scholarly journals Intense precipitation events in the Central range of the Iberian Peninsula

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mora García ◽  
Jesus Riesco Martín ◽  
José Miguel Sánchez Llorente ◽  
Luís Rivas Soriano ◽  
Fernando de Pablo Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Precipitation Events ◽  
High Range

Abstract. Intense orographic precipitation associated with the Central range was analysed using data from 19 episodes, with the highest average values for the study area, of precipitation accumulated within 24 h, occurring between years 1958 to 2010. All events were associated with a south-westerly tropospheric flow, a low level jet, and high moisture flux at low levels. The observed moisture flux was higher than 100 m g (s kg)−1 and the dry and wet Froude numbers were greater than 1. The selected area to study this synoptic situation was Gredos, broad and high range, which is located in the eastern part of the Central mountain range and generates leeward orographic shadow. The effect of the Central range on the spatial distribution of precipitation on the Iberian Peninsula plateau results in a sharp increase in precipitation in the south of the Central mountain range, followed by a decrease to the north of this range.

scholarly journals Intense precipitation events in the Central Range of the Iberian Peninsula

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2289-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mora García ◽  
Jesús Riesco Martín ◽  
José Miguel Sánchez Llorente ◽  
Luis Rivas Soriano ◽  
Fernando de Pablo Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Precipitation Events ◽  
High Range

Abstract. Intense orographic precipitation associated with the Central Range was analysed using data of maximum accumulated precipitation in 24 h, occurring between 1958 and 2010. The 18 selected episodes were associated with a southwesterly tropospheric flow, a low-level jet, and high moisture flux at low levels. The observed moisture flux was higher than 100 (m g(s kg)−1) and the dry and wet Froude numbers were greater than 1. The selected area to study this synoptic situation was Gredos, broad and high range, which is located in the eastern part of the Central Range and generates a leeward orographic shadow. The effect of the Central Range on the spatial distribution of precipitation on the Iberian Peninsula plateau results in a sharp increase in precipitation in the south of the Central Range, followed by a decrease to the north of this range.

scholarly journals Before the Celts: Cosmology, Landscape and Folklore in Neolithic Northwest Iberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Fabio Silva
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Celtic Studies ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Northwest Iberia

This paper applies a combined landscape and skyscape archaeology methodology to the study of megalithic passage graves in the North-west of the Iberian Peninsula, in an attempt to glimpse the cosmology of these Neolithic Iberians. The reconstructed narrative is found to be supported also by a toponym for a local mountain range and associated folklore, providing an interesting methodology that might be applied in future Celtic studies. The paper uses this data to comment on the ‘Celticization from the West’ hypothesis that posits Celticism originated in the European Atlantic façade during the Bronze Age. If this is the case, then the Megalithic phenomenon that was widespread along the Atlantic façade would have immediately preceded the first Celts.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Flow Patterns Associated with Extreme Precipitation and Atmospheric Rivers over Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imme Benedict ◽  
Karianne Ødemark ◽  
Thomas Nipen ◽  
Richard Moore
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Fuzzy Cluster ◽  
The South ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
The North ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract A climatology of extreme cold season precipitation events in Norway from 1979 to 2014 is presented, based on the 99th percentile of the 24-h accumulated precipitation. Three regions, termed north, west, and south are identified, each exhibiting a unique seasonal distribution. There is a proclivity for events to occur during the positive phase of the NAO. The result is statistically significant at the 95th percentile for the north and west regions. An overarching hypothesis of this work is that anomalous moisture flux, or so-called atmospheric rivers (ARs), are integral to extreme precipitation events during the Norwegian cold season. An objective analysis of the integrated vapor transport illustrates that more than 85% of the events are associated with ARs. An empirical orthogonal function and fuzzy cluster technique is used to identify the large-scale weather patterns conducive to the moisture flux and extreme precipitation. Five days before the event and for each of the three regions, two patterns are found. The first represents an intense, southward-shifted jet with a southwest–northeast orientation. The second identifies a weak, northward-shifted, zonal jet. As the event approaches, regional differences become more apparent. The distinctive flow pattern conducive to orographically enhanced precipitation emerges in the two clusters for each region. For the north and west regions, this entails primarily zonal flow impinging upon the south–north-orientated topography, the difference being the latitude of the strong flow. In contrast, the south region exhibits a significant southerly component to the flow.

scholarly journals Thermal potential of a geothermal earth-to-air heat exchanger in six climatic conditions of México

