scholarly journals The continued citation of retracted publications in dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole R. Theis-Mahon ◽  
Caitlin J. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Positive Animal

Objective: Publications are retracted for many reasons, but the continued use and citation of retracted publications presents a problem for future research. This study investigated retractions in the dental literature to understand the characteristics of retracted publications, the reasons for their retractions, and the nature and context of their citations after retraction.Methods: In September 2018, the authors identified retracted dentistry publications using the Retraction Watch database. Citations to those publications were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science. Characteristics of retracted publications and their citations were collected, including study design, reasons for retraction, and nature of citation (positive, negative, or neutral). We used chi-square tests to determine if there were notable differences between retracted publications that were cited following retraction and those that were not, and if there were relationships between the nature of the citation, the study design of the original publication, and its reason for retraction.Results: Of the 136 retracted publications, 84 were cited after retraction. When restricted to English language, 81 retracted publications received citations from 685 publications. Only 5.4% of the citations noted the retracted status of the original publication, while 25.3% of citations were neutral and 69.3% were positive. Animal studies were more likely to be uncited after retraction, while in vitro studies and randomized controlled trials were more likely to be cited. Retracted publications that were cited negatively were more likely to have been retracted due to scientific distortion than those that were cited positively or neutrally. Retracted publications that were cited negatively were also more likely to be observational studies than those cited positively or neutrally.Conclusion: Retracted publications in dentistry are continually cited positively following their retraction, regardless of their study designs or reasons for retraction. This indicates that the continued citation of retracted publications in this field cannot be isolated to certain research methods or misconduct but is, instead, a more widespread issue.

scholarly journals Predictors of Language Learners’ Preferences for Isolated/Integrated FFI: Big Five NEO-FFI Personality Traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Sabourian Zadeh ◽  
Maryam Naderi Farsani ◽  
Masoume Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
English Language ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Focus On Form ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

<p>With regard to increasing attention to focus on form in English language teaching, there has been a call for an integration of meaning-focused and form-focused instruction in the second language (L2) classroom. In this regard, this study is an attempt to examine the cross-relationship between Big Five personality traits (namely Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) and EFL leaners’ preferences for two types of form-focused Instruction (FFI). The data is collected from 236 Iranian male and female who were EFL learners of different language institutes in Tehran, Iran. Participants were supposed to fill out the adopted Persian version of NEO-FFI personality trait inventory and Students’ preferences questionnaire. To substantiate a correlation between participants’ preferences for isolated/integrated FFI and Big Five personality traits, using 16th version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the Chi-square analysis was employed. The results indicated a significant relationship (<em>χ</em><sup>2</sup>(4, n=236)=44.99, p=.001). The results are discussed in the light of this general findings and the study also provides some suggestions for future research.</p>

scholarly journals Ginseng and Anticancer Drug Combination to Improve Cancer Chemotherapy: A Critical Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Chen ◽  
Zhijun Wang ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Stephen A. O'Barr ◽  
Rebecca A. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Wide Usage

Ginseng, a well-known herb, is often used in combination with anticancer drugs to enhance chemotherapy. Its wide usage as well as many documentations are often cited to support its clinical benefit of such combination therapy. However the literature based on objective evidence to make such recommendation is still lacking. The present review critically evaluated relevant studies reported in English and Chinese literature on such combination. Based on our review, we found good evidence fromin vitroandin vivoanimal studies showing enhanced antitumor effect when ginseng is used in combination with some anticancer drugs. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence of such benefit as very few clinical studies are available. Future research should focus on clinically relevant studies of such combination to validate the utility of ginseng in cancer.

scholarly journals Cultural entrepreneurship: a review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Dobreva ◽  
Stanislav Hristov Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Audience Development

