scholarly journals Female Constituency, Electoral Competition, and Local Maternity Policy in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Kim Doo Rae
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Maternity Benefits ◽  
Electoral Power

This study explores the dynamic nature of maternity policy formation by focusing on the role of the female constituency and electoral competition in rendering policy makers, regardless of their gender, more receptive to the interests of women. The study utilizes original data on maternity policy benefits collected from local governments in Korea. The results show that a strong female constituency and intense electoral competition can lead local policy makers to establish greater maternity benefits. These findings suggest that the electoral power of women in the citizenry and the political vulnerability of elected officials constitute alternative channels for female influence on the formation of local maternity policy in Korea.

Consulting Stakeholders?

2011 ◽  
pp. 328-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Vasileiadou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
Linear Problems ◽  
Modes Of Governance

The participation of stakeholders in policy formation has increased, based on the recognition that policy-makers today face increasingly complex and non-linear problems, requiring flexible modes of governance. In this chapter, I analyse the role of formalised stakeholder consultations in EU energy policy and their potential of integrating climate change issues. More specifically, I empirically investigate how stakeholder consultation processes influenced the formation of the EU Energy Communication of 2007. The analysis shows that there was limited diversity of participation in consultations, as actors from civil society or NGOs were not included. Moreover, the role of scientific knowledge in the consultations was minimal. Actors at the regional and sub-national level are generally ignored in such formalised consultation processes. Recommendations for EU policymakers and organisers of consultations are provided.

scholarly journals Local Government Efficiency in German Municipalities

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Geys ◽  
Friedrich Heinemann ◽  
Alexander Kalb
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Efficiency ◽  
Government Efficiency

AbstractThis article evaluates German local governments' cost efficiency using a sample of 1,021 municipalities in the state of Baden-Württemberg for the year 2001. We thereby concentrate on overall or 'global' efficiency scores—rather than estimate efficiency for one particular service—and explicitly account for exogenous or non-discretionary influences. The latter not only corrects for influences possibly beyond the control of local policy-makers, but also allows some indication of the determinants of such 'global' efficiency. Our results indicate that there is a substantial divergence in efficiency across municipalities despite a homogeneous institutional setting. As especially smaller municipalities appear less efficient, these results support a case for policy programmes aimed at boundary reviews or more extensive inter-communal cooperation among small municipalities.

A Unitary Model of Local Taxation and Expenditure Policies in the United States

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Unitary Model ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
State And Local

Two models of local policy formation can be set forth. Although they are complementary rather than competing models, for heuristic purposes it is useful to present them as contrasting approaches. Since the first, the bargaining model, is well known, I shall concentrate in this paper on elaborating and applying a second, unitary model of policy making. The paper is divided into four main parts. After briefly identifying the limitations of the bargaining model, the first part develops the theoretical rationale for the unitary model. The second part uses the model to analyse empirically differences in the revenue sources for national, state and local governments. Part 3 does the same for expenditure policies, and, in the course of the analysis, distinguishes among three types of public policy – developmental, allocational and redistributive. In the final part, hypotheses deduced from the model are tested by means of a regression analysis of state and local expenditures.

Assessing the impact Of city manager ideology On local expenditures

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-221
Author(s):  
Carrie Blanchard Bush ◽  
Ellen M. Key ◽  
Robert D. Eskridge
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
City Manager ◽  
City Managers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Local Expenditures

This research explores the role of political ideology in local policy formation by assessing the impact of the city manager's ideology on local expenditures. While previous studies have identified nuanced and overlapping roles between administration and politics, here we extend those investigations by positing that ideology may influence a manager's role in the policy formation of the budget. Although some conceptualizations of city managers assume them to be largely apolitical in a partisan sense, we find a significant effect of ideology on local expenditures among city managers. This adds to the literature that suggests that city managers may not merely passively implement policies created by elected officials; rather city managers may influence policy in multifaceted ways, thereby driving a need to further investigate individual influences upon policy formation.

The dynamic role of governments in adopting policy innovations in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Huang ◽  
Felix Wiebrecht
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Perceived Ownership ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
Level Government

A growing number of studies have paid attention to the dynamic nature of vertical government interactions in authoritarian China. Yet, less attention has been paid to the question of why higher-level governments play different roles in diverse cases of innovation adoptions. Building on the extant literature, this study introduces the concept of innovation copyright, that is, the perceived ownership of the innovation, to explain the different roles of higher-level government involvement in innovation adoption. A comparative case study of policy innovations in China highlights that if higher-level governments perceive that they own the innovation copyright, they act as proactive facilitators, and if higher-level governments perceive that the innovation copyright belongs to local governments, they are involved as political backers. The copyright structures the expectations of higher-level and local governments and as a consequence determines their roles in innovation adoptions.

Tevredenheid over het lokaal beleid in Gent

Res Publica ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-631
Author(s):  
Carl Devos ◽  
Herwig Reynaert ◽  
Dries Verlet
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
New Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Determinants

According to the new public management, the interaction between (local) governments and their citizens should be "client oriented". It is considered crucial for (local) policy-makers that they know how citizens perceive the policy process, that they know if citizens are satisfied with policy outcomes.Our empirical study deals with the satisfaction with global local policy. We examine the main determinants of satisfaction with global local policy. This study is based on a face-to-face survey among citizens entitled to vote in Ghent. More than 1500 respondents, spread over 2 surveys, took part in our research.  Attention is also paid to the satisfaction with more specific aspects of local policy. We linked the voter's satisfaction with the global local policy to a wide range of traditional and less traditional independent variables. Finally, we discuss the satisfaction of the electorate of the different political parties.

scholarly journals Questioning the Role of Tourism as an Engine for Resilience: The Role of Accessibility and Economic Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan-Constantin Ibanescu ◽  
Mihail Eva ◽  
Alexandra Gheorghiu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Valid Evidence ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The Impact

During the last decades, tourism activities were promoted by local and regional policy-makers as a universal solution for rural areas’ suffering from massive depopulation, technological delay, or economical struggles. A large debate flourished in the literature on whether and to what extent tourism could play a role in supporting rural localities. Some valid evidence was brought by researchers backing the cure-all role of tourism, as well as by those who criticized the limited, or even negative, impact of tourism on rural areas. However, following the economic crisis of 2008, the attention switched to a newer and more relevant topic: Does tourism increase the resilience performance of rural areas? Our paper tries to answer this question by focusing on both economic and demographic resilience, which are the most sensitive sectors during an important shock. Following a detailed territorial breakdown according to a twofold typology (spatial accessibility and number of employees), correlations were used to determine the impact of tourism activities on building resilience for each type of rural territory. The results indicated a positive effect of tourism activities upon economic and demographic resilience performance in highly accessible rural areas, while in peripheral areas, the impact was insignificant. This paper provides new insights into the various roles that tourism plays in rural areas and offers suggestions for local policy-makers.

Regional Synergies in Triple Helix Regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Lawton Smith ◽  
Rupert Waters
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
University Industry

This paper examines the role of universities in delivering regional/local policy and the extent to which they help formulate that policy. It explores the incentives for universities to act. Two examples are the availability of government funding designed to foster university–industry interaction and the existence of specific local agenda that are of mutual interest to both universities and local policy makers. The paper also highlights the converse – policy might follow from the observed actions of the impact of universities' excellence (for example, the formation of university spin-offs). The authors consider how both translate into active involvement in local policy making using the case of the Oxfordshire high-tech economy. Oxfordshire is an important high-tech economy dominated by one of the world's leading research universities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Location Factors of Businesses by Local Authorities of Eastern Poland, with a Particular Emphasis on Spatial Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Serocka
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Spatial Policy ◽  
Active Implementation ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
Relevant Factors

Abstract Conditions underlying the undertaking and developing of a business enterprise in a specific location are strictly connected to the state and any possible modifications of the spatial management in a given area, and the local government of every municipality is obliged to ensure spatial order and to manage the land resources so as to take into account their economic assets. The main purpose of this study was to identify the role of a variety of relevant factors as well as the activities performed by local governments in eastern Poland that arise from with the local policy of a municipality, the smallest unit in Poland’s administrative division, in connection with the location of business enterprises. The research enabled us to determine what activities in the domain of spatial policy are implemented by local governments and what role they play in the enhancement of economic values of a municipality. The results also helped to indicate which spatial policy factors lose and which gain importance in the context of conducting a business activity. The most important factor in terms of the location a business investment in a given area is the active implementation of the municipality’s spatial policy. The factor that gains the highest importance in the eyes of entrepreneurs is the condition of technical infrastructure.

scholarly journals Economics of Solid Waste Management: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muniyandi Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
City Management ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Many

Solid Waste Management is one of the importance environmental issues at many developing countries. There is a lack of studies on economic analysis of solid waste management in the many cities at the national and international level. Most of the Municipal Corporation or city management is the major responsibility for better waste management. However, the local governments has been allocated budget for solid waste management without analysing cost and benefit of solid waste. Although, waste management budget is focusing on collected waste but, uncollected waste has been creating a number of socio, economic and health issues. Therefore, this chapter has presents a details review on economics of solid waste management at the various developing and developed countries. The main policy implication of the paper is to emphasis on better understanding of economic importance of solid waste management to the local policy makers.

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