are found in Bangladesh and they can be found throughout the country. However, their concentration is higher in coastal part, Meghna-Ganga and Jamuna-Brahamaputra flood plain, subsequently forming buffalo pockets. This study was conducted to identify the types of buffaloes and the sources of breeding buffaloes in one of those buffalo pockets called Kanihari buffalo pocket situated in Mymenshing district. Direct interviewing method was used to collect the data from the owner of the buffaloes. According to the body shape, coat color and horn pattern, buffaloes of this region were categorized into different categories. Abundant natural green grasses in the river bank of old Brahammaputra gave this area as a shape of a buffalo pocket. This pocket does not have any distinct breed and the buffalo population is mostly mixed and exotic. Introduction of swamp germplasm occurred when buffalo cows are temporarily migrated to Bathan area of Sylhet. Morphometric characteristics (coat color, horn pattern and body appearance) of Type-1, Type-2 and Type-3 buffaloes are similar to Murrah group (Murrah and Nili- Ravi), Surti group and indigenous river type buffaloes, respectively. This is the first study which identifies and morphologically characterizes the buffalo population in Kanihari buffalo pocket; however, in depth genotypic study is required in order to identify the origin or breeds available in this area.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 109-115, April 2015

Pingos in Antarctica

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Vestfold Hills ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
First Time

AbstractPingos, or ice-cored mounds, are described for the first time from Antarctica and for the first time on ice-cored moraine. Seven pingos up to 4 m high and 12 m in diameter occur on former dering of lakes on the moraine exposes water-saturated sediments to freezing and consequent lake sediments on Flanders Moraine, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica (68°40'S 78°00'E). Lateral wandering formation of closed-system pingos. The pingos are probably only a few hundred years old. The apparent absence of pingo scars in the Southern Hemisphere may be due to lack of suitable substrates, rather than to unsuitable climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Importance of the Induced Recharge Term in Riverbank Filtration: Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemical, and Numerical Modelling Investigations

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Rudy Rossetto ◽  
Alessio Barbagli ◽  
Giovanna De Filippis ◽  
Chiara Marchina ◽  
Thomas Vienken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
River Water ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Pumping Wells ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chemical Mixing ◽  
Ambient Groundwater

While ensuring adequate drinking water supply is increasingly being a worldwide challenging need, managed aquifer recharge (MAR) schemes may provide reliable solutions in order to guarantee safe and continuous supply of water. This is particularly true in riverbank filtration (RBF) schemes. Several studies aimed at addressing the treatment capabilities of such schemes, but induced aquifer recharge hydrodynamics from surface water bodies caused by pumping wells is seldom analysed and quantified. In this study, after presenting a detailed description of the Serchio River RBF site, we used a multidisciplinary approach entailing hydrodynamics, hydrochemical, and numerical modelling methods in order to evaluate the change in recharge from the Serchio river to the aquifer due to the building of the RBF infrastructures along the Serchio river (Lucca, Italy). In this way, we estimated the increase in aquifer recharge and the ratio of bank filtrate to ambient groundwater abstracted at such RBF scheme. Results highlight that in present conditions the main source of the RBF pumping wells is the Serchio River water and that the groundwater at the Sant’Alessio plain is mainly characterized by mixing between precipitation occurring in the higher part of the plain and the River water. Based on chemical mixing, a precautionary amount of abstracted Serchio River water is estimated to be on average 13.6 Mm3/year, which is 85% of the total amount of water abstracted in a year (~16 Mm3). RBF is a worldwide recognized MAR technique for supplying good quality and reliable amount of water. As in several cases and countries the induced recharge component is not duly acknowledged, the authors suggest including the term “induced” in the definition of this type of MAR technique (to become then IRBF). Thus, clear reference may be made to the fact that the bank filtration is not completely due to natural recharge, as in many cases of surface water/groundwater interactions, but it may be partly/almost all human-made.

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