This paper provides a comprehensive review of Scopus-indexed English language publications on entrepreneurship in cultural and creative industries and the arts, identifies research gaps, and gives directions for future research. The paper analyses 131 publications published in the period 1982 – 2019 through quantitative analysis of frequencies, cross-tables, and Chi-square test, and qualitative thematic analysis of the publications. Eight research domains were identified: 'Characteristics and motivation of entrepreneurs', 'Business models', 'Audience development', 'Use of information and communication technologies', 'Urban development', 'Public policy', 'Incubators and clusters' and 'Entrepreneurial education'. Findings show that two-thirds of the papers are based on empirical research, most of which is conducted in the U.K. From a managerial perspective, the conclusions are that cultural entrepreneur is gradually becoming a central figure in contemporary cultural processes that has the potential to fulfil market and audience needs, fill the emerging business niches, and contribute to the revitalisation of cities and regions. It identifies research gaps and formulates directions for future research.

Citrus peel derived’ Poly-Methoxylated Flavones (PMF)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mahdi Vajdi ◽  
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Methoxylated Flavones

Abstract. The prevalence of obesity has increased substantially over the last several decades and several environmental factors have accelerated this trend. Poly-methoxy flavones (PMFs) exist abundantly in the peels of citrus, and their biological activities have been broadly examined in recent years. Several studies have examined the effects of PMFs on obesity and its-related diseases. This systematic review conducted to focus on the effect of PMFs on obesity and its related conditions management. The PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched for relevant studies published before November 2020. Out of 1,615 records screened, 16 studies met the study criteria. The range of dosage of PMFs was varied from 10 to 200 mg/kg (5–26 weeks) and 1–100 μmol (2h–8 days) across selected animal and in vitro studies, respectively. The literature reviewed shows that PMFs modulate several biological processes associated with obesity such as lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, energy balance, and oxidative stress by different mechanisms. All of the animal studies showed significant positive effects of PMFs on obesity by reducing body weight (e.g. reduced weight gain by 21.04%), insulin resistance, energy expenditure, inhibiting lipogenesis and reduced blood lipids (e.g. reduced total cholesterol by 23.10%, TG by 44.35% and LDL by 34.41%). The results of the reviewed in vitro studies have revealed that treatment with PMFs significantly inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes (e.g. reduced lipid accumulation by 55–60%) and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation as well by decreasing the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα and also reduces the number and size of fat cells and reduced TG content in adipocytes by 45.67% and 23.10% and 16.08% for nobiletin, tangeretin and hesperetin, respectively. Although current evidence supports the use of PMFs as a complementary treatment in obesity, future research is needed to validate this promising treatment modality.

The choice of progestogen for HRT in menopausal women: breast cancer risk is a major issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Ruan ◽  
Alfred O. Mueck
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Doctors and patients fear the risk of breast cancer when using hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This review focuses on the choice of progestogen for HRT in menopausal. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) has been the only large double-blind placebo-controlled study testing the risk of breast cancer (BC) using HRT. No increased risk using estrogen (E)-only was seen, there was a significant decrease in mortality due to BC after the use of HRT which persisted during the recent 18-year follow-up of the WHI. In contrast in the combined arm the risk increased. In about 20 observational studies using mostly medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or estradiol-norethisterone acetate (NETA) an increased BC-risk was observed comparable with the WHI. Only for natural progestogen, progesterone and for dydrogesterone (retro-isomer of progesterone) was no increased risk seen for up to 5–8 years, when compared directly with other progestogens, but for longer treatment an increased risk cannot be excluded. In contrast, the mortality due to BC after use of E-only and combined HRT decreased in about a dozen observational studies, and was very recently confirmed in a Finnish study evaluating 490,000 women using estradiol (E2) plus different progestogens. There have been already more than 70 studies evaluating the risk of BC during HRT, and still there are many open questions. Therefore, this review covers our own and other experimental research which could answer important questions. Experimental research has demonstrated that certain synthetic progestogens, but not progesterone and to some extent also not dydrogesterone, can accelerate the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in animal studies via special cell membrane components which we recently also detected in patients with BC, and we found differences comparing all available synthetic progestogens. Derived from these mechanisms future research may provide screening for patients at risk and predict the prognosis of possible BC.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Type and Study Design of Publications in the Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society and the Changes in Trends Over 2 Decades

