scholarly journals SCAN ANGLE IMPACT ON LIDAR-DERIVED METRICS USED IN ABA MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF FOREST STAND CHARACTERISTICS: A GRID BASED ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 975-982
Author(s):  
K. R. Dayal ◽  
S. Durrieu ◽  
S. Alleaume ◽  
F. Revers ◽  
E. Larmanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grid Cell ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
First Order ◽  
Gap Fraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Grid Based

Abstract. Lidar scan angle can affect estimation of lidar-derived forest metrics used in area-based approaches (ABAs). As commonly used first-order metrics and various user-developed metrics are computed in the form of a grid or a raster, their response to various scan angles needs to be investigated similarly. The objective of this study was to highlight the impact of scan angles on 11 metrics (9 height-based and 2 other commonly used metrics) at the level of the grid-cell. The study area was divided into a grid of cell size 30 m. In every grid-cell, the flight lines that sampled at least 90% area of the grid-cell were identified. The flight lines and the corresponding point clouds were then classified based on their mean scan angle into four classes 0°–10°, 10°–20°, 20°–30° and 30°–40°. Metrics were computed for one flight line per class for each grid-cell. This resulted in a maximum of four values for a metric in every grid-cell. Comparing these values revealed the evolving nature of the metrics with the scan angle. For the comparison we used a paired t-test and simple linear regression. We observed that most of the metrics were systematically under-estimated with increasing scan angle. Gap-fraction, rumple index were affected more than standard deviation of height while the maximum height was relatively stable. Among the height percentiles, the higher percentiles were relatively more stable compared to the lower percentiles. Scan angles can indeed have an impact on the estimation of lidar derived metrics. Although, many of the metrics studied showed statistically significant differences in their computation for different scan angles, their impact on the accuracies of ABA models needs to be studied further by accounting for the differences as shown in this study.

scholarly journals Using Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) to Characterize Forest Stand Condition on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Erik Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Kenai Peninsula

Abstract Airborne laser scanning (also known as light detection and ranging or LIDAR) data were used to estimate three fundamental forest stand condition classes (forest stand size, land cover type, and canopy closure) at 32 Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plots distributed over the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska. Individual tree crown segment attributes (height, area, and species type) were derived from the three-dimensional LIDAR point cloud, LIDAR-based canopy height models, and LIDAR return intensity information. The LIDAR-based crown segment and canopy cover information was then used to estimate condition classes at each 10-m grid cell on a 300 × 300-m area surrounding each FIA plot. A quantitative comparison of the LIDAR- and field-based condition classifications at the subplot centers indicates that LIDAR has potential as a useful sampling tool in an operational forest inventory program.

Future lunar missions and investigation of dusty plasma processes on the Moon

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEY I. POPEL ◽  
LEV M. ZELENYI
Keyword(s):  
Dusty Plasma ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Charged Dust ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Lunar Dust ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dusty Plasma System

AbstractFrom the Apollo era of exploration, it was discovered that sunlight was scattered at the terminators giving rise to “horizon glow” and “streamers” above the lunar surface. Subsequent investigations have shown that the sunlight was most likely scattered by electrostatically charged dust grains originating from the surface. A renaissance is being observed currently in investigations of the Moon. The Luna-Glob and Luna-Resource missions (the latter jointly with India) are being prepared in Russia. Some of these missions will include investigations of lunar dust. Here we discuss the future experimental investigations of lunar dust within the missions of Luna-Glob and Luna-Resource. We consider the dusty plasma system over the lunar surface and determine the maximum height of dust rise. We describe mechanisms of formation of the dusty plasma system over the Moon and its main properties, determine distributions of electrons and dust over the lunar surface, and show a possibility of rising dust particles over the surface of the illuminated part of the Moon in the entire range of lunar latitudes. Finally, we discuss the effect of condensation of micrometeoriod substance during the expansion of the impact plume and show that this effect is important from the viewpoint of explanation of dust particle rise to high altitudes in addition to the dusty plasma effects.

Optimal Capacitors Placement of Distribution Systems Using 2nd Order Power Loss Sensitivity Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Min Gao ◽  
Jian Min Zhang ◽  
Chen Xi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Impact

Heuristic methods by first order sensitivity analysis are often used to determine location of capacitors of distribution power system. The selected nodes by first order sensitivity analysis often have virtual high by first order sensitivities, which could not obtain the optimal results. This paper presents an effective method to optimally determine the location and capacities of capacitors of distribution systems, based on an innovative approach by the second order sensitivity analysis and hierarchical clustering. The approach determines the location by the second order sensitivity analysis. Comparing with the traditional method, the new method considers the nonlinear factor of power flow equation and the impact of the latter selected compensation nodes on the previously selected compensation location. This method is tested on a 28-bus distribution system. Digital simulation results show that the reactive power optimization plan with the proposed method is more economic while maintaining the same level of effectiveness.

