scholarly journals Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage, Health Infrastructure, and Postnatal Care (PNC) Services Utilization: A District Level Analysis of Punjab-Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seemab Gillani ◽  
Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Muhammad Nouman Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Health Infrastructure

Awareness of receiving postnatal care is uncommon in Punjab (Pakistan) and supply-side is also unfortunate. Sufficient uptake of PNC may helpful in reducing maternal mortality. Thus, this study explored the demand and supply-side determinants of maternal health (utilization of PNC) care for 35 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Percentage of women of reproductive ages using PNC services in the 35 districts of Punjab was the outcome variable. While, ANC utilization, adult literacy rate, household wealth, physical infrastructure had been considered as the explanatory variables. Secondary data were obtained from Punjab Development Statistics reports from the years 2010 to 2016. Pooled ordinary least square (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) were applied as estimation techniques. It was found that the percentage of women of reproductive ages using ANC services (0.662, p < 0.01), the percentage of households receiving remittances from abroad (0.570, p < 0.01), the percentage of households having access to improved sanitation facilities (0.569, p < 0.01), the percentage of households having their own houses (0.530, p < 0.05), and district-based health infrastructure index (0.237, p < 0.05) had strong positive and significant impact on PNC utilization. The study concluded that district-based targets relating to PNC coverage could be achieved by intervening through ANC utilization behavior, household wealth (remittances receipts), and through the provision of infrastructure (healthcare, sanitation) to the residents of the district. Need to ensure the availability and accessibility of PNC in order to reduce the health disparities among the districts of Punjab.

scholarly journals The Effect of Health Infrastructure, Adult Literacy, and Household Characteristics on Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage in Punjab (Pakistan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Saima Shafiq ◽  
Kokab Kiran ◽  
Amna Alamgir
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Physical Infrastructure

Objective: The present study is a cross district analysis of the effect of health infrastructure, adult literacy, and household characteristics on antenatal care (ANC) use in Punjab (Pakistan). Data and Methodology: The unit of analysis is a district. By covering a panel of 35 districts of Punjab, the study has collected the yearly data for the time period 2010 to 2016. The percentage of pregnant women of reproductive age received ANC services in each district is taken as dependent variable. Health physical infrastructure, adult literacy rate, and the percentage of households: having own house, using improved sanitation facilities, and receiving remittances from abroad are taken as explanatory variables. The study used panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to estimate the effects of the explanatory variables on antenatal care.   Results: Ranking of the districts on the basis of ANC coverage shows that amongst the 34 districts of Punjab province, Bahawalnagar, Rajan pur, Pakpattan, Kasur, Bahawalpur, and Rahim Yar Khan districts are at the bottom with the lowest use of ANC services by the pregnant mothers. The GMM estimates show that health physical infrastructure, adult literacy rate, and the percentage of households having their own house are positively and significantly affecting the ANC use in Punjab-Pakistan. Hence confirming the healthcare services utilization framework of Andesen and Newman (2005) which explains that formal healthcare system (health physical infrastructure), predisposing factors (adult literacy rate), and enabling factors (households having their own houses) significantly matter in fostering better use of healthcare services. Conclusion: The study advocates the need for investment in health physical infrastructure as well as in overall literacy. At the same time, it suggests that for the better coverage of ANC the geographical targeting can result into better outcomes.

scholarly journals Impulse of Dividend Payment Decision: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Industry in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Ariful Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Dividend Payment ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Prime Objective

The dividend is the reward of shareholders of an organization in exchange for time and risk. For maximizing shareholder’s wealth, optimum dividend payout ratio is essential. The prime objective of this paper is to identify impulse of dividend payment decision of listed pharmaceutical companies in Dhaka Stock Exchange of Bangladesh. Dividend payment decision is the dependent variable and profitability, firm’s size, financial leverage, growth, and agency costs are taken as explanatory variables in this study. Collected secondary data are analyzed by econometrics software Eviews 8 through least square method. Formulated multiple regression models show value of R-square (R2) is 0.604817. R-square (R2) value indicates explanatory variables explain 60.48% variation of the dependent variable. The study also reveals that profitability and agency cost positively influence the dividend payment decision and firm’s size, financial leverage, growth negatively impact on the dividend payment decision of selected pharmaceutical companies. Among explanatory variables, profitability is not statistically significant at 5% significant level whereas firm’s size, financial leverage, growth and agency cost are found statistically significant at 5% significant level. So this paper finds that listed pharmaceutical companies in Dhaka Stock Exchange must consider firm’s size, financial leverage, growth and agency cost in their dividend payment decision.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Infrastruktur Listrik, Jalan Dan Kesehatan Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Yurike Aldona ◽  
Wiwin Priana Primandhana ◽  
Muhammad Wahed
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the economic indicators according to various economic instruments in which clearly visible macro-economic conditions of a region. Infrastructure is the most primary public infrastructure in supporting a country's economic activities, and the availability of infrastructure greatly determines the level of efficiency and effectiveness of economic activities. This study aims to analyze how much electricity, road, and health infrastructure affects gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency. This research covers the area of Sidoarjo Regency. This study uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency with a period of 15 years from 2005-2019. The analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model using computer tools SPSS program (Statistic Program For Social Science) Version 13.0 that shows the influence between free variables and bound variables. The end result is that electricity infrastructure variables have a positive and significant influence on gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency. Variable road infrastructure and health infrastructure have a positive but insignificant influence on gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION, AND THE NUMBER OF POPULATIONS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariyatul Kubtiyah Ritonga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Positive Effect

Economic Growth in North Sumatera priod 2000 until 2012 shows the condition that increases continuously, but the increase did not have an impact on education, health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the health infrastructure, education infrastructure and population to economic growth in the province of North Sumatra simultaneously and partially. The data used are secondary data from BPS in North Sumatra time series from 2000 till 2012. Data analysis was performed by using OLS (Ordinary Least Square) with a multiple linear regression models estimated with the help of the program Eviews 7. The results of this study showed that simultaneous variable health infrastructure, education infrastructure and population have a significant effect on economic growth in the province North Sumatra. While partially concluded that variable infrastructure and population health positive and significant effect; educational infrastructure but not significant positive effect on economic growth in the province of North Sumatra. The results of this study also showed that the most dominant variables to economic growth in the province of North Sumatra is the total population.

scholarly journals Impact of Red Chilli Reference Price Policy in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Mirza Sativa ◽  
Harianto Harianto ◽  
Achmad Suryana
Keyword(s):  
Reference Price ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simultaneous Model

Red chilli is one of basic commodities in Indonesia, in household consumption and raw material of industry even though the price of red chilli not only often fluctuates but also contributing to inflation. Policies taken by the government against the red chilli was with the application of the reference price, as the management of importation, for stabilizing the price of red chilli. This study aims to see the effectiveness of the reference price policy in influencing red chilli deals through red chilli import management and determine the factors that affect the red chilli deals in the effort to stabilize the price, using two stage least square (TSLS) simultaneous model with secondary data from Desember 2010- September 2016. In this study, red chili supply models in Indonesia consisted of five equations, four structural equations, and one identity equation. The structural equation consisted of red chili production, red chili import, red chili export, and red chili prices while the identity equation namely red chili supply. The results showed that reference price application had not been effective because it was not able to manage the importation properly, caused red chilli prices were still fluctuating. Implementation of reference prices did not significantly affect imports and prices, it indicated that the reference price policy was ineffective. This policy should be pursued by strengthening the development of production and to encourage red chilli farmers interest to increase the amount of production for continuity the supply side.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION, AND THE NUMBER OF POPULATIONS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Mariyatul Kubtiyah Ritonga ◽  
Anhar Fauzan Priyonob
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Positive Effect

Economic Growth in North Sumatera priod 2000 until 2012 shows the condition that increases continuously, but the increase did not have an impact on education, health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the health infrastructure, education infrastructure and population to economic growth in the province of North Sumatra simultaneously and partially. The data used are secondary data from BPS in North Sumatra time series from 2000 till 2012. Data analysis was performed by using OLS (Ordinary Least Square) with a multiple linear regression models estimated with the help of the program Eviews 7. The results of this study showed that simultaneous variable health infrastructure, education infrastructure and population have a significant effect on economic growth in the province North Sumatra. While partially concluded that variable infrastructure and population health positive and significant effect; educational infrastructure but not significant positive effect on economic growth in the province of North Sumatra. The results of this study also showed that the most dominant variables to economic growth in the province of North Sumatra is the total population.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and GGP in the OECD Countries: A Causality Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondiu T. Jaiyesimi ◽  
Tokunbo S. Osinubi ◽  
Lloyd Amaghionyeodiwe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

Abstract This study investigated the nature or direction of causality between GDP, electricity consumption and total energy consumption in the OECD. Secondary data was used while both the ordinary least square (OLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators were employed to test for causality in our model. Our result found the presence of a bi-directional causality between energy consumption and GDP for the total energy demand model and between electricity consumption and GDP for the electricity demand model. By implication, the bi-directional causality in our estimated models suggest that both energy consumption and GDP are important factors in economic development in the OECD. Thus, if misguided policy measures are made to reduce energy consumption it could have a detrimental effect on GDP which will slow down economic growth. A recommendation is for policy makers to concentrate on encouraging energy efficiency as a way to reduce energy and electricity consumption.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer screening prevalence and its correlates in Cameroon: secondary data analysis of the 2018 demographic and health surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Okyere ◽  
Precious Adade Duodu ◽  
Livingstone Aduse-Poku ◽  
Pascal Agbadi ◽  
Jerry John Nutor
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Screening Programs

Abstract Background Cervical cancer, although preventable, is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, and the second most common and deadliest gynaecological cancer in low-and-middle-income countries. Screening is key to the prevention and early detection of the disease for treatment. A few studies estimated the prevalence of cervical cancer screening and its correlates in Cameroon but relied on data that were limited to certain regions of the country. Therefore, this study sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of cervical cancer screening among Cameroonian women using current data that is nationally representative of reproductive-age women. Methods We used secondary data from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey. Summary statistics were used for the sample description. We employed the Firth logistic regression using the “firthlogit” command in STATA-14 to perform the bivariate analyses between the outcome variable and each of the explanatory variables. Given that all the explanatory variables were statistically significant correlates, they were all adjusted for in a multivariable analysis. All analyses were performed in STATA version 14. Results The proportion of Cameroonian women who have ever screened for cervical cancer continue to remain low at approximately 4%. In the adjusted model, women with the following sociodemographic characteristics have a higher likelihood of undergoing cervical cancer screening: ever undergone HIV screening (AOR = 4.446, 95% CI: 2.475, 7.986), being 24–34 years (AOR = 2.233, 95% CI: 1.606, 3.103) or 35–44 years (AOR = 4.008, 95% CI: 2.840, 5.657) or at least 45 years old (AOR = 5.895, 95% CI: 3.957, 8.784), having attained a post-secondary education (AOR = 1.849, 95% CI: 1.032, 3.315), currently (AOR = 1.551, 95% CI: 1.177, 2.043) or previously married (AOR = 1.572, 95% CI: 1.073, 2.302), dwelling in the richest household (AOR = 4.139, 95% CI: 1.769, 9.682), and residing in an urban area (AOR = 1.403, 95% CI: 1.004,1.960). Except for the North-West region, residing in some five regions, compared to Yaounde, was negatively associated with cervical cancer screening. Conclusion Cervical cancer screening programs and policies should target Cameroonian women who are younger, less educated, and those in poor households and rural areas.

Peranan Sektor Pertanian dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Manokwari

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunto Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

<em>The agricultural sector</em><em> is a strategic sector in Manokwari regency. The agricultural sector provides a major contribution in the regional economy, an economic base of rural people, dominate the life of most residents in this region and provider of food and raw materials for other sectors. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the contribution of different sub-sectors that exist in the agricultural sector, which analyzes sectors influential in changing the economic structure of agriculture in the area and know the potential commodities that can be developed in an effort to enhance the role of the agricultural sector. The research method used through literature study and analysis of secondary data sourced from the relevant authorities. To find out how big the factors that influence changes in economic structures of domination of the agricultural sector into non-agricultural sector estimates used Ordinary Least Square (OLS). For the determination of the potential commodities that can be seeded used method approach Location Quotient (LQ). The results showed the greatest contribution of the different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector contained in the food crops sub-sector. Based on the rate of growth per year, plantation crops sub-sector occupied the highest positions. The sectors that provide real impact on the agricultural sector's contribution to the regional gross domestic product �of the building sector and services sector. Potential commodities that can be developed in different areas in Manokwari regency include food crops and pulses, vegetables and fruits and livestock including cows, goats, pigs and chicken.</em>

scholarly journals Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of CEO Power and Ownership Concentration in the Relationship between Audit Committee and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6329
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmad Javeed ◽  
Tze San Ong ◽  
Rashid Latief ◽  
Haslinah Muhamad ◽  
Wei Ni Soh
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Ceo Power ◽  
Moderating Factors

Firms in developing economies generally find ways to enhance their reputation and growth in the international market. In this context, an Audit Committee (AC) is composed of multiple skilled members that control and monitor auditing activities and present a transparent image of their firm, which automatically attracts investors and builds investor confidence. Therefore, this study used CEO power and ownership concentration as moderating factors to examine the connection between AC and firm performance. For this purpose, this study used the data of Pakistani manufacturing firms for the period 2008 to 2018 and applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, the Fixed Effect (FE) model, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To check the robustness of the results, this study used a Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) model. The findings of this study contended that AC and firm performance have a positive association with each other. Moreover, the findings revealed that CEO power positively influenced firm performance. Furthermore, lower ownership concentration is a valuable approach to maximize a firm’s performance. Importantly, the outcomes concluded that AC and firm performance have a positive connection with the moderating effects of CEO power. Moreover, AC and firm performance also have a positive association with the moderating effect of ownership concentration.

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