THE CHANGES IN CLONES OF ANTIGENEREACTIVE IMMUNE LYMPHOCYTES TO DIFFERENT MICROORGANISMS DURING PARODONTITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Jashi L. ჯაში ლ. ◽  
Abashidze N. აბაშიძე ნ. ◽  
Gogebashvili N. გოგებაშვილი ნ.
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
Inflammatory Focus ◽  
Immune Lymphocytes ◽  
Healthy Persons

 The activation of clones of immune lymphocytes to streptococci takes place at parodontitis. The number of noted lymphocytes significantly increases in the blood of patients with parodontitis  as compared to healthy persons having intact parodontium (12.7±0.3 versus 3.87±0.32, P<0.001). At various forms of parodontitis the growth of antigenreactive lymphocytes  is expressed with different degrees.  Particularly sharp increase is observed during severe forms of parodontitis as compared to average and light forms (the number of antigenereactive  lymphocytes to streptococci in the blood respectively made up 16.9±0.59, 12.8±0.23, 9.5±0.27, P<0.001).  As to immune lymphocytes to staphylococci and actinomycete, their activation was not revealed at parodontitis. The quantitative indices of the noted clones of lympho- cytes in the blood did not essentially differ from analogical indices of healthy individuals (an average amount of immune lymphocytes to staphylococci and fungi made up 4.3±0.26 and 3.84±0.29, P<0.05 as compared to healthy individuals). Thus, the increase of number of lymphocytes having receptors to streptococci in the blood has been first established at parodontitis and its intensity was in direct correlation to the degree of the generalization of the process. Proceeding from the aforesaid, it is possible to think that the leukocytes accumulated as a result of chemotaxis in response to microbial aggression in the inflammatory focus, developed in the tissues of  parodontium, especially neutrophils and macrophages induce the disorganization of streptococci and their antigens, including the release of antigens common to the tissues of the organism, followed by the development of reciprocal protective and destructive immune processes.

scholarly journals Healthy individuals possess circulating antibodies against their indigenous faecal microflora as well as against allogenous faecal microflora: an immunomorphometrical study

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. Apperloo-Renkema ◽  
T. G. Jagt ◽  
R. H. J Tonk ◽  
D. van der Waaij
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Faecal Microflora

SummaryHealthy persons were shown to possess circulating antibodies of both IgA, IgG and IgM isotype directed against the bacteria of their faecal microflora, assessed by immunomorphometry. After removal, by absorption, of the fraction of antibodies directed against the autochthonous faecal bacteria or cross-reacting with allogenous faecal bacteria, there were still antibodies left directed against allogenous faecal bacteria of both the IgA, IgG and IgM isotype. However, relatively more antibodies of the IgA isotype appeared to be directed against allogenous bacteria than against indigenous faecal bacteria. Persons who reacted with specific antibodies to many bacteria of their own flora also tended to react specifically to bacteria in the allogenous microflora of the other volunteers. The patterns of antibodies directed to faecal bacteria of different morphologies (morphotypes) were unique for each individual.

scholarly journals Рhotopic Negative Response for Testing the Function of Inner Retina: Registration Requirements and Comparison in the Eyes with Natural Pupil Width and in Conditions of Drug Mydriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
V. I. Kotelin ◽  
M. O. Kirillova ◽  
M. V. Zueva ◽  
I. V. Tsapenko ◽  
A. N. Zhuravleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Photopic Negative Response ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Inner Retina ◽  
Irregular Distribution ◽  
Ganzfeld Stimulation ◽  
Blue Background ◽  
Healthy Persons

Purpose: To evaluate the possibility of registration of the photopic negative response (PhNR) without pupil dilatation in healthy individuals to determine the dysfunction of neurons of the inner retina.Methods: 12 healthy persons (23 eyes) aged 24 to 40 years were examined. Refraction anomalies did not exceed 0.5 diopters. A PhNR was evaluated in photopic ERGs recorded on a blue background with red flashes of four intensities (0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 cd·s/m2) using the RETIport/scan21 (Roland Consult). First, ERG was recorded with the natural pupil (3.5 ± 0.2 mm). Then, the recording was repeated after drug mydriasis (average pupil size 8.7 ± 0.1 mm).Results. In eyes with natural pupil width, in comparison with drug mydriasis, PhNR amplitudes in responses to weakest stimuli (0.375 cd·s/m2) were significantly reduced. The effect of pupil size on the PhNR amplitude from a baseline was virtually absent in responses to higher strength flashes. This phenomenon can be associated with an irregular distribution of light over the retina with small pupil size, the effect of which is maximal in responses to weak flashes. For the maximal brightness stimuli (3.0 cd·s/m2), differences were found between groups of non-dilated and dilated pupils in the amplitudes of the b-wave and PhNR from the b-peak, which may reflect a decrease in the number of stimulated photoreceptors during ganzfeld stimulation when the pupil is not dilated.Conclusion. The effect of pupil size on the parameters of the PhNR was most significant in the ERG with minimal flash strength and it decreases in responses to flashes of higher brightness. If it is necessary to record the ERG without drug mydriasis, especially in screening studies, it is recommended to limit the protocol to estimate the PhNR from a baseline in responses to maximal flashes, and use the relative parameter — the amplitude ratio of PhNR/b. Keywords: photopic negative response, electroretinography, pupil width

scholarly journals The Electrophoretie Mobility of Red Blood Cells of Normal Human Beings

