Nano-based Masks, Disinfectants and Sanitizers Effectively Combat Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humera Kausar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 is an infectious viral disease caused by novel coronavirus to SARS-CoV-2 which emerged from Wuhan, China at the end of year 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic due to highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2. Till date COVID-19 has infected and claimed lives of millions of people around the world. The virus is mainly transmitted through droplets from symptomatic patients; however, there are many cases of infection from asymptomatic people, wherein the virus is transmitted even before the symptoms appear. Therefore, it has been strategized to control the spread of virus from one person to another. Moreover, inadequate medical facilities, high cost of treatment and lack of effective medication against novel COVID-19, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) can help mitigate the transmission such as wearing face masks, face shields, protective clothing and practicing social distancing. However, these standard protective equipment (PE) are not effective in preventing the spread of coronavirus. Meanwhile, nano-based products are of huge help in effectively preventing COVID-19 outbreak. Face-mask is a cost effective first line of defense against COVID-19 as mask helps prevent the entry of small sized particles. However, commonly used facial masks are incapable of preventing the entry of small sized corona virus, which gets stuck in mask and can live on it for up to 9 days. Moreover, if such mask worn for longer period of time, virus can enter inside the body via mouth and nasal passage. Therefore, masks should be designed such that they are effective, antiviral and comfortable to use. Recently a research showed that nanoceutical N95 mask made with Zinc Oxide nanoflower cotton fabrics were comfortable, washable, porous and light-weight which solved the common problem of carbon dioxide rebreathing and prevented the spread of virus through the pores. Nanotechnology also offers a lot of opportunities for the development of more effective and promising disinfectant systems. In Prague, nano-polymer disinfectants were sprayed on few public vehicles to check its efficiency. It was found that Nano-polymer disinfectant can work for almost 21 days as compared to traditional disinfectants. Moreover, it was also found that copper nanoparticles incorporated disinfectants could be really effective against COVID-19. Coronavirus estimated half-life on stainless steel is 5.6h and on plastics 6.8h therefore copper can be used to inactivate virus. Additionally, the efficiency of hand sanitizers could also be enhanced by introducing nanoparticles like copper, silver, gold, and quaternary ammonium cations (QUATs) due to their antiviral properties. These metals and metal oxides can be used to create a surface coating to protect the body against the covid-19 because they possess the ability to stops the binding of viral proteins with human epithelial cells and leads to the viral protein denaturation. Scaling-up these for commercial use could help in effectively preventing COVID-19 spread. These various available nano-based products help equip people for combating COVID-19. Dr. Humera Kausar Associate Professor Kinnaird College for Women University Lahore, Pakistan

scholarly journals Clinical Characterization of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan S. Naji
Keyword(s):  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cellular Immune

The world is on the brink of a pandemic due to the Novel coronavirus-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) urged countries all over the world to take necessary measures to control then new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and further limit the overwhelmingly number of people infected and falling ill to the disease. It is widely known that COVID-19 affects the lung causing pneumonia with characteristic ground-glass opacity. Few research studies outlines the effect of the Novel coronavirus on other parts of the body such as stomach, liver, and kidneys. Interestingly, COVID-19 causes a cytokine storm that overwhelms the body leading to inhibition of body’s cellular immune responses by the virus through lowering the white blood cells count specifically lymphocytes, and platelets count. This paper summarizes the effect of COVID-19 on various body organs.

scholarly journals Immunobiochemical Aspects in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Bharat Kumar Pinnelli ◽  
Mangala N. Sirsikar ◽  
W. Vishnu Vandana ◽  
Shrabani Mohanty ◽  
Wilma Delphine Silvia CR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, has spread throughout the world and is declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). A lot remains to be understood of SARS-CoV-2 and the disease (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has until recently been identified as responsible for both asymptomatic and serious life-threatening infections. The unavailability of specific therapeutic agents is a major hurdle in the treatment and management of COVID-19 patients. The present review attempts to evaluate the immunobiochemical aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Body: This review is a comprehensive evaluation of the data collected through various sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The articles were searched and selected using key words such as “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)”, “Diagnosis of COVID-19”, Pathogenesis of Covid-19”, “management of COVID-19”, “Immunology of COVID-19”, and “Complications of COVID-19”. The study noted that the novel Coronavirus infection could result in an exaggerated immune response, causing a cytokine storm and damaging several organs of the body. The infected patients develop several complications, including immunological, hematological, and biochemical alterations. Consequently, COVID-19 patients may develop cardiovascular, liver, renal, and neurological complications, among others. Conclusion: An increased understanding of the immunobiochemical aspects of the disease may contribute to better management of SARS-CoV-2-infected persons, as evidenced from the available literature. A holistic approach to the management of COVID-19 patients taking into consideration the effect of COVID-19 infection on various organs of the body assumes increased significance in patient management.

2019 Novel Coronavirus: A review on Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Current Clinical Trials in Vaccine Development

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megala Jayaraman ◽  
Sabari Krishna B. B. ◽  
Parijat Dutta ◽  
Jayesh Telang ◽  
Sreshta Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

: Coronavirus disease-2019, a viral disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified by the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), China on January 7, 2020. This mysterious respiratory epidemic occurred in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. A month later its outbreak in China, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) due to its severity and high transmission potential throughout the world, leading many nations to implement multiple lockdown sessions and strict social distancing measures. As of September 21, 2020, 30,675,675 active cases and 954,417 deaths had been reported worldwide. Intensive research is being carried out across the globe to identify precise diagnostic techniques and to develop novel, effective vaccines against the virus. Herein, we elaborate on details of epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and vaccine trials related to this pandemic.

