Ceramic composite with gentamicin decreases persistent infection and increases bone formation in a rat model of debrided osteomyelitis

Abstract. Introduction: Current methods of managing osteomyelitic voids after debridement are inadequate and result in significant morbidity to patients. Synthetic ceramic void fillers are appropriate for non-infected bone defects but serve as a nidus of re-infection in osteomyelitis after debridement. CERAMENT G (CG) is an injectable ceramic bone void filler which contains gentamicin and is currently being evaluated for use in osteomyelitic environments after debridement due to its theoretical ability to serve as a scaffold for healing while eliminating residual bacteria after debridement through the elution of antibiotics. The goal of this study was to evaluate (1) the rate of persistent infection and (2) new bone growth of a debrided osteomyelitic defect in a rat model which has been treated with either gentamicin-impregnated ceramic cement (CERAMENT G) or the same void filler without antibiotics (CERAMENT, CBVF). Methods: Osteomyelitis was generated in the proximal tibia of Sprague Dawley rats, subsequently debrided, and the defect filled with either (1) CG (n=20), (2) CBVF (n=20), or (3) nothing (n=20). Each group was euthanized after 6 weeks. Infection was detected through bacterial culture and histology. Bone growth was quantified using microCT. Results: Infection was not detected in defects treated with CG as compared with 35 % of defects (7/20) treated with CBVF and 50 % (10/20) of empty defects (p=0.001). Bone volume in the defect of CG-treated rats was greater than the CBVF (0.21 vs. 0.17, p=0.021) and empty groups (0.21 vs. 0.11, p<0.001) at 6 weeks after implantation. Conclusions: Ceramic void filler with gentamicin (CERAMENT G) decreased the rate of persistent infection and increased new bone growth as compared to the same void filler without antibiotics (CERAMENT) and an empty defect in a rat model of debrided osteomyelitis.

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EFFECT OF WITHDRAWAL OF GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON LONGITUDINAL BONE GROWTH IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0750011 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 11-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K.-G. Thorngren ◽

L. I. Hansson

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Plate ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Proximal Tibia ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Cell Production ◽

Longitudinal Bone Growth ◽

Hormone Administration ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

ABSTRACT Bovine growth hormone was given daily for 10 days to female Sprague-Dawley rats hypophysectomized at the age of 60 days, beginning 15 days post-operatively. Longitudinal bone growth, studied in the proximal tibia, was reactivated and continued at an accelerating rate during the period of hormone administration and for a further 5 days after its withdrawal, but then ceased. The effect of withdrawal of growth hormone on the width of the growth plate of proximal tibia, the size of its degenerative cells, and the weight of body and heart was also studied. The cell production in the proximal growth plate of tibia was calculated. The changes in longitudinal bone growth were found to be due mainly to changes in cell production in the growth plate.

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BIOASSAY OF GROWTH HORMONE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0750669 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 669-682 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K.-G. Thorngren ◽

L. I. Hansson

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Control Period ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Hormone Administration ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Operative Control ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

ABSTRACT The growth stimulating effect of growth hormone was determined with tetracycline as intravital marker of the longitudinal bone growth of proximal tibia in female Sprague-Dawley rats hypophysectomized at 60 days of age. After a post-operative control period of 15 days growth hormone (NIH-GH-B16) was given daily for 5 or 10 days followed by a 10 day period after its withdrawal. L-thyroxine was given in association with the growth hormone administration to potentiate the growth stimulation. A linear log dose-response relation was found for the two administration models with a high precision. The thyroxine-treatment increased the sensitivity of the bioassay. An administration period of 5 days was found sufficient for the bioassay of growth hormone in thyroxine-treated hypophysectomized rats. Compared with the earlier bioassay methods for growth hormone, the present bioassay is more favourable when all the factors, such as precision, sensitivity, specificity, and administration period are considered.

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Buprenorphine alleviation of pain does not compromise the rat monoarthritic pain model

Scandinavian Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.04.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 167-167

Author(s):

M.S. Berke ◽

Klas S.P. Abelson

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Joint Stiffness ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Pain Tolerance ◽

