scholarly journals La théorie autrichienne de la bureaucratie de Mises: une perspective critique

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-137
Author(s):  
Laurent Carnis
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Market Process ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Economic Calculation ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Théorie Économique ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Premiere Partie

The bureaucratic organisations became key actors in our contemporary societies. To develop an appropriate theory to understand how these organisations work and their implications constitute true stakes. This article deals with Mises’ theory of bureaucracy, which differs radically from the traditional approaches. The first part presents the definition of the Misesian bureaucracy, which shares some common points with Wéber’s version and shows also true strong disagreements. The absence of economic calculation constitutes the main key idea to understand the Misesian theory. Mises shows also that bureaucracy reflects the governmental interventions, which can be combined with different types of political systems. The second part deals with the consequences of bureaucracy. This part proposes a detailed analysis of the economic, social, political and psychological effects. The third part raises some critical points for the theory. It seems that the conception of bureaucrat and its place inside the bureaucratic organisation is not sufficiently analysed. Moreover, the modelling of the bureaucratic expansion deserves a more refined research. Finally, the justifications given by Mises to justify a minimal bureaucracy emphasize the necessity to think the place and the role of the State. Keywords: Bureaucracy, economic calculation, market process, minimal government. JEL Classification: D73 H11 L38 P11 P21. Résumé: Compte tenu de place importante que prend désormais l’organisation étatique au sein des sociétés contemporaines, l’élaboration d’une théorie économique de la bureaucratie s’avère essentielle pour en comprendre à la fois les mécanismes de fonctionnement et les implications. Cet article revient sur la contribution de Mises, qui par ses travaux, permet d’offrir une réelle alternative aux approches traditionnelles.La première partie de cette contribution présente la théorie de Mises en soulignant ses spécificités par rapport à la conception défendue par Wéber, dont à la fois elle s’inspire et s’en écarte substantiellement. L’absence du calcul économique dans le processus d’allocation des ressources représente une dimension essentielle pour comprendre la théorie proposée. Mises démontre également que l’organisation bureaucratique s’accommode aisément des différents régimes politiques et reflète l’intervention généralisée de l’Etat. La deuxième partie concerne les conséquences de la bureaucratie. Mises distingue quatre effets: les effets économiques, sociaux, politiques et psychologiques. Chaque catégorie fait l’objet d’une présentation détaillée. La troisième partie soulève des points critiques du modèle de la bureaucratie de Mises. Ainsi, sa conception du bureaucrate et sa place au sein de l’organisation bureaucratique nous paraissent faire l’objet d’une élaboration insuffisante. Les mécanismes de l’expansion bureaucratique méritent également un raffinement de l’analyse, tandis que la justification avancée d’une bureaucratie minimale soulève la question de l’existence d’un Etat minimal. Mots clés: Bureaucratie, calcul économique, processus de marché, Etat minimal.

scholarly journals Vínculos entre la Escuela Austriaca de Economía y el método de la inversión en valor

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-304
Author(s):  
Diego E. Quijano Durán
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Economic Calculation ◽  
Austrian School Of Economics ◽  
Value Investing ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The Austrian school of economics and the investment method known as value investing have a similar conception of the world, so that it is possible to find multiple links between them and form a coherent structure. To the economist, this allows for a much deeper understanding of the entrepreneurial function and the manner in which economic calculation is actually performed. To the investor, it offers a theoretical framework that explains economic phenomena, permitting him to better understand the role of the entrepreneur and to protect his investment when dangerous patterns can be observed. In this essay, we begin from the common stance of both schools of thought towards common sense, the use of realistic assumptions, the importance of prudence and the low value of complex mathematics in the fields of economics and finance. We then proceed to develop in greater depth nine aspects that have strong philosophical and scientific links. Key words: Value investing, Austrian school of economics, entrepreneurship, dynamic efficiency, economic calculation. JEL Classification: A12, G17, M20. Resumen: La Escuela Austriaca de Economía y el método de inversión en valor tienen una concepción similar del mundo que permite entrelazarlas coherentemente. Al economista, le permite profundizar el conocimiento del ejercicio de la función empresarial y la realización del cálculo económico en la práctica. Al inversor, le ofrece un marco teórico para comprender mejor el papel del empresario y los fenómenos económicos y detectar temprano patrones peligrosos y así protegerse. En este trabajo partimos de la base de que ambas escuelas de pensamiento tienen sus raíces en el sentido común y los supuestos realistas, que son prudentes a la hora de ver el futuro y que dudan de la utilidad de las matemáticas complejas en los campos económicos y financieros. Sobre ello, desarrollamos nueve aspectos en los cuales hay fuertes conexiones como, por ejemplo, la manera en que el ejercicio de la empresarialidad mejora la eficiencia del mercado y coordina los planes de las personas. Palabras clave: Inversión en valor, escuela austriaca de economía, empre-sarialidad, eficiencia dinámica, cálculo económico. Clasificación JEL: A12, G17, M20.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC TOOLS FOR ENSURING RESILIENCE OF THE FINANCIAL CORPORATIONS SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Diana Shkuropadska
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
System Method ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Audit