Therapeutic Approach Against 2019-nCoV by Inhibition of the ACE-2 receptor

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajendra Kumar ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Netra Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe continued spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has prompted global concern. The formal name given to 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization is COVID-19, while the International Committee on Taxonomy has named it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to this viral attack, nations around the world have issued lockdown restrictions. Presently, there is no effective way to control the spread of 2019-nCoV, except through social distancing and hygienic activities. World-class scientists and researchers are trying to develop vaccines and medicines that will cure this deadly viral disease and control its spread. Our aim in presenting this article is to provide an easy therapeutic approach that effectively combats deadly viral diseases, such as COVID-19, with minimal intervention and effort. Different Ayurvedic therapeutic agents (Curcuma longa L, green tea, and Piper nigrum) inhibit the entry of viruses in the host cell and the transmission of pathogens, while improving immunity. Curcumin and piperine (1-piperoylpiperidine) interact with each other and form a π–π intermolecular complex that enhances the bioavailability of curcumin by inhibition of glucuronidation of curcumin in the liver. Two molecules, curcumin and catechin, bind directly to the receptor-binding domain of the S-protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor of the host cell, by which these molecules inhibit the entry of viruses in the host cell. As a result, the animal host will survive the infection.

HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM PADA IBU HAMIL DI KLINIK BIDAN SUPRIYATI SRIBIT BERBAH SLEMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Pramukti Dian Setianingrum ◽  
Farah Irmania Tsani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World

Backgroud: The World Health Organization (WHO) explained that the number of Hyperemesis Gravidarum cases reached 12.5% of the total number of pregnancies in the world and the results of the Demographic Survey conducted in 2007, stated that 26% of women with live births experienced complications. The results of the observations conducted at the Midwife Supriyati Clinic found that pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum, with a comparison of 10 pregnant women who examined their contents there were about 4 pregnant women who complained of excessive nausea and vomiting. Objective: to determine the hyperemesis Gravidarum of pregnant mother in clinic. Methods: This study used Qualitative research methods by using a case study approach (Case Study.) Result: The description of excessive nausea of vomiting in women with Hipermemsis Gravidarum is continuous nausea and vomiting more than 10 times in one day, no appetite or vomiting when fed, the body feels weak, blood pressure decreases until the body weight decreases and interferes with daily activities days The factors that influence the occurrence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum are Hormonal, Diet, Unwanted Pregnancy, and psychology, primigravida does not affect the occurrence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Conclusion: Mothers who experience Hyperemesis Gravidarum feel nausea vomiting continuously more than 10 times in one day, no appetite or vomiting when fed, the body feels weak, blood pressure decreases until the weight decreases and interferes with daily activities, it is because there are several factors, namely, hormonal actors, diet, unwanted pregnancy, and psychology.

Comparative docking of SARS-CoV-2 receptors antagonists from repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Davi Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Kelson Mota Teixeira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Receptors ◽  
Theoretical Results

According to the World Health Organisation, until 16 June, 2020, the number of confirmed and notified cases of COVID-19 has already exceeded 7.9 million with approximately 434 thousand deaths worldwide. This research aimed to find repurposing antagonists, that may inhibit the activity of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as partially modulate the ACE2 receptors largely found in lung cells, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting Nsp12 RNA polymerase. Docking molecular simulations were performed among a total of 60 structures, most of all, published in the literature against the novel coronavirus. The theoretical results indicated that, in comparative terms, paritaprevir, ivermectin, ledipasvir, and simeprevir, are among the most theoretical promising drugs in remission of symptoms from the disease. Furthermore, also corroborate indinavir to the high modulation in viral receptors. The second group of promising drugs includes remdesivir and azithromycin. The repurposing drugs HCQ and chloroquine were not effective in comparative terms to other drugs, as monotherapies, against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Current updates on COVID-19 - A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghotekar D S ◽  
Vishal N Kushare ◽  
Sagar V Ghotekar
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness such as respiratory diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. Respiratory diseases can range from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus outbreak was first documented in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been identified in humans previously. Once scientists determine exactly what coronavirus it is, they give it a name (as in the case of COVID-19, the virus causing it is SARS-CoV-2).

An approach to the understanding of the clinical-etiopathological aspect of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 862-869
Author(s):  
Meena Kumari ◽  
Monika Agrawal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Parameswarappa S Byadgi
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
The World ◽  
Polarized Epithelia ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this disease as a pandemic. The condition (COVID-19) is an infectious disorder triggered by a newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2. Most of the COVID-19 infected patients will experience mild to moderate respiratory symptoms and recover without any unique therapy. Assessment of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 cases suggests the infected patients will not be contagious until the onset of severe symptoms and affects the other organs. Well-differentiated cells of apical airway epithelia communicating with ACE2 were promptly infected to SARS-CoV-2 virus. But the expression of ACE 2 in poorly differentiated epithelia facilitated SARS spike (S) protein-pseudo typed virus entry and it is replicated in polarized epithelia and especially exited via the apical surface. Limiting the transmission of COVID-19 infection & its prevention can be regarded as a hierarchy of controls. In this article, we briefly discuss the most recent advances in respect to aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical progression of the disease COVID-19.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

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