Control Group ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

A Minor

Abstract Aims This study investigated the effects of buprenorphine treatment on pain and welfare parameters and model specific parameters in a rat model of monoarthritis to eliminate unnecessary pain from this model. Methods 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (1) A negative control without arthritis receiving no analgesia. (2) A positive monoarthritic control group receiving no analgesia, but subcutaneous saline injections twice a day. (3) A positive control with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous carprofen once a day and saline once a day. (4) A group with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine twice a day. Monoarthritis was induced with an injection of 0.02 ml Complete Freund’s Adjuvant intra-articularly in the left tibiotarsal joint. Treatment with analgesia was initiated at day 15 and the rats were euthanized at day 23. Results The induced monoarthritis elicited a pronounced acute inflammation. Several parameters such as bodyweight, mobility, stance, joint-stiffness and lameness scores were affected. A marked mechanical hyperalgesia in the tarsal area was observed by Electronic Von Frey testing, but no severe compromise of the animal welfare was seen at any time. Signs of chronic development began to appear from day 10 after the monoarthritic induction. No significant change in serum cytokines and faecal corticosterone measurements was found after administration of buprenorphine. A minor decrease in body weight was seen, and a higher pain tolerance to mechanical stimuli was observed, indicating pain alleviation. The histological examination confirmed monoarthritic development in all monoarthritic rats and revealed periarticular lesions suggesting diffusion of adjuvant from intra-articular injection site to the periphery. Conclusions The study demonstrated that buprenorphine has an analgesic effect in the adjuvant induced monoarthritic rat model, without obvious interference with the development of arthritis.

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Mumefural Improves Blood Flow in a Rat Model of FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3795

Author(s):

Jihye Bang ◽

Won Kyung Jeon

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Rat Model ◽

Arterial Thrombosis ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Fiber Damage ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Related Proteins

Mumefural (MF), a bioactive component of the processed fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc, is known to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by agonists in vitro. In this study, we investigated the anti-thrombotic effects of MF using a rat model of FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis. Sprague–Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with MF (0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg) 30 min before 35% FeCl3 treatment to measure the time to occlusion using a laser Doppler flowmeter and to assess the weight of the blood vessels containing thrombus. MF treatment significantly improved blood flow by inhibiting occlusion and thrombus formation. MF also prevented collagen fiber damage in injured vessels and inhibited the expression of the platelet activation-related proteins P-selectin and E-selectin. Moreover, MF significantly reduced the increased inflammatory signal of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 in blood vessels. After administration, MF was detected in the plasma samples of rats with a bioavailability of 36.95%. Therefore, we suggest that MF may improve blood flow as a candidate component in dietary supplements for improving blood flow and preventing blood circulation disorders.

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The effects of loading and estrogen on rat bone growth

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00989.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 108 (6) ◽

pp. 1737-1744 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Olli V. Leppänen ◽

Harri Sievänen ◽

Jarkko Jokihaara ◽

Ilari Pajamäki ◽

Pekka Kannus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Growth ◽

Rat Femur ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bone Mineral Mass ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Sciatic Neurectomy ◽

Periosteal Surface ◽

Axial Growth ◽

Mineral Mass

This study evaluated the contributions of locomotive loading and estrogen to the development of diaphysis of rat femur. A randomized 2 × 2 study design was used. Altogether, 70 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 10 were euthanized at entry. Of the remaining rats, 16 served as controls, and the rest, 44, underwent a unilateral sciatic neurectomy. The effect of estrogen was removed by ovariectomizing one-half of the neurectomized rats. After 27 wk, the animals were euthanized, and the femora were excised. Irrespective of loading or estrogen, the femur length and mineral mass increased by 142 and 687%, respectively. Axial growth was not modulated either by locomotive loading or estrogen, but the loading resulted in direction-specific changes in the cross-sectional geometry. The estrogen-related gains were evident on the endocortical surface, while the loading-related gains occurred on the periosteal surface. The loading and estrogen were significantly associated with increased bone strength (21 and 15%, respectively) in the mediolateral direction, but not in the anteroposterior direction. Axial growth and accrual of bone mineral mass of the rat femur are largely independent of locomotive loading or estrogen, whereas these factors specifically account for the femur function, as either a mechanical lever or a mineral reservoir for reproduction, respectively.

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The Customizable E-cigarette Resistance Influences Toxicological Outcomes: Lung Degeneration, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress-Induced in a Rat Model

Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.1093/toxsci/kfz176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 172 (1) ◽

pp. 132-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Silvia Cirillo ◽

Fabio Vivarelli ◽

Eleonora Turrini ◽

Carmela Fimognari ◽

Sabrina Burattini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Rat Model ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Pulmonary Inflammation ◽

Bronchial Epithelium ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Public Health Agencies ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Abstract Despite the knowledge gap regarding the risk-benefit ratio of the electronic cigarette (e-cig), its use has grown exponentially, even in teenagers. E-cig vapor contains carcinogenic compounds (eg, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) and free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause toxicological effects, including DNA damage. The role of e-cig voltage customization on molecule generation has been reported, but the effects of the resistance on e-cig emissions and toxicity are unknown. Here, we show that the manipulation of e-cig resistance influences the carbonyls production from nonnicotine vapor and the oxidative and inflammatory status in a rat model. Fixing the voltage at the conventional 3.5 V, we observed that the amount of the selected aldehydes increased as the resistance decreased from 1.5 to 0.25 Ω. Under these conditions, we exposed Sprague Dawley rats to e-cig aerosol for 28 days, and we studied the pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue damage, and blood homeostasis. We found a perturbation of the antioxidant and phase II enzymes, probably related to the increased ROS levels due to the enhanced xanthine oxidase and P450-linked monooxygenases. Furthermore, frames from scanning electron microscope showed a disorganization of alveolar and bronchial epithelium in 0.25 Ω group. Overall, various toxicological outcomes, widely recognized as smoke-related injuries, can potentially occur in e-cig consumers who use low-voltage and resistance device. Our study suggests that certain “tips for vaping safety” cannot be established, and encourages further independent investigations to help public health agencies in regulating the e-cig use.

