Đánh giá biến chứng của phẫu thuật đặt lại xương sọ: Tỷ lệ và các yếu tố liên quan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Trọng Yên ◽  
Nguyễn Xuân Tùng
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Exact Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá các biến chứng của phẫu thuật đặt lại bản sọ sau các phẫu thuật mở sọ giải áp và xác định mối liên quan với một số yếu tố nguy cơ. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Hồi cứu 202 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật đặt lại bản sọ sau phẫu thuật mở sọ giải áp do các nguyên nhân khác nhau tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108, từ tháng 8 năm 2018 đến tháng 1 năm 2021. Tất cả các bệnh nhân đều được theo dõi ít nhất 6 tháng sau phẫu thuật. Các biến chứng chính được thống kê và đánh giá trong mối liên quan với một số yếu tố nguy cơ: Nguyên nhân mở sọ giải áp, các bệnh kèm theo (tăng huyết áp, tiểu đường, dùng thuốc chống đông), vị trí khuyết xương, thời điểm tiến hành phẫu thuật đặt lại bản sọ… Các thuật toán được sử dụng để phân tích bao gồm Student’s t-test, Chi-square tests và Fisher’s exact tests. Khoảng tin cậy được tính là 95%. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ biến chứng chung sau phẫu thuật là 23,26%. Các biến chứng thường gặp: Nhiễm trùng (6,44%), tiêu sập mảnh ghép (6,44%), động kinh (6,44%), chảy máu (3,46%). Thời gian đặt lại bản sọ sớm (trong vòng 3 tháng sau phẫu thuật giải áp) và sự rối loạn lưu thông dịch tủy là những yếu tố nguy cơ làm tăng tỷ lệ biến chứng (p<0,05). Một số yếu tố liên quan: Thời điểm đặt lại bản sọ sớm (< 3 tháng) liên quan đến tình trạng nhiễm trùng và tiêu sập mảnh ghép với giá trị p<0,05, thời điểm đặt lại bản sọ muộn có mối liên quan đến tình trạng động kinh (p=0,007). Sự rối loạn lưu thông dịch tủy có liên quan đến tình trạng động kinh và tiêu sập mảnh ghép (p<0,05). Kết luận: Mặc dù phẫu thuật tạo hình hộp sọ là một phẫu thuật đơn giản, nhưng nó thường có tỷ lệ biến chứng tương đối cao. Kiểm soát các yếu tố nguy cơ của bệnh nhân và nhận biết sớm các biến chứng có thể giúp các bác sĩ tránh được các biến chứng.

scholarly journals The evolution of neuropsychiatric symptoms during treatment for hyperthyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Oana-Maria NICOLA (MARIOARA) ◽  
◽  
Alice Elena GHENEA ◽  
Cristina-Nicoleta VLĂDOIANU ◽  
Valentin CARLIG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Antithyroid Drug Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hamd Score ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction. The link between the action of thyroid hormones and neurological, cognitive and affective function is well known. The aim of the study is to evaluate the changes of hormone’s value and symptoms at hyperthyroid patients after 6 months and 1 year of treatment. Materials and methods. In our study, we enrolled 80 patients with hyperthyroidism (new cases) and we asked them to fill out a questionnaire three times: first time was when they were into a thyrotoxic state (before the antithyroid drug therapy – ATD) and after that during ATD treatment (when they were into an euthyroid state after 6-12 months of treatment, average 7 months). Results. There is no statistically significant difference between the ages of the study and control groups (p Student’s t -test = 0.207 > 0.005), nor between the distributions according to gender (p Chi square test = 0.827) or area of residence (p Chi square test = 0.820). For HAMD score, there is highly significant differences (p < 0.001) before treatment, a statistically significant difference after 6 months (p Student’s t-test = 0.015 < 0.05), and no statistically significant difference after 1 year. Conclusion. Depression and anxiety were improved following thyroid function normalization in hyperthyroidism.

Statistical Inference

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-139
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Statistical inference allows drawing conclusions from data. These analyses use a random sample of data taken from a population to describe and make inferences about the population. Inferential statistics are valuable when it is not convenient or possible to examine each member of an entire population. In this chapter, some concepts like ANOVA, Student's t-test, Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test will be presented. Given the insight of a particular phenomenon, after reading this chapter, the analyst will be able to, from that knowledge, infer possible new results.

scholarly journals Recent Rainfall Trends in the Aegean Region of Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1873-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Levend Asikoglu ◽  
Dogangun Ciftlik
Keyword(s):  
Kendall Test ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
T Test ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract This study is intended to determine potential trends in annual rainfall series with the parametric Student’s t test and the nonparametric Mann–Kendall, Spearman’s rho, and Sneyers tests. The study includes a trend analysis of annual rainfall data from 47 rain gauges, mostly located at rural sites, in the Aegean region of Turkey. The chi-square and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests showed that the null hypothesis of normality for the majority of the data (45 out of 47 stations) is acceptable. Moreover, the serial independence assumption, based on the lag-1 sample autocorrelations, is rejected in 14 datasets. The parametric Student’s t test detected significant downward trends at 15 rain gauge stations; 14 of them were also confirmed by the three nonparametric tests and by the trend-free version of the Mann–Kendall test. The results of the Sneyers test revealed that the approximate start years of significant downward trends were in the early 1970s and, sometimes, in the early 1980s. Moreover, the testing found that the normalized slopes of linear downward trends were significantly dependent on the station’s longitude, which meant that the farther the station was located from the coast, the smaller the decreasing trend in annual rainfall was. Additional studies carried out on the normalized regional data and on the 5-yr running means showed that a considerable portion of the detected downward trends were mainly due to interactions of the particular start and end times of a large number of stations with interdecadal fluctuations and the dry conditions over the Mediterranean region during the last 25–30 years.

scholarly journals Η διακύμανση των μεταβολικών παραμέτρων πριν και μετά εφαρμογή CPAP σε ασθενείς με υπνοαπνοϊκό σύνδρομο

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Καταλίν Φέκετε
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Student’S T Test

Το Σύνδρομο Αποφρακτικών Απνοιών-Υποπνοιών στον ύπνο (ΣΑΑΥΥ) έχει συσχετιστεί με την παρουσία αυξημένης δραστηριότητας του συμπαθητικού συστήματος, ενδοκρινικών διαταραχών και μεταβολικών ανωμαλιών. Ο σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν να διερευνήσει: την πιθανή επίδραση του ΣΑΑΥΥ στον μεταβολικό ρυθμό ηρεμίας (ΜΡΗ) όπως αυτός μετράται αμέσως προ και μετά τον νυχτερινό ύπνο, την επίδραση εφ’ άπαξ εφαρμογής συσκευής ρινικής continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) στη μεταβλητότητα του ΜΡΗ μεταξύ ασθενών με ΣΑΑΥΥ και τον επιπολασμό του μεταβολικού συνδρόμου, μεταξύ ασθενών με ΣΑΑΥΥ και μαρτύρων χωρίς ΣΑΑΥΥ. Πρόκειται για μια ενσωματωμένη σε κοόρτη μελέτη ασθενών και μαρτύρων. Συγκροτήθηκαν δύο ομάδες: η ομάδα των αρρένων ασθενών με ΣΑΑΥΥ και η όμοια σε φύλο και ηλικία ομάδα των μαρτύρων, δηλαδή των ατόμων χωρίς ΣΑΑΥΥ. Και οι δύο ομάδες υπεβλήθησαν σε ανθρωπομετρικές μετρήσεις, πολυκαταγραφική μελέτη ύπνου και μέτρηση του ΜΡΗ με έμμεση θερμιδομετρία προ και μετά του ύπνου. Οι ασθενείς με ΣΑΑΥΥ επανέλαβαν τις μετρήσεις του ΜΡΗ προ και μετά την εφ’ άπαξ εφαρμογή συσκευής CPAP. Ο ΜΡΗ συγκρίθηκε προ και μετά ύπνου σε κάθε ομάδα χρησιμοποιώντας το paired t-test κατά ζεύγη ανάλυση ή το βαθμονομημένη δοκιμασία κατά Wilcoxon, ανάλογα με την κανονικότητα ή μη της κατανομής των μεταβλητών. Οι συγκρίσεις μεταξύ των ομάδων ασθενών-μαρτύρων και μεταξύ των σταδίων βαρύτητας του ΣΑΑΥΥ πραγματοποιήθηκε με χρήση του Student’s t-test ή του Mann-Whitney U test, για τις συνεχείς μεταβλητές και με το Chi-square test για τις κατηγορικές μεταβλητές. Ο επιπολασμός του μεταβολικού συνδρόμου ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερος μεταξύ των ασθενών σε σύγκριση με τους μάρτυρες και σημαντικά υψηλότερος μεταξύ των ασθενών με μέτριο ή βαρύ. Σε ασθενείς με ΣΑΑΥΥ ο ΜΡΗ μετρούμενος προ και μετά του ύπνου ήταν σημαντικά διαφορετικός. Επιπλέον ανάλυση ανέδειξε ότι οι διαφορές στον ΜΡΗ προ και μετά του ύπνου ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικές μεταξύ των ασθενών με μέσης βαρύτητας και βαρύ σύνδρομο, αλλά όχι μεταξύ αυτών με ήπιο σύνδρομο. Μεταξύ των μαρτύρων δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στις τιμές του ΜΡΗ προ και μετά του ύπνου. Έπειτα από εφ’ άπαξ εφαρμογή ρινικής CPAP οι ασθενείς με επαρκή ανταπόκριση σε αυτό παρουσίασαν παρόμοιες τιμές ΜΡΗ προ και μετά του ύπνου. Αντίθετα, οι ασθενείς με μη επαρκή ανταπόκριση, οι διαφορές στις τιμές του ΜΡΗ προ και μετά ύπνου, παρέμειναν στατιστικά σημαντικές. Το μεταβολικό σύνδρομο είναι μια συνήθης μεταβολική διαταραχή μεταξύ ασθενών με ΣΑΑΥΥ και ειδικότερα μεταξύ αυτών με βαρύτερη νόσο. Οι ασθενείς με μέτριας βαρύτητας ή βαρύ ΣΑΑΥΥ παρουσιάζουν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφοροποιήσεις στην τιμή του ΜΡΗ προ και μετά του νυχτερινού ύπνου, σε σύγκριση τόσο με τους ασθενείς με ήπιο σύνδρομο, όσο και με τους μάρτυρες χωρίς ΣΑΑΥΥ. Η εφ’ άπαξ χορήγηση ρινικής CPAP εξαλείφει τις διαφοροποιήσεις στις μετρήσεις του ΜΡΗ προ και μετά ύπνου μεταξύ των ασθενών με επαρκή ανταπόκριση στη θεραπεία, αλλά όχι μεταξύ των υπολοίπων.

scholarly journals Ανοσολογική διερεύνηση των παιδιών με κοιλιοκάκη

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρουδιά Κρίνη
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
T Test ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν να διερευνήσει την κατανομή των HLA-DRB1, DQA1 και DQB1 αλληλομόρφων γονιδίων, των απλοτύπων και γονοτύπων στον ελληνικό παιδιατρικό πληθυσμό με κοιλιοκάκη, σε σύγκριση με τους υγιείς μάρτυρες, και να αξιολογήσει την επίδραση των HLA τάξης ΙΙ γονιδίων στην επιδεκτικότητα της νόσου. Παράλληλα, αναζητήθηκαν συσχετίσεις του HLA-γενετικού υποστρώματος των ασθενών με τα κλινικά, επιδημιολογικά, ορολογικά και ιστολογικά χαρακτηριστικά της νόσου.Μελετήθηκαν 118 παιδιά με κοιλιοκάκη ελληνικής καταγωγής. Oι συμπτωματικοί ασθενείς ταξινομήθηκαν σε 3 ομάδες ως εξής: ομάδα Α = DQB1*02 ομοζυγώτες, ομάδα Β = DQB1*02 ετεροζυγώτες και ομάδα Γ = DQB1*02 αρνητικοί ασθενείς. Ως ομάδα ελέγχου, για τη σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων της HLA τυποποίησης των ασθενών, χρησίμευσε η HLA τυποποίηση 120 υγιών ατόμων, δοτών αίματος και μυελού των οστών, μη συγγενών μεταξύ τους, ελληνικής καταγωγής και εθνικότητας. Η γονιδιακή HLA τυποποίηση πραγματοποιήθηκε με τις μεθόδους PCR-SSP και PCR-SSO. Η στατιστική ανάλυση περιελάμβανε τα Pearson’s Chi-Square test, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney και Kruskal-Wallis test. Ο βαθμός τη σχέσης ελέγχθηκε με ακριβή λογιστική παλινδρόμηση (exact logistic regression) και παρουσιάστηκε ως λόγος σχετικών πιθανοτήτων (odds ratios, OR). Tα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν στατιστικά αυξημένη συχνότητα των HLA-DQB1*02:01, DQB1*02:02, DQA1*02:01, DQA1*05:01, DRB1*03 και DRB1*07 και στατιστικά μειωμένη συχνότητα των HLA-DQB1*03:01, DQB1*05:01, DQB1*05:02, DQA1*01:01, DQA1*01:02, DQA1*01:04, DQA1*05:05, DRB1*01 και DRB1*16 στους ασθενείς σε σύγκριση με τους υγιείς μάρτυρες. Σε επίπεδο απλοτύπων, ο κύριος συσχετιζόμενος με την κοιλιοκάκη απλότυπος ήταν ο DR3-DQ2 και ακολούθησε ο DR7-DQ2. Το 95,8% των ασθενών με κοιλιοκάκη εκφράζει το DQ2 ή/και το DQ8 μόριο. Μόνο ένας στους 118 ασθενείς, που αντιστοιχεί σε πιθανότητα 0,8%, δεν εκφράζει κανένα από τα συσχετιζόμενα με την κοιλιοκάκη αλλήλια και είναι DQ2/DQ8/DQA1*05/DQB1*02 - αρνητικός. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης έδειξαν μια στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στον τίτλο των ΕΜΑ αντισωμάτων μεταξύ των ομάδων Α και Γ. Αναλυτικά, οι τίτλοι των ΕΜΑ αντισωμάτων είναι σημαντικά υψηλότεροι στους HLA-DQB1*02 ομοζυγώτες σε σχέση με τους HLA-DQB1*02 αρνητικούς ασθενείς, γεγονός που πιθανόν να αντανακλά μια HLA-DQB1*02 δοσοεξαρτώμενη επίδραση στον τίτλο των ΕΜΑ αντισωμάτων.Συμπερασματικά, η παρούσα διατριβή περιγράφει για πρώτη φορά στον ελληνικό παιδιατρικό πληθυσμό τη συχνότητα εμφάνισης των HLA τάξης ΙΙ αλληλομόρφων γονιδίων, απλοτύπων