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN ANGERS ◽  
ANTONIO ROTTINO
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Electrophoretic Behavior ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Healthy Persons

Abstract Values obtained for the electrophoretic behavior of the red blood cells of healthy individuals is presented. The technic and instrument are described in detail and the necessary attention to meticulous care is emphasized. The data presented show that in an electric field the mobility of the red blood cells of healthy persons is constant and reproducible. It was concluded that the method is extremely sensitive and precise and that it may prove of value in the study of various disease states.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF PNEUMOCOCCI: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PNEUMOCOCCI FOUND IN THE THROAT SECRETIONS OF HEALTHY PERSONS LIVING IN BOTH CITY AND COUNTRY AND THOSE OBTAINED FROM PNEUMONIC EXUDATES AND DISEASED MUCOUS MEMBRANES

1905 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Park ◽  
A. W. Williams ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Infection ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Successive Passage ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Atypical Strains

1. Typical pneumococci were present dunng the winter months in the throat secretions of a large percentage of healthy individuals in city and country. 2. A higher percentage of atypical strains of pneumococci have been obtained from healthy persons than from those suffering from pneumonia. In the latter cases the atypical strains may have been overlooked, because of the larger number of typical pneumococci present. Many of the atypical strains seem to be closely related to the streptococci. 3. The so-called Streptococcus mucosus Schottmuller, which has hitherto been classed with the distinct streptococci, is placed as a definite variety among the pneumococci, and it is recommended that the name be changed to Streptococcus lanceolatus, var. mucosus. 4. A lower percentage of strains of pneumococci virulent for rabbits in the doses used has been obtained from normal cases by rabbit inoculations of mass cultures than from cases of pneumonia by the same method. 5. Since the virulence of pneumococci may be rapidly increased for a susceptible species of experimental animal by successive passage, and since pneumococci obtained from most pneumonias are more virulent for experimental animals than are those obtained from healthy individuals, therefore the virulence of pneumococci from cases of human infection is probably increased for human beings; hence cases of pneumonia should be considered to a certain degree as contagious and, since the virulence of the pneumococcus may be quickly increased and since the organism is very prevalent in normal sputum, all possible measures should be taken to restrict public expectoration. 6. By repeated inoculations into sheep of a pneumococcus strain, a specific protective power of this serum for mice is developed against the homologous strain and against certain other strains, one morphological variety (Streptococcus lanceolatus, var.mucosus) being thus clearly differentiated from other strains. 7. Coincident with this production of protective power, a slight specific increase of the sheep serum in phagocytic power in vitro has been observed with some strains of pneumococci, all strains of Streptococcus lanceolatus, var. mucosus, acting similarly with the serum produced by the inoculation of one strain; the strains of some other varieties, however, have shown no definite relationship between the phagocytic power and the protective power of the serum.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA

1917 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest G. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Infected Patient ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lobar Pneumonia ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Healthy Persons

1. Pneumococci of Type I and Type II are responsible for the majority of the cases of lobar pneumonia. 2. Among the pneumococci found in the mouths of healthy individuals Type IV predominates, Type III is frequent, and atypical organisms of Type II are occasionally found. 3. Healthy persons intimately associated with cases of lobar pneumonia may harbor in their mouth secretions the highly parasitic pneumococcus of Types I and II. 4. Occasionally a carrier of Type I or Type II pneumococcus is encountered in whom it is impossible to trace any contact with an infected patient. 5. From the dust of homes where cases of pneumonia due to Types I and II have occurred, pneumococci of the same type may be recovered.

scholarly journals Potential Roles of the Free Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis in Periodontal Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Diao ◽  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Peiyuan Tong ◽  
Zhangke Ma ◽  
Xiangyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Healthy Persons

Saliva is a vital mediator in the oral cavity. The dysbiosis of free bacteria in saliva might be related to the onset, development, prognosis, and recurrence of periodontal diseases, but this potential relationship is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential roles of the free salivary microbiome in different periodontal statuses, their reaction to nonsurgical periodontal therapy, and differences between diseased individuals after treatment and healthy persons. We recruited 15 healthy individuals, 15 individuals with gingivitis, and 15 individuals with stage I/II generalized periodontitis. A total of 90 unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and sequenced using full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that as the severity of disease increased, from healthy to gingivitis and periodontitis, the degree of dysbiosis also increased. A higher abundance of Prevotella intermedia and Catonella morbi and a lower abundance of Porphyromonas pasteri, Prevotella nanceiensis, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae might be biomarkers of periodontitis, with an area under curve (AUC) reaching 0.9733. When patients received supragingival scaling, there were more pathogens related to recolonization in the saliva of periodontitis patients than in healthy persons. Even after effective nonsurgical periodontal therapy, individuals with periodontitis displayed a more dysbiotic and pathogenic microbial community in their saliva than healthy individuals. Therefore, the gradual transition in the entire salivary microbial community from healthy to diseased includes a gradual shift to dysbiosis. Free salivary pathogens might play an important role in the recolonization of bacteria as well as the prognosis and recurrence of periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals A CONTRIBUTION TO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA

1916 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest G. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Infected Patient ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lobar Pneumonia ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Considerable Period ◽  
Healthy Persons

1. Pneumococci of Type I and Type II are responsible for the majority of the cases of lobar pneumonia. 2. Among the pneumococci found in the mouths of healthy individuals, Type IV predominates, Type III is fairly frequent, and atypical organisms of Type II are occasionally encountered. Organisms of these types give rise to a minority of cases of lobar pneumonia. 3. Healthy persons intimately associated with cases of lobar pneumonia may harbor in their mouth secretions the highly parasitic pneumococci of Types I and II. 4. Occasionally a carrier of Type I or Type II pneumococcus is encountered in whom it is impossible to trace any contact with an infected patient. 5. Convalescents from lobar pneumonia may carry for a considerable period of time the type of pneumococcus with which they were infected.

Psychological and stress backgrounds of forming of premenstrual syndrome

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
L.V. Pakharenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Basic Group ◽  
Psychoemotional Stress ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Healthy Persons

The objective: of this study was to assess the type of temperament and stress load in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Materials and methods. The research included 200 women with diagnosis of PMS who formed basic group. The control group consisted of 50 women without PMS. The type of temperament was determined by Eysenck’s Personality Inventory test. Level of psychoemotional stress was assessed by L. Reeder’s scale. Results. Sanguines predominated among healthy individuals. While among patients with PMS more than a third part was melancholic (χ2=10.01; p=0.002) and choleric persons (χ2=4.19; p=0.04) both, number of sanguines was in 3.20 times less compared to healthy persons (χ2=29.44; p<0.001). The score of neuroticism in women in basic group was significantly higher on 17.03% compared to controls (p=0.002). The highest rate was found in patients with the severe course of the disease – on 27.50% (p<0.001). The average score of psychoemotional stress in women in control group was on 10.81% higher (p=0.01) than in patients in basic one. That is mean the greater level of stress in individuals with PMS. Conclusion. The following types of temperament as melancholic and choleric predominate among women with PMS (p<0.05). The level of neuroticism is significantly increased in patients with PMS (p=0.002). High level of psycho-emotional stress, which correlated with the severity of the disease is typical for this pathology (p<0.05). The greatest indicators of stress factor were found in patients with neuropsychical, cephalic and crisis forms of PMS. Key words: premenstrual syndrome, temperament, stress level.

Sex-steroid-binding plasma protein (SBP), testosterone, oestradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in prepuberty and puberty

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Maruyama ◽  
Norihiko Aoki ◽  
Yasuyuki Suzuki ◽  
Yasuhiro Ohno ◽  
Minoru Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Steroid Binding ◽  
Binding Plasma Protein

Abstract. Measurement of sex-steroid-binding plasma protein in serum of healthy individuals in prepuberty and puberty (74 males and 94 females) was performed using a radioimmunoassay procedure. An age-related decrease of serum SBP was demonstrated during these ages in both sexes. In parallel studies, the serum level of testosterone, oestradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone was evaluated in subjects under 20 years of age. A rise of serum dehydroepiandrosterone levels in both sexes was observed to occur at approximately 8 years of age, being a little bit earlier than the ages for testosterone to rise in males and for oestradiol to rise in females, both of them being at about 10 years of age, respectively. When the testosterone/sex-steroid-binding plasma protein ratio was evaluated as an index of free testosterone concentration in serum, a sharp increase of the ratio was found to occur at 10 years of age and to continue during puberty in both sexes with more marked increment in males than in females. It was suggested that the decrease of SBP in puberty might be largely influenced by alteration in the hormonal balance of testosterone, oestradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone.

scholarly journals IL-4 POLYMORPHISM IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Elchin Mammad oglu Huseynov
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Persons

Currently, there are isolated data on the relationship between IL-4 polymorphism (C-589T) and susceptibility to brucellosis. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of polymorphism of IL-4 (C-589T) in patients with acute brucellosis. Materials and methods: the article presents the results of surveys of 120 patients with acute brucellosis. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy persons. The diagnosis of brucellosis was based on complaints, anamnesis, epidemiological and clinical data, and the results of a specific study. The definition of the polymorphism of IL-4 (C-589T) was performed for all patients in the main and control group. A detailed description of patients with brucellosis is presented. Among the observed prevailed men and young people of working age. Results: A mild degree was established in 74 (61.66 %) patients, while severe - only in 11 (9.17 %) patients. It was determined that the genotype CT (65.83 %) was significantly more common among patients with brucellosis than in the control group, where the frequency of this genotype was only 16.66 %. While the CC genotype was 3.2 times more common among healthy individuals than among patients in the main group (76.67 % versus 24.17 %), it was found that the CC genotype of the IL-4 gene was 13 times more common in patients for acute brucellosis with mild progress than with severe. Conclusions: The genotype IL-4 (C-589T) SS is significantly associated with the mild course of brucellosis.

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