Research the tools for ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector is relevant, given the fact that the development of the world economy is increasingly subject to the shock influences, to which financial crises are imposed. The aim of the article is to identify and justify macroeconomic tools according to the directions for ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector. The theoretical-methodological base of the article is scientific works of scientists and reports of international organizationsfor directions and tools for ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector and the economy in general. The general approaches and research methods have been used at preparing the article: theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis and system method. The use of these methods allowed to consider approaches of leading international audit companies to understand the concept “resilience of the financial corporations”. On this basis, there was suggested the author's definition of the concept “resilience of the financial corporations sector” and defined it essential characteristics. It was explained, that the process of ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector involves the implementation of macroeconomic tools in accordance with the following areas: the introduction of economic stimulus packages, attractive lending conditions, tax and investment benefits, promoting innovation, development of compensation mechanisms, international financial support. The important attention in the study was paid to the role of the state in the process of implementing macroeconomic tools for ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector. Attention is focused on the fact, that under shock influences the state should implement macroeconomic tools in line with current problems in the development of the financial corporations sector. This in turn will ensure its profitability at a level sufficient for normal functioning.

Nation Branding

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Héctor Fernández L’Hoeste
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Technology

This chapter proposes the practice of nation branding as a political technology, as an example of neoliberalism in which the definition of national identity, previously assessed primarily by the social sciences and humanities, becomes the domain of business managers and advertising executives, thanks to technologies associated with social media. It explains how the redefinition of social goods, the role of the state, and the role of experts entail the replacement of a more socially driven understanding of identity with an act of commercial prestidigitation by way of nation branding; the pertinent state entities are replaced by advertising and image consultancy firms; and, lastly, scholars of various disciplines are replaced by advertising and PR executives. In short, following neoliberalism, identity is reinterpreted as brand. Identity no longer results from the never-ending and instantaneous negotiation between a multiplicity of parties, representative of myriad aspects relevant to the configuration of individuals and communities, but is rendered instead as the quantifiable, concrete result of a variety of transactions. Through this reformulation, a new relationship is suggested between the idea of nation as imagined community and the reality of the state as a material expression of the concept of nation.

scholarly journals Recharacterizing Corruption to Encompass Illicit Financial Flows

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Thuo Gathii
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Private Actors

Anticorruption treaties generally define corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. As such, global anticorruption efforts primarily target transactions involving the bribery of governmental officials. The definition excludes transactions in which multinational corporations deprive developing states of revenue by failing to pay taxes and other monies due. Yet such transactions are equally injurious to the development agenda of poor states. This essay argues that corruption should be redefined to encompass illicit financial flows, a term used by a growing network of tax and economic justice groups to refer to money that is “illegally earned, transferred or used.” Transactions such as trade misinvoicing, base-erosion, and abusive transfer pricing to illegally earn additional income undermine the ability of poor states to raise revenue for development. Expanding the definition of corruption would create a more realistic picture of the role of corporate actors and their involvement in corrupt and illicit dealings. It would also bring equivalency to the treatment of corporate actors and public officials. By focusing on illicit dealings involving corporate actors, this essay challenges the partial definition of corruption adopted in the heyday of the Washington Consensus, when skepticism about the role of the state, rather than of private actors, prevailed.

Book Reviews

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Austrian Economics ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Market Process ◽  
Florida State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Economic Calculation ◽  
The Core

Roger W. Garrison of Auburn University reviews “Advanced Introduction to the Austrian School of Economics”, by Randall G. Holcombe. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Provides an introduction and summary of the core principles, ideas, and diversity of modern Austrian economics. Discusses the market process; decentralized knowledge—the role of firms and markets; economic calculation; money, banking, and business cycles; and the resurgence of the Austrian school. Holcombe is DeVoe Moore Professor of Economics at Florida State University.”

scholarly journals The State-based Financial Control in Ukraine: Status and Directions for Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (525) ◽  
pp. 336-340
Author(s):  
I. V. Yahodenko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Hordei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Use