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422098458
Author(s):  
Shivangi Ramteke ◽  
Balasubramanian Madhan
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hierarchy Of Evidence ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Study Designs

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the type and study design of publications in the Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society (JIOS) and the changes in their trends from 2001 to 2020. Materials and Methods: All the online publications in JIOS were classified as background resource, original articles, and case reports. The original articles were further divided into 7 types based on study design. The annual and overall data were compiled. To evaluate the change in trends, the study period was divided into 2 block years: 2001 to 2010 and 2011 to 2020. The differences in the total number of articles and distribution of articles by type and study design were analyzed using Mann–Whitney and chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests, respectively. Results: Background resource, original articles, and case reports comprised 38.7%, 43.9%, and 17.4% of the total articles (n = 845), respectively. Non-clinical (34.5%) and cross-sectional (32.35%) studies formed the bulk of original articles. There were 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (4.58%) and 5 systematic reviews (1.35%) among the original articles. The total number of publications were higher for years in the second block compared to those in the first (Mdn of 63.5 vs 14.5, P < .001). The differences in the distribution according to type were not statistically significant [ X2(2) = 2.052, P = .35]. A reduction in the share of cohort studies and increase in RCTs were found in the second block (F = 19.174, P = .002). Conclusions: The higher proportion of background resource publications and those with study designs lower in the hierarchy of evidence is a matter of concern. Though slow paced, the increase in the number of RCTs and systematic reviews over the past few years is encouraging.

scholarly journals Histological and Histomorphometric Effectiveness of the Barrier Membranes for Jawbone Regeneration: An Overview of More Than 30 Years’ Experience of Research Results of the Italian Implant Retrieval Center (1988–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2438
Author(s):  
Margherita Tumedei ◽  
Carlos Fernando Mourão ◽  
Silvia D’Agostino ◽  
Marco Dolci ◽  
Michele Di Cosola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Barrier Membranes ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Implant Dentistry ◽  
Conducting Research

With the advent of implant dentistry, height and width of the bone site are fundamental to perform implant placements. There are several techniques to restore the amount of bone loss and one of them is guided bone regeneration, which is based on the employment of a membrane in order to bypass non-osteogenic cell invasion in the bone healing area, dispersing every interference with bone regeneration. Two expert reviewers performed a retrospective evaluation of all scientific papers published by the Implant Retrieval Center Laboratory of University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara in the last three decades, and they implemented it by also similar conducting research on the main scientific databases, i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. The search was conducted up to December 2020, and a total of 843 articles published by the Implant Retrieval Center Laboratory of University “G.D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara were identified and evaluated. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 27 manuscripts were included for the qualitative synthesis: 8 animal studies, 17 human studies, and 2 in vitro articles. The present overview shows the importance of translational research for barrier membranes for bone regeneration, and additionally, the need for experts in different fields and research centers to produce high quality data in future research.

scholarly journals Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases: A Systematic Review of Current and Emerging Trends in Clinical and Translational Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foteini Stefania Koumpa ◽  
Diamantis Xylas ◽  
Maciej Konopka ◽  
Dieter Galea ◽  
Kirill Veselkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Peritoneal Metastases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Translational Biomarkers

Colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM) are associated with abbreviated survival and significantly impaired quality of life. In patients with CPM, radical multimodality treatment consisting of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has demonstrated oncological superiority over systemic chemotherapy alone. In highly selected patients undergoing CRS + HIPEC, overall survival of over 60% has been reported in some series. These are patients in whom the disease burden is limited and where the diagnosis is made at an early stage in the disease course. Early diagnosis and a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms that regulate CPM are critical to refining patient selection for radical treatment, personalising therapeutic approaches, enhancing prognostication, and ultimately improving long-term survivorship. In the present study, we outline three broad themes which represent critical future research targets in CPM: (1) enhanced radiological strategies for early detection and staging; (2) identification and validation of translational biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic deployment; and (3) development of optimized approaches for surgical cytoreduction as well as more precise strategies for intraperitoneal drug selection and delivery. Herein, we provide a contemporary narrative review of the state of the art in these three areas. A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was undertaken on all English language studies published between 2007 and 2017. In vitro and animal model studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the sections pertaining to biomarkers and therapeutic optimisation, as these areas of research currently remain in the early stages of development. Acquired data were then divided into hierarchical thematic categories (imaging modalities, translational biomarkers (diagnostic/prognostic/therapeutic), and delivery techniques) and subcategories. An interactive sunburst figure is provided for intuitive interrogation of the CPM research landscape.

