scholarly journals Mixed findings in directly replicated experimental studies on fake news

First Monday ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sean Burns ◽  
Renee Kaufmann ◽  
Anthony Limperos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
News Article ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Source Information ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Look

Fake news mimics the look of legitimate news articles even if it does not mimic the standards of journalistic reporting. An increase in fake news has developed along with heightened concern about the veracity of news information, which has been highly politicized as fake news. These problems suggest whether standards of journalistic reporting can overcome the mimicry of real news, and whether the public can correctly identify real news. Here we ask two research questions. Does source information about the news article or its presentation influence the perception that a news article is fake news? What factors influence the perception of fake news? We conducted directly replicated experimental studies that presented four news articles to four subject pools. We show that source information and presentation have limited influence on participants’ judgments of a real news article as fake. Among those who evaluated the articles as fake news, our results show that the less participants thought the article presented a fair, balanced, evidence-based view, the more likely they were to judge it as fake news. These findings warrant discussion about the purpose of news organizations and news reporting as well as about how evidence and fairness work in news information.

scholarly journals Political discourse approach applied the current study issue occurred

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Gloria Monica Woodlove ◽  
Mike Emerson Vurly
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Made In

The research was to aim at approaching a political discourse as an effort to solve the issues. News reporting assigns meaning to issues by providing a continuous record of public events and visibility to the claims of actors. The public sphere is an important field where social problems are constructed and political alternatives become defined. When one considers these functions, it is hardly surprising that news has become an important source of data for a group of researchers who are interested in studying the nature of political challenges that are mobilized in the public domain. However, there sometimes appears to be a tendency within the social movements field to let theoretical development outrun a discussion on the methods with which we are equipped to address our research questions. In this contribution, our focus will be self-consciously directed to methods, and more precisely we make specific proposals regarding how the important methodological developments that have been made in the field in recent times, might be profitably extended. 

scholarly journals How to Bridge Research Results to Everyday Clinical Care?

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
VV Gordan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Research Questions

SUMMARY Laboratory and clinical studies are essential to the advancement of sciences. However, a significant gap exists between the research findings and clinical practice. Therefore, research findings can be of little importance if their outcome cannot be directly or indirectly applied to everyday clinical care or readily translated. This paper focuses on how we can shorten the gap between the generation of new knowledge and their implementation into everyday clinical care. A new model is discussed where clinicians are the ones generating the research idea are paired with researchers. They collaborate on studies whose results are readily applicable to everyday practice. Partnering with health providers on studies that address everyday clinical research questions is a potential solution to speed up the translation of the research findings. Generating clinically applicable results can better improve the health of the public. Quoting Dr. Lawrence W. Green: “If we want more evidence-based practice, we need more practice-based evidence.” This paper presents the practice-based research model as a solution to address this knowledge gap.

scholarly journals Fake News Sharing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rohit Valecha ◽  
Srikrishna Krishnarao Srinivasan ◽  
Tejaswi Volety ◽  
K. Hazel Kwon ◽  
Manish Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fake News ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
And Coping ◽  
News Sharing ◽  
Positive Effect

Fake news has become a growing problem for societies, spreading virally and transforming into harmful impacts in social networks. The problem of fake news is even more troubling in the healthcare context. In the healthcare literature, it has been well established that threat situations and coping responses facilitate information sharing and seeking among the public. Along a similar vein, we argue that threat and coping related cues are important indicators of shareworthiness of fake news in social media. We address the following research questions associated with fake news sharing in the context of Zika virus: How do threat- and coping-related cues influence fake news sharing? We characterize threat situations that have threat and severity cues and coping responses that are based on reaction to protection and fear cues. The results indicate the significant positive effect of threat cues and protection cues on fake news sharing. Such an investigation can allow the monitoring of viral fake messages in a timely manner.

scholarly journals Death with COVID-19 Symptoms? Framing of Coronavirus news in Bangladeshi Newspapers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Ashtaful Goni
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
News Article ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Record ◽  
Breathing Problem

<p>This study examines how Bangladeshi media responded in the time of coronavirus crisis focusing on the issue death with COVID-19 symptoms. This study analyses the content of 169 Bengali news article from 5 different newspaper published within the timeline of 20<sup>th</sup> March to 30<sup>th</sup> May 2020 using framing theory as the theoretical framework. With the quantitative content analysis of news reporting this study also discover how media frame this Corona virus (COVID-19) situation with the words COVID-19 symptoms and some specific symptoms (fever, cough, breathing problem, isolation etc.). The result suggested that there was not enough information to link a person death with coronavirus rather it was the public agenda which media tried to portray with a particular frame. This study questioned the objectivity and accountability of journalist and newspaper on the issue of covering news on death with COVID-19 symptoms. This study also questioned all the statistical record of death with COVID-19 symptoms in Bangladesh where primary source of data was newspaper reports published between 20<sup>th</sup> March to 30<sup>th</sup> May 2020. </p>

scholarly journals Death with COVID-19 Symptoms? Framing of Coronavirus news in Bangladeshi Newspapers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Ashtaful Goni
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
News Article ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Record ◽  
Breathing Problem

<p>This study examines how Bangladeshi media responded in the time of coronavirus crisis focusing on the issue death with COVID-19 symptoms. This study analyses the content of 169 Bengali news article from 5 different newspaper published within the timeline of 20<sup>th</sup> March to 30<sup>th</sup> May 2020 using framing theory as the theoretical framework. With the quantitative content analysis of news reporting this study also discover how media frame this Corona virus (COVID-19) situation with the words COVID-19 symptoms and some specific symptoms (fever, cough, breathing problem, isolation etc.). The result suggested that there was not enough information to link a person death with coronavirus rather it was the public agenda which media tried to portray with a particular frame. This study questioned the objectivity and accountability of journalist and newspaper on the issue of covering news on death with COVID-19 symptoms. This study also questioned all the statistical record of death with COVID-19 symptoms in Bangladesh where primary source of data was newspaper reports published between 20<sup>th</sup> March to 30<sup>th</sup> May 2020. </p>

Analisis Penerapan Kode Etik Jurnalistik Pada Pemberitaan Pemindahan Ibu Kota Indonesia di Liputan6.com

Koneksi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Wiwin Fitriyani ◽  
Ahmad Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Right ◽  
Included Article

Freedom of the Press is the right to express, disseminate ideas, organize, and so forth. Freedom of the Press is based on the provisions made by the Press Council called the Journalistic Code of Ethics. The Journalistic Code of Ethics is the professional ethics of journalists. As the party that disseminates information to the public, journalists need to practice the provisions of the Journalistic Code of Ethics which consists of 11 articles, because various news reports that journalists report should have an impact on society. Then, one of the news that received more attention from the public, namely regarding the relocation of the Indonesian capital. At that time, the news received various responses from various parties. Therefore, various media are aggressively producing news related to this, such as Liputan6.com. In this study, the Journalistic Code of Ethics analyzed with the news included article 1, 2, and 3. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the Journalistic Code of Ethics in reporting the removal of the Indonesian Capital City on Liputan6.com. Theories used include news reporting and the Journalistic Code of Ethics. Then, for the research method used, namely quantitative content analysis using coding sheets to process, and analyze the data. The results of this study indicate Liputan6.com has implemented a Journalistic Code of Ethics, although of the 55 news samples there are still 19 news that do not meet the element of balance.Kebebasan pers merupakan hak untuk berekspresi, menyebarluaskan gagasan, dan berorganisasi. Kebebasan pers dilandasi oleh ketentuan yang dibuat Dewan Pers yang disebut Kode Etik Jurnalistik. Kode Etik Jurnalistik adalah etika profesi wartawan. Sebagai pihak yang menyebarkan informasi kepada khalayak, jurnalis perlu mempraktikan ketentuan Kode Etik Jurnalistik yang terdiri dari 11 pasal. Hal ini karena berbagai berita yang jurnalis laporkan akan memberi dampak pada masyarakat. Salah satu pemberitaan yang mendapatkan perhatian lebih dari masyarakat, yaitu mengenai pemindahan ibu kota Indonesia. Pada saat itu, kabar tersebut mendapatkan berbagai respon dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, berbagai media gencar dalam memproduksi berita terkait hal tersebut, salahsatunya Liputan6.com. Pada penelitian ini, Kode Etik Jurnalistik yang dianalisis dengan pemberitaan tersebut, antara lain pasal 1, 2, dan 3. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui penerapan Kode Etik Jurnalistik pada pemberitaan pemindahan Ibu Kota Indonesia di Liputan6.com. Teori yang digunakan diantaranya pemberitaan, dan Kode Etik Jurnalistik. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yakni analisis isi kuantitatif dengan memakai lembar codinguntuk mengolah, dan menganalisis datanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan Liputan6.com sudah menerapkan Kode Etik Jurnalistik, meskipun dari 55 sampel berita masih terdapat 19 berita yang tidak memenuhi unsur keberimbangan.

Perceived Influence of Students’ Demographic Variables on Their Access to Financial Aids in Public Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Olorunleke Eseyin
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Rivers State

The paper investigated the perceived influence of students’ demographic variables on their access to financial aids in public Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Six questions were formulated to guide the study and five hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design adopted for the study was an analytical survey. The population of the study included 78, 216 students (34,997 male and 43,219 female) in the three public Universities in Rivers State. The sample of the study covered 791 students (Male= 395 and Female= 396) selected through the random sampling technique while Taro Yamane method of sample size determination was used for determining the sample size. The instruments used for collecting responses from students were questionnaire and a ten items interview schedule. The research questions were answered using frequency, percentage and cumulative percentage. Findings of the study revealed that students’ demographic variables have an influence on their access to financial aids in public Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. The implication of this is that the government’s expenditure on education will continue to increase in the absence of these alternative financial aids in the public Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria.

Opportunities for Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Platforms in Dietetic Research and Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Meghan Lynch ◽  
Irena Knezevic ◽  
Kennedy Laborde Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Online News ◽  
News Article ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Article Comment

To date, most qualitative knowledge about individual eating patterns and the food environment has been derived from traditional data collection methods, such as interviews, focus groups, and observations. However, there currently exists a large source of nutrition-related data in social media discussions that have the potential to provide opportunities to improve dietetic research and practice. Qualitative social media discussion analysis offers a new tool for dietetic researchers and practitioners to gather insights into how the public discusses various nutrition-related topics. We first consider how social media discussion data come with significant advantages including low-cost access to timely ways to gather insights from the public, while also cautioning that social media data have limitations (e.g., difficulty verifying demographic information). We then outline 3 types of social media discussion platforms in particular: (i) online news article comment sections, (ii) food and nutrition blogs, and (iii) discussion forums. We discuss how each different type of social media offers unique insights and provide a specific example from our own research using each platform. We contend that social media discussions can contribute positively to dietetic research and practice.

Men's perception and understanding of male-factor infertility in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. S8-S16
Author(s):  
Eleanor L Stevenson ◽  
Cheng Ching-Yu ◽  
Chang Chia-Hao ◽  
Kevin R McEleny
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Male Factor Infertility ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk

Male-factor infertility is a common but stigmatised issue, and men often do not receive the emotional support and the information they need. This study sought to understand awareness of male fertility issues compared to female fertility among the UK general male public, and also what were perceived as being the optimum methods for providing support for affected men, emotionally and through information. Men feel that male infertility is not discussed by the public as much as female infertility. Lifestyle issues that affect male fertility are not well understood, and men affected by infertility desire more support, including online, from health professionals and through peer support. Health professionals, including those in public health, could offer evidence-based programmes to reduce stigma and increase public knowledge about infertility, as well as offer emotional support to men with infertility problems.

scholarly journals Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Nadarevic ◽  
Rolf Reber ◽  
Anne Josephine Helmecke ◽  
Dilara Köse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Internet Age

Abstract To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors of truth judgments—such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format—little is known about their simultaneous effects. In a series of four experiments, we investigated how the abovementioned factors jointly affect the perceived truth of statements (Experiments 1 and 2) and simulated social media postings (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 1 explored the role of source credibility (high vs. low vs. no source information) and presentation format (with vs. without a picture). In Experiments 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated repeated exposure (yes vs. no). Finally, Experiment 4 examined the role of source credibility (high vs. low) and type of repetition (congruent vs. incongruent vs. no repetition) in further detail. In sum, we found no effect of presentation format on truth judgments, but strong, additive effects of source credibility and repetition. Truth judgments were higher for information presented by credible sources than non-credible sources and information without sources. Moreover, congruent (i.e., verbatim) repetition increased perceived truth whereas semantically incongruent repetition decreased perceived truth, irrespectively of the source. Our findings show that people do not rely on a single judgment cue when evaluating a statement’s truth but take source credibility and their meta-cognitive feelings into account.

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