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Seoritae Extract Reduces Prostate Weight and Suppresses Prostate Cell Proliferation in a Rat Model of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/475876 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hoon Jang ◽

Woong-Jin Bae ◽

Seung-Mo Yuk ◽

Dong-Seok Han ◽

U-Syn Ha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Rat Model ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Prostate Hyperplasia ◽

Prostate Cell ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Prostate Weight ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Health Promoting

Seoritae is a type of black soybean that is known to have health-promoting effects due to its high isoflavone and anthocyanin contents. We evaluated whether Seoritae extract (SE) had beneficial effects on the reduction of prostate weight in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH was induced by intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate once a week for 5 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats, and rats were treated with or without daily oral doses of SE during BPH induction. After 5 weeks, the oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine), apoptosis (caspase-3), and activity of 5-alpha reductase were evaluated in the serum and prostate. The SE treatment group showed a significant decrease in prostate weight, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and 5-alpha reductase activity compared to the nontreated BPH group. These results show that SE is effective in decreasing the weight and proliferation of the prostate, and suggest that SE may be an effective treatment for BPH.

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Association between Chronic Acetaminophen Exposure and Allergic Rhinitis in a Rat Model

Allergy & Rhinology ◽

10.2500/ar.2015.6.0131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. ar.2015.6.0131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadieska Caballero ◽

Kevin C. Welch ◽

Patrick S. Carpenter ◽

Swati Mehrotra ◽

Tom F. O'Connell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Rat Model ◽

Group Versus ◽

Inferior Turbinate ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

Background Several population studies demonstrated an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in patients exposed to acetaminophen. However, no histologic studies have been conducted to assess the relationship between acetaminophen exposure and allergic rhinitis. Objective In this study, we investigated the association between chronic acetaminophen exposure and the development of allergic rhinitis in a rat model. Methods Ten female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 5) or an acetaminophen group (n = 5). The acetaminophen group received 200 mg/kg/day of acetaminophen suspended in yogurt via oral gavage for 120 days. The control group received only the yogurt vehicle. Allergic behavioral responses, including nose rub, eye rub, ear scratching, and neck and/or face scratching, were quantified. The rats were killed, and the noses were harvested. The portion of the nose, including the nasal septum and the inferior turbinates, was embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to quantify the inflammatory infiltrate. Results The average number of allergic responses per animal was 13.2 in the acetaminophen group versus 6.2 in the control group (p = 0.032). All the rats in the acetaminophen group (100%) had mast cells infiltrating the lamina propria of the inferior turbinate, whereas mast cells were detected in only 40% of the animals in the control group. The average number of mast cells per animal in the acetaminophen group was 134 versus 21 in the control group (p = 0.048). Conclusions Our study was the first to demonstrate a histologic association between chronic exposure to acetaminophen and rhinitis. Further research to elucidate the mechanism that underlies these findings is necessary.

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Effect of Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang on Hippocampus mRNA Expression of the Inflammation-Related Genes IL-1β, GFAP, and Aβin an Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9267653 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dan-Dan Mao ◽

Wen-Yu Yang ◽

Yan Li ◽

Jian-Wei Lin ◽

Shi-Yu Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Particle Deposition ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

High Doses

Objective. To investigate the effects of QKF on expression of amyloid-beta (Aβ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using a rat model of AD.Materials and Methods. Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (eight rats each): control group, sham-operated group, AD model group, groups of AD rats administered with low, medium, and high doses of QKF, and the donepezil group. AD was established by bilateral injection ofβ-amyloid (Aβ) 1–40 into the hippocampus. Two days after AD was established, drugs were administered by gavage. After 14 days of treatment, we used RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to measure the transcript expression and protein abundance of Aβ, IL-1β, and GFAP, and methenamine silver staining was used to detect amyloid protein particle deposition.Results. Compared to the control group, the rats from the AD model group showed significantly greater expression levels of Aβ, IL-1β, and GFAP. However, these differences in expression were abolished by treatment with QKF or donepezil.Conclusion. QKF possesses therapeutic potential against AD because it downregulated Aβ, IL-1β, and GFAP in the hippocampus of AD rats. Future studies should further examine the mechanisms through which QKF produces its effects and the consequences of long-term QKF administration.

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