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
M. Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
J. Xamán ◽  
Y. Chávez ◽  
I. Hernández-Pérez ◽  
E. Simá
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poor Ventilation

In this paper, the thermal and ventilation potential of a geothermal Earth-to-Air Heat exchanger (EAHE) is studied for six weather in Mexico. The cities for the study and their climate were Villahermosa (hot-humid), Merida (hot-sub humid), Monterrey (dry), Juarez City (very dry), Zacualtipan-Hidalgo (warm-humid) and Mexico City (warm-sub-humid). The thermal behavior of the EAHE was modeled numerically for the corresponding warmest and coldest days of the year for each city and three values of Reynolds number. The 24 hrs simulations were carried out with an in-house code using data every 10 minutes. To get the results, 5,184 computational runs were necessary. The results showed that the EAHE has poor ventilation potential for climates with high levels of humidity such as Villahermosa, while for cities with low levels of humidity such as Chihuahua, the ventilation potential increases significantly, the rest of the cities fall in between. As for its application in Mexico, the results show that the EAHE is highly recommended for dry climates such as at the north of the country and not recommended for humid climates such as at the south and south-east of the country.

scholarly journals A Great Step Forward. Lithic Raw Material Procurement and Management among Palaeolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Basque Crossroads

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite García-Rojas ◽  
Eder Dominguez-Ballesteros ◽  
Alejandro Prieto ◽  
Aitor Calvo ◽  
Aitor Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Ebro Valley ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social

This paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the historiographic evolution of the study of prehistoric lithic raw materials in the Basque Crossroads (in the north of the Iberian Peninsula) during the last three decades. The second section explains the currently available information about geological outcrops of flint in the eastern end of the Cantabrian Mountain range (the Basque-Cantabrian Basin), the upper Ebro valley and both sides of the western Pyrenees, in the central part of the northern Iberian Peninsula, as that was the main raw material used by hunter-gatherer groups in the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. Finally, the last section describes the way in which progress in both aspects of research have enabled the introduction of new concepts and perspectives in the reconstruction of the social and economic dynamics of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. This has given rise to an innovative methodology that is able to address and solve important issues, particularly regarding mobility and territoriality patterns of those human groups, allowing the proposal of mobility and territoriality models that, while they will not match exactly the systems used by Upper Palaeolithic communities, represent significant progress in understanding the social and economic dynamics of hunter-gatherer groups.

scholarly journals Rapid and sudden advection of warm and dry air in the Mediterranean basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3735-3762
Author(s):  
J. Mazon ◽  
D. Pino ◽  
M. Barriendos
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
The North ◽  
American Meteorological Society ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. Rapid advection of extremely warm and dry air is studied during two events in the Mediterranean basin. On 27 August 2010 a rapid advection of extremely warm and dry air affected the northeast Iberian Peninsula during few hours. At the Barcelona city center, the temperature reached 39.3 °C, which is the maximum temperature value recorded during 230 yr of daily data series. On 23 March 2008 a similar synoptic situation was the cause of a rapid increase of temperature and drop of relative humidity recorded for few hours in Heraklion (Crete). During the morning on that day the recorded temperature reaches 34 °C for several hours in the north coastline of this island. According to the World Meteorological Organization none of these events can be classified as a heat wave, which requires at least two days of abnormally high temperatures; or as a heat burst as defined by the American Meteorological Society, where abnormal temperatures take place over a few minutes. For this reason, we suggest naming this type of event flash heat. By using data from automatic weather stations in the Barcelona and Heraklion area and WRF mesoscale numerical simulations, these events are analyzed. Additionally, the primary risks and possible impacts on several fields are presented.

The Northern Range of Trinidad

1925 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Trechmann
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
The North ◽  
Tropical Vegetation ◽  
High Range

The northern mountain range of schistose rocks of the Island of Trinidad reaches an altitude of 3,012 feet in Mount Tucutche and consists of a wild and tumbled mass of ridges with deep intervening valleys clothed from top to bottom with tropical vegetation, the abode of a practically undisturbed fauna and flora. Westwards the range is continued in the rugged and precipitous islands of Monos, Huevos, and Chacacare between which are the Bocas through which ships pass in entering the Gulf of Paria from the north. The entrance to the Gulf is famous for its scenic beauty. North-eastwards the schist-range reappears in the island of Tobago, but no limestones are reported to occur among the rocks there. Westwards the high range of schistose mountains continues along the northern coast of a great part of Venezuela,4 and over 800 miles further west at Santa Marta in the Kepublic of Colombia I have seen a series of schists very similar in lithology to those that form the northern range of Trinidad.