scholarly journals The Link between Aggrecan and Familial Osteochondritis Dissecans

Surgeries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Samantha Ozere ◽  
Sami Chergui ◽  
Megan E. Cooke ◽  
Thierry Pauyo ◽  
Derek H. Rosenzweig
Keyword(s):  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Focal Lesions

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a chronic disease of the articular cartilage characterized by focal lesions of subchondral bone and overlaying cartilage. Through the growing number of reports describing the high prevalence of OCD in some families, the subcategory termed familial OCD (FOCD) was established. With the development of genetic approaches such as genome-wide association studies and sequencing, aggrecan (ACAN) has been identified as one of the genes of interest associated with FOCD. Aggrecan is a crucial protein for the preservation and function of cartilage. However, due to FOCD being characterized relatively recently, there is a paucity of literature on the subject. The purpose of this review is to explore the relationship between ACAN mutations and familial OCD as well as to explore current treatment options and avenues for future research. In vitro and animal studies have shown the importance of ACAN in the preservation of cartilage. However, the only human ACAN mutation related to OCD ever identified is a V2303M mutation in the G3 domain. Multiple treatments have been superficially explored, and some options such as growth hormone (GH) and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) show potential. Thus, further research on FOCD in needed to identify other ACAN mutations and determine optimal treatment modalities for this patient population.

scholarly journals HOW OFTEN ARE STUDY DESIGN AND LEVEL OF EVIDENCE MISREPORTED IN THE PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDIC LITERATURE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0013
Author(s):  
Drake G. LeBrun ◽  
Mininder S. Kocher ◽  
Keith D. Baldwin ◽  
Neeraj M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Orthopaedic Literature ◽  
Pediatric Orthopaedic ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Study Designs

Background: Observational studies are the most commonly employed study designs in the pediatric orthopaedic literature. The differences between observational study designs are important but not widely understood, leading to potential discrepancies between the reported and actual study design. Study design misclassification is associated with a potential for misreporting level of evidence (LOE). Purpose: To determine the degree of study design and LOE misclassification in the pediatric orthopaedic literature. Methods: The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science was queried to identify all pediatric orthopaedic observational studies published from 2014-2017. Reported study design and LOE were recorded for each study. The actual study design and LOE were determined based on established clinical epidemiological criteria by reviewers with advanced epidemiological training. Studies with a discrepancy between reported and actual study design and LOE were identified. The following covariates were recorded for each study: subspecialty, inclusion of a statistician coauthor, sample size, journal, and journal impact factor. Chi-square analysis was used to identify factors associated with study design and LOE misreporting. Results: One thousand articles were screened, yielding 647 observational studies. Three hundred thirty-five publications (52%) did not clearly report a study design in either the abstract or manuscript text. Of those that did, 59/312 (19%) reported the incorrect study design (Figure 1). The largest discrepancy was in the 109 studies that were reported to be case series, among which 30 (27.5%) were actually retrospective cohort studies. Three hundred thirteen publications (48%) did not report a LOE. Of those that did, 95/334 (28%) reported the incorrect LOE (Figure 2). Thirty-three studies (19%) reported a LOE that was higher than the actual LOE and 62 (35%) under-reported the LOE. Conclusion: The majority of observational pediatric orthopaedic studies either did not report a study design or reported the wrong study design. Similarly, the majority of studies did not report or misreported their LOE. Greater epidemiological rigor in classifying and evaluating observational studies is required on the part of investigators, reviewers, and journal editors. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

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