Equine hindlimb hoof biomechanics: an evaluation of the effect of routine hoof trimming on force and pressure distribution at midstance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
B. Faramarzi ◽  
M. Polniaszek ◽  
F. Dong
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
P Values ◽  
Pressure Plate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness ◽  
Paired T Test

Proper hoof function is vital for equine health and performance. Many musculoskeletal injuries in horses originate from the foot. Most studies performed to date have focused on the forehoof while the hindhoof (HH) has received less attention. Our goal was to examine the influence of routine hoof trimming on HH medio-lateral hoof balance. The objective of this study was to examine force (F), contact pressure (CP), and contact area (CA) at the medial and lateral aspects of the HH to evaluate the impact of routine hoof trimming on HH biomechanics. Clinically sound Arabian horses (n=9) were walked across a calibrated pressure plate before and after routine hoof trimming and the F, CP, and CA at the medial and lateral aspects of the HH were recorded at midstance pre- and post-trimming. The differences between these regions were investigated using a paired T-test. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Among measured variables, force increased by 25% (P=0.007) and contact pressure increased by 13% (P=0.032) at the medial aspect of the HH after routine hoof trimming. Analysing data from hindlimb hoof-surface interaction in sound horses will allow for a better understanding of imbalances that may lead to pathologies and hindlimb lameness in horses.

scholarly journals Reuse of Newspaper As An Adsorbent For Cu (II) Removal By Citric Acid Modification

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 02012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardiah ◽  
Rif’an Fathoni ◽  
Pratiwi Pudyaningtyas ◽  
Hamdania Gamu ◽  
Rinaldy
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Heavy Metal Adsorbent ◽  
The Impact

High Consumption of paper, bring the impact of the waste paper itself. And the utilization of the paper is limited to recycled products and crafts, whereas paper such as newspaper still contains cellulose that can be potential to be used as a heavy metal adsorbent. In this study, newspaper was dissolved in sodium bicarbonate to reduce various impurities and then was reacted with citric acid (CA). The modified adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and was tested for adsorb Cu(II) in artificial solution. After adsorption process, the solution was filtered and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The adsorption experimental data was fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich for equilibrium model and was fitted to pseudo first order reaction and pseudo second order reaction for kinetic studies. The result showed that CA-modification newspaper able to remove heavy metals Cu(II) in solution.

scholarly journals The Impact of Moringa Leaves, Katuk Leaves and Oxytocin Massage on Quantity and Quality of Mother's Milk as Patients Health Center in Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psychological Disturbances ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Postpartum Mothers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

The problem of breastfeeding is part of the problem of discomfort in postpartum mothers for 2 hours after giving birth. This problem often causes trauma to postpartum mothers during breastfeeding, psychological disturbances, and increases morbidity in the mother and baby due to inadequate breast milk. The practice of Oxytocin massage, Moringa leaves and Katuk leaves at the same time can improve the quantity and quality of breast milk in maternal patients with 36-40 weeks' gestation. This type of research is quantitative research. Respondents numbered 30 were selected by determining purposive sampling in each group consisting of 10 mothers. Data were analyzed using a Paired t-test and Independent sample t-test with an α level of 0.05. The results showed that there was an increase in the quantity of breastfeeding. On the 3rd day, the quantity of breast milk with volume of 45 cc. In the week I with a volume of 10.50 cc, week II 86.50 cc, week III 168.50 cc and week IV as much as 275 cc. It shows that there are differences in quality on days 3 to week IV. The results of data analysis also showed that the 3rd day the quality of breast milk is rather yellow and rather thick, then the first week to the third week rather yellow and thin. At week IV, the quality of breast milk is white and runny. There is an increase in the quality and quantity of breast milk in all three groups.

scholarly journals The impact of promoting intergenerational synergy on the work engagement of older employees in Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-34
Author(s):  
Maja Rožman ◽  
Sonja Treven ◽  
Vesna Čančer
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
New Variables ◽  
The Impact

Generational differences present a new aspect of diversity among employees in the workplace. The increasing number of older employees and negative attitudes of younger employees toward them create the need for better understanding between generations and the need to improve mutual cooperation among age-diverse employees in an organisation. The main objective of the paper is to determine the impact of intergenerational synergy on the work engagement of older employees in Slovenia. For this purpose, empirical research was conducted in medium-sized and large companies among employers and older employees in Slovenia. Factor analysis was used to replace a large number of statements with a smaller number of factors - new variables with which we performed a simple linear regression. Based on the results, we confirmed the hypothesis that promoting intergenerational synergy in companies has a statistically significant positive impact on the work engagement of older employees in Slovenia. In this context, companies should take the following measures: eliminate discrimination of older employees, promote intergenerational synergy, and promote intergenerational understanding between young and older employees.

scholarly journals Impact of Planned Teaching Program on COVID- 19 Vaccination in Terms of Knowledge and Attitude among the People in Selected Rural Area of Nadiad Taluka

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Patel Shivangi ◽  
Pateliya Jahnvi ◽  
Makwana Pinal ◽  
Chavda Surbhi ◽  
Mahida Rajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

Introduction: Vaccination is intended to prevent diseases. Vaccines saves 2-3 million lives every year. A COVID-19 vaccine is one of the best way to provide acquired immunity against COVID -19. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program in terms of knowledge and attitude [1]. Objective: To assess the impact of planned teaching program on COVID- 19 vaccination in terms of knowledge and attitude among the rural people. Method: A quantitative study with one group pre test post test design was conducted at various rural places of Nadiad Taluka. A total 60 people were enrolled in to the study. A structured knowledge questionnaire and likert attitude scale was built that contained information regarding COVID 19 vaccination. The effect of teaching program was analyzed by statically Results: T-test and chi square test was used to find the association with selected demographic variables. In the knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccination range was 8, mean was 0.849 standard deviation was 0.357, standard error mean was 0.0595. In the attitude range was 33, mean was 4.345, standard deviation was 0.797, standard error mean was 0.132. A knowledge paired t-test value was 5.30 and the attitude paired t-test value was 6.57 was. Conclusion: The planned teaching program was effective in increasing knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccination among the rural people of Nadiad Taluka.

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