scholarly journals The Role of Moisture in Summertime Low-Level Jet Formation and Associated Rainfall over the East Asian Monsoon Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 3871-3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruidan Chen ◽  
Lorenzo Tomassini
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
North China ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Moisture Flux Convergence ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Jet

Abstract The southwesterly low-level jet (LLJ) located to the east of the Tibetan Plateau in southern China plays an important role in summertime convective initiation over north China. This study adopts a novel perspective and uses hindcast experiments in order to investigate the role of moisture in LLJ and associated heavy rainfall formation, employing a global atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). In the sensitivity experiments, an increase of humidity in the inflow region leads to a weaker LLJ but stronger diurnal wind oscillations. The weaker LLJ is due to a decreased lower-tropospheric east–west pressure gradient resulting from a low pressure anomaly over southeastern China induced by deep convection and related condensational heating. On the other hand, the stronger diurnal variation of the LLJ originates from stronger day-and-night thermal differences over the sloping terrain, which is related to drier conditions over the mountain range. Moreover, the increased humidity and decreased LLJ counteract one another to impact precipitation in the outflow region. The change of precipitation is mainly determined by the altered moisture flux divergence. If the increase in humidity dominates, then the moisture flux convergence is enhanced and favors more precipitation over north China. Otherwise, if the decreased LLJ dominates, then the moisture flux convergence is reduced, which constrains precipitation. It is highlighted that the moist diabatic and dynamic processes are intimately coupled, and that a correct simulation of moisture flux convergence is vital for AGCMs to reproduce the LLJ-related precipitation, particularly the nocturnal precipitation peak, which is a deficiency in many current models.

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA K-Modes UNTUK MENENTUKAN STRATEGI MARKETING STMIK BUDI DARMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewin Karman Nduru ◽  
Efori Buulolo ◽  
Pristiwanto Pristiwanto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Process Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
North Sumatra

Universities or institutions that operate in North Sumatra are very many, therefore, of course, competition in accepting new students is very tight, universities or institutions do certain ways or steps to be able to compete with other campuses in gaining interest from community or high school students who will continue their studies to a higher level. STMIK BUDI DARMA Medan (College of Information and Computer Management), is the first computer high school in Medan which was established on March 1, 1996 and received approval from the government through the Minister of Education and Culture, on July 23, 1996 with operating license number 48 / D / O / 1996, in promoting the campus, the team usually formed a promotion team to various regions in the North Sumatra Region to provide information to the community. Students who have learned in this campus are quite a lot who come from various regions in North Sumatra, from this point the need to process data from students who are active in college to be processed using data mining to achieve a target, one method that can be used in data mining, namely the ¬K-Modes clustering (grouping) algorithm. This method is a grouping of student data that will be a help to campus students in promoting, using the K-Modes algorithm is expected to help and become a reference for marketing in determining the marketing strategy STMIK Budi Darma MedanKeywords: STMIK Budi Darma, Marketing Strategy, K-Modes Algorithm.

scholarly journals A Prototype Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Algorithm for Operational S-Band Polarimetric Radar Utilizing Specific Attenuation and Specific Differential Phase. Part II: Performance Verification and Case Study Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Cocks ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Alexander Ryzhkov ◽  
Brian Kaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Specific Attenuation ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Bias Ratio ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract The quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) algorithm developed and described in Part I was validated using data collected from 33 Weather Surveillance Radar 1988-Doppler (WSR-88D) radars on 37 calendar days east of the Rocky Mountains. A key physical parameter to the algorithm is the parameter alpha α, defined as the ratio of specific attenuation A to specific differential phase KDP. Examination of a significant sample of tropical and continental precipitation events indicated that α was sensitive to changes in drop size distribution and exhibited lower (higher) values when there were lower (higher) concentrations of larger (smaller) rain drops. As part of the performance assessment, the prototype algorithm generated QPEs utilizing a real-time estimated and a fixed α were created and evaluated. The results clearly indicated ~26% lower errors and a 26% better bias ratio with the QPE utilizing a real-time estimated α as opposed to using a fixed value as was done in previous studies. Comparisons between the QPE utilizing a real-time estimated α and the operational dual-polarization (dual-pol) QPE used on the WSR-88D radar network showed the former exhibited ~22% lower errors, 7% less bias, and 5% higher correlation coefficient when compared to quality controlled gauge totals. The new QPE also provided much better estimates for moderate to heavy precipitation events and performed better in regions of partial beam blockage than the operational dual-pol QPE.

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