scholarly journals Determinants of Access and Equity in Tertiary Education: The Case of Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Ogawa ◽  
Kosuke Iimura
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Rand Corporation ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey

How does an individual choose to pursue tertiary education in Indonesia in an era of mass tertiary education? What factors affect this decision? In thisarticle, we analyze the determinants of access to tertiary education in Indonesia from the demand side using household survey data. We also examine theimpact of regional and family background factors on inequity of access to tertiary education. In order to analyze the demand side factors for tertiaryeducation, we use a multi-nominal logit model to examine what factors influence an individual’s decision to pursue a sarjana (bachelor’s) program,diploma program, or work after s/he graduates from high school. The data used is from the fourth Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS4) which wasconducted by the RAND Corporation and others between 2007 and 2008. Key findings of the analysis are as follows: (1) the education level of the head ofhousehold and family income per household member have significant positive effects on the choice of pursuing tertiary education; (2) in urban areas, theeducation level of household spouse and students’ test scores in high school are positively significant; (3) living in urban areas per se does not have acorrelation with entry into tertiary education; (4) access to bachelor’s programs for urban residents is most likely affected by the family backgroundfactors; (5) holding everything else constant, the tendency is for females to enroll in diploma programs, but not for bachelor’s programs.

The nexus between poverty and socio-economic characteristics of the household and household head: Evidence from Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Abu Bakarr Turay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Extreme Poverty

Household poverty is widespread in Sierra Leone, affecting about 6 out of every 10 persons, which calls for urgent policy action. This study used the 2018 Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey (2018 SLIHS) and a logistic model to analyze the influence of socio-economic characteristics of the household and household head on poverty. The analysis has shown that living in rural areas, having no formal education, or being unemployed, significantly increases the probability of a household being in extreme poverty. Other factors contributing to household extreme poverty status were: have a large household size with many children below 10 years, being separated from a spouse (widowed or divorced), being disabled, and working in the agriculture sector. On the other hand, the characteristics that decrease the probability of a household being poor include being a female household head, having at least secondary school education (notably tertiary education), residing in urban areas or cities, working in the services sector, and being single or married. Therefore, enhancing service delivery through a viable decentralization process, and supporting easily accessible quality education programmes, especially tertiary education, are critical for meaningful poverty reduction across all sections of the population. Keywords: Poverty, household, socio-economic characteristics, logistics model.

scholarly journals Determinan Balita Stunting di Jawa Timur: Analisis Data Pemantauan Status Gizi 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Agung Dwi Laksono ◽  
Hario Megatsari
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
College Education ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Background: Stunting in early life will have adverse functional consequences, including poor cognition and low levels of education. The study aimed to determine the determinants of stunting toddlers in East Java.Methods: The study uses secondary data from the 2017 PSG. Using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a sample of 10,814 toddlers aged 0-59 months was taken. The analyzed variables consisted of the dependent variable nutritional status of toddlers, 7 independent variables: residence, toddler age, mother's age, marital status of mothers, mother's education level, and working status of mothers. Determination of determinants using the Binary Logistic Regression test.Results: Toddlers living in urban areas were 0.855 times more at risk of stunting compared to toddlers living in rural areas (OR 0.885; 95% CI 0.798-0.980). Toddlers who have mothers with elementary education and below 2.206 times have more risk of stunting compared to toddlers who have mothers with college education (OR 2.206; 95% CI 1,835-12,651). Toddlers who have mothers with junior high school education were 1,676 times more likely to have stunting risk compared to toddlers who have mothers with tertiary education (OR 1.676; 95% CI 1.395-2.015). toddlers who have mothers with high school education are 1,266 times more likely to have stunting risk compared to toddlers who have mothers with tertiary education (OR 1,266; 95% CI 1,058-1,514).Conclusion: There were 4 variables that have proven to be significant as determinants of stunting in East Java Province, namely residence, age of toddler, age of toddler mother, and mother's level of educationABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Stunting dalam kehidupan awal akan mempunyai konsekuensi fungsional yang merugikan, termasuk kognisi yang buruk dan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah. Variabel ini perlu diperhatikan karena menurut Unicef, ada faktor sosial budaya yang berperan dalam terjadinya permasalahan stunting. Penelitian ditujukan untuk menentukan determinan balita stunting di Jawa Timur.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder survei Pemantauan Status Gizi tahun 2017 (PSG 2017). Dengan metode multi-stage cluster random sampling, diambil sampel 10.814 balita berusia 0-59 bulan. Varibel yang dianalisis terdiri dari variabel dependen status gizi balita, 7 variabel independen: tempat tinggal, umur balita, umur ibu balita, status perkawinan ibu balita, tingkat pendidikan ibu balita, dan status bekerja ibu balita. Penentuan determinan dengan menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik Biner.Hasil: Balita yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan 0,855 kali lebih memiliki risiko stunting dibandingkan dengan balita yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan (OR 0,885; 95% CI 0,798-0,980). Balita yang memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan SD ke bawah 2,206 kali lebih memiliki risiko stunting dibandingkan dengan balita yang memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan perguruan tinggi (OR 2,206; 95% CI 1,835-12,651). Balita yang memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan SLTP 1,676 kali lebih memiliki risiko stunting dibandingkan dengan balita yang memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan perguruan tinggi (OR 1,676; 95% CI 1,395-2,015). balita yang memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan SLTA 1,266 kali lebih memiliki risiko stunting dibandingkan dengan balita yang memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan perguruan tinggi (OR 1,266; 95% CI 1,058-1,514).Kesimpulan: Ada 4 variabel yang terbukti signifikan sebagai determinan kejadian stunting di Provinsi Jawa Timur, yaitu tempat tinggal, umur balita, umur ibu balita, dan tingkat pendidikan ibu balita. 

INFLUENCE OF FAMILY AND ENVIRONMENT ON STUDENTS' OCCUPATIONAL CHOICES AND EXPECTATIONS OF THEIR PROSPECTIVE UNIVERSITIES

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrin Ozdemir ◽  
Ozge Hacifazlioglu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Occupational Choices ◽  
Occupational Preferences

This study was focused mainly on students' expectations of their prospective universities, and the question of whether or not family background or social status affect their career decisions was investigated. The sample consisted of 2,459 students in their final year at high school from 17 different provinces and 182 high schools all around Turkey. Results show that parents and environment had a great influence on students' occupational preferences. It was also found that students' expectations of universities varied greatly according to their social status and family income.

Social origins, track choices and labour-market outcomes: evidence from the French case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Herbaut ◽  
Carlo Barone ◽  
Mathieu Ichou ◽  
Louis-André Vallet
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Service Class ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Benefits ◽  
Academic Qualifications

This paper examines the labour-market returns to different high school tracks in the French context. We use rich nationally representative longitudinal data running from the beginning of secondary education until entrance into the labour market: the Panel d’élèves du second degré, recrutement 1995 combined with the Entrée dans la vie adulte-EVA follow-up survey. Analysing these data, we are able to identify the consequences of track placement in high school on various labour-market outcomes controlling for social and academic selection into tracking. Our results show that academic diplomas offer higher labour-market benefits than vocational diplomas, even when adjusting for selection into tracks based on prior school performance, family background and other socio-demographic characteristics. The advantage of the academic track stays large, both for the whole group of upper secondary graduates and for those who have not achieved a tertiary degree. Our results further indicate that academic qualifications are even more rewarding for service-class graduates. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of our results for processes of intergenerational reproduction.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Secondary academic diplomas offer higher labour market benefits than vocational ones, even when adjusting for selection into tracks.</li><br /><li>The academic path is the most rewarding option in France, even among students who do not complete tertiary education.</li><br /><li>Secondary academic qualifications are even more rewarding for service class graduates, in terms of boosting access to service class jobs.</li></ul>

Mobilizing for Some

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffael Heiss ◽  
Jörg Matthes
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Media ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of politicians’ nonparticipatory and participatory Facebook posts on young people’s political efficacy – a key determinant of political participation. We employed an experimental design, using a sample of N = 125 high school students (15–20 years). Participants either saw a Facebook profile with no posts (control condition), nonparticipatory posts, or participatory posts. While nonparticipatory posts did not affect participants’ political efficacy, participatory posts exerted distinct effects. For those high in trait evaluations of the politician presented in the stimulus material or low in political cynicism, we found significant positive effects on external and collective efficacy. By contrast, for those low in trait evaluations or high in cynicism, we found significant negative effects on external and collective efficacy. We did not find any effects on internal efficacy. The importance of content-specific factors and individual predispositions in assessing the influence of social media use on participation is discussed.

scholarly journals Transition from Emotional to Rational Advertising for Food Products on the Romanian Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A.F. Jităreanu ◽  
Elena Leonte ◽  
A. Chiran ◽  
Benedicta Drobotă
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Brand Advertising ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Advertising helps to establish a set of assumptions that the consumer will bring to all other aspects of their engagement with a given brand. Advertising provides tangible evidence of the financial credibility and competitive presence of an organization. Persuasion is becoming more important in advertising. In marketing, persuasive advertising acts to establish wants/motivations and beliefs/attitudes by helping to formulate a conception of the brand as being one which people like those in the target audience would or should prefer. Considering the changes in lifestyle and eating habits of a significant part of the population in urban areas in Romania, the paper aims to analyse how brands manage to differentiate themselves from competitors, to reposition themselves on the market and influence consumers, meeting their increasingly varied needs. Food brands on the Romanian market are trying, lately, to identify new methods of differentiation and new benefits for their buyers. Given that more and more consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about what they eat and the products’ health effects, brands struggle to highlight the fact that their products offer real benefits for the body. The advertisements have become more diversified and underline the positive effects, from the health and well - being point of view, that those foods offer (no additives and preservatives, use of natural ingredients, various vitamins and minerals or the fact that they are dietary). Advertising messages’ diversification is obvious on the Romanian market, in the context of an increasing concern of the population for the growing level of information of some major consumer segments.

scholarly journals Decomposition of Water Footprint of Food Consumption in Typical East Chinese Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Ruogu Huang ◽  
Xiangyang Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yaohao Tang ◽  
Jianyi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
City Development ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Per Capita

Water scarcity has put pressure on city development in China. With a particular focus on urban and rural effects, logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition (LMDI) was used to analyze the water footprint per capita (WFP) of food consumption in five East China cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Qingdao, and Xiamen) from 2008 to 2018. Results show that the WFP of food consumption exhibited an upward tendency among all cities during the research period. Food consumption structure contributed the most to the WFP growth, mainly due to urban and rural residents’ diet shift toward a livestock-rich style. Except in Beijing, the food consumption level mainly inhibited the WFP growth due to the decrease in food consumption level per capita in urban areas. Urbanization had less influence on WFP growth for two megacities (Beijing and Shanghai) due to the strictly controlled urban population inflow policy and more positive effects for other cities. The water footprint intensity effect among cities was mainly due to uneven water-saving efficiency. Meanwhile, Beijing and Tianjin have achieved advancement in water utilization efficiency.

Do primary school libraries affect teenagers’ attitudes towards leisure reading?

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522098335
Author(s):  
Pamela McKirdy
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Family Background ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Leisure Reading ◽  
Reading For Pleasure

This study explores how New Zealand primary school students’ experiences of school libraries affected their attitudes towards reading for pleasure once they entered secondary school. Two hundred and seventy-six students in their first year at high school completed a survey asking about their primary school libraries. The students were asked to self-identify as keen readers, occasional readers or non-readers. The results were analysed in a spreadsheet, considering variables such as attitude to reading, former school and family background. The students were mainly positive about their libraries, but were bothered by cramped and noisy environments and books they perceived as babyish. Students from schools with a librarian were more positive about reading for fun than those from schools where the library was not prioritised. Students from a family background where reading was encouraged were more likely to maintain a positive attitude to reading by the time they reached high school.

scholarly journals Rural Aboriginal high school students' views of their future tertiary education

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jessica Howard ◽  
Jacob Jeffery ◽  
Lucie Walters ◽  
Elsa Barton
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Students ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
Relationship Networks

Abstract In the context of a stark discrepancy in the educational outcomes of Aboriginal Australians compared to non-Aboriginal Australians, this article aims to contribute the voices of rural Aboriginal high school students to the discourse. This article utilises an appreciative enquiry approach to analyse the opinions and aspirations of 12 Aboriginal high school students in a South Australian regional centre. Drawing on student perspectives from semi-structured interviews, this article contributes to and contextualises the growing body of literature regarding educational aspirations. It demonstrates how rurality influences a complex system of intrinsic attributes, relationship networks and contextual factors. It offers an important counterpoint to discourses surrounding academic disadvantage and highlights the lived experience of rural Aboriginal Australians.

scholarly journals The effects of mother’s education on achieving exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Dwi Laksono ◽  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Mursyidul Ibad ◽  
Ina Kusrini
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Mother's Education

Abstract Background Even though the Indonesian government have set regulations for maintaining exclusive breastfeeding practices, the coverage remains low. The study aims to analyze the effects of mother’s education level on the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Methods This study used data from the 2017 Nutrition Status Monitoring Survey. It covered data of 53,528 children under 5 years old (7–59 months) as the samples. Variables included exclusive breastfeeding status, mother’s education level, mother’s age, marital status, employment status, gender, residence, under five’s age and gender. A binary logistics regression was performed in the final test. Results Mothers who graduated from elementary school were 1.167 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who never attended schools. Additionally, those who graduated from junior high school had 1.203 times possibilities to give exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers without educational records. While, mothers who graduated from high school were 1.177 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to those without educational records. Mothers who graduated from tertiary education had 1.203 times more possibilities to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who were never enrolled to schools. Other variables also became affecting predictors on exclusive breastfeeding, such as mother’s age, mother’s employment status, child’s age, and residence. Conclusions The mother’s education level positively affects exclusive breastfeeding practice in Indonesia.

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