The article is aimed at disclosing the economic essence of the concept of «the State-based financial control», defining and analyzing the current status of the State-based financial control in Ukraine. The article analyzes the opinions of scholars on the definition of the conceptual apparatus of the research topic and derives a theoretical understanding of the State-based financial control. The issue of building an effective unified system of the State-based financial control is researched. The analysis of legislation norms on the implementation of the State-based financial control is carried out. The opinions of leading scholars who study the problems of control over the effective use of both the State and the local budgets together with reforms in this area are taken into account. The current status of the State-based financial control in the country is analyzed, a number of problems within the system are outlined. The characteristic shortcomings of functioning of the elements of the State-based control system are outlined (absence of a unified concept for the development of the State-based financial control, deepening of the powers of regulatory authorities, presence of a large number of normative legal acts, their outdatedness and inconsistency), the inadmissibility of duplication of control functions is emphasized. The role of the State-based audit in the formation of the successful State-based financial control in the country is determined. The risks that influence the formation of the State-based financial control are analyzed. It is concluded that the system of the State-based financial control in Ukraine does not have sufficient legal, informational, organizational, communicative, institutional and methodological provision that would meet the modern challenges of the country’s economy. Solving the problems of organization and functioning of the State-based financial control is possible by systematically improving the activities of financial control bodies, increasing the level of audit and continuous improvement of the management system within the organizations of regulatory authorities.

scholarly journals Principles for a second century of film legislation

Legal Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-630
Author(s):  
Daithí Mac Síthigh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Executive Action ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Following a century of legislation about film and the film industry in the UK, and the latest in a series of reports on ‘film policy’, this paper investigates the relationship between law, policy and film. Case studies on the definition of ‘film’ in a time of technological and cultural change consider the privileged position of the cinema in terms of censorship and tax, including the new phenomenon of ‘alternative content’; that is, live relays of theatrical performances. Institutional change is assessed and criticised, particularly the abolition of the UK Film Council and the steady move from statute to executive action. The paper sets out a case for the role of the state to be set out in legislation and the cultural consequences of legal definitions to be taken more seriously.

scholarly journals Economic Development, Informal Land-Use Practices and Institutional Change in Dongguan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Yingmin Huang ◽  
Desheng Xue ◽  
Gengzhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Land Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Institution Change ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Land Use Practices

This paper is engaged with the critical perspective that highlights the role of the state in the production of urban informality by examining the dynamics of informal land-use practices in Dongguan, China since 1978. Based on in-depth interviews and archival analysis, the relationship between informal land development, the state, and land institution change has been revealed. Our findings show that informal land development is practiced by village collectives from below in Dongguan as a response to the absence and limitation of the national land law. The local government handles the informality in a pragmatic way that serves the goal of economic development in different historical conditions by actions of encouraging, tolerating, and authorizing, suggesting that the definition of informality is not a neutral classification. It is argued that while informality represents people’s creativity in dealing with practical problems, when and to what extent it can be tolerated, formalized, and absorbed depends on the intention of the state in a specific historical context.

Pernambuco's Political Elite and the Recife Law School

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-313
Author(s):  
Craig Hendricks ◽  
Robert M. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Law School ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Definition Of

This study explores the convergent ground of two separate research projects: an analysis of the role of the state of Pernambuco in the Brazilian federation between 1889 and 1937, and a forthcoming study of the Recife Law School. The first part of this presentation will discuss the definition of the political elite, describe its composition, and examine the theme of continuity and change over the period of study. The second part will focus on the Law School per se, the principal vehicle for the training of the political elite.Pernambuco's political elite constitutes less a model for other Brazilian states than a phenomenon specific to Pernambuco's own historical role. This elite may be examined systematically, although only in the broadest sense. For one thing, its membership never remained static, but changed constantly according to the ebb and flow of political life. Relative power within an elite is not easily measurable; nor does there exist a single elite; rather, one observes a fluid set of power relationships, arrayed vertically according to levels of influence and authority, and horizontally from small urban interest nuclei through local elites to subgrous scattered across regional, economic, and social networks.

The state and the nation: changing norms and the rules of sovereignty in international relations

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Samuel Barkin ◽  
Bruce Cronin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
The State ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Constitutive Rule ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Definition Of

The international relations literature regularly embraces sovereignty as the primary constitutive rule of international organization. Theoretical traditions that agree on little else all seem to concur that the defining feature of the modern international system is the division of the world into sovereign states. Despite differences over the role of the state in international affairs, most scholars would accept John Ruggie's definition of sovereignty as “the institutionalization of public authority within mutually exclusive jurisdictional domains.” Regardless of the theoretical approach however, the concept tends to be viewed as a static, fixed concept: a set of ideas that underlies international relations but is not changed along with them. Moreover, the essence of sovereignty is rarely defined; while legitimate authority and territoriality are the key concepts in understanding sovereignty, international relations scholars rarely examine how definitions of populations and territories change through-out history and how this change alters the notion of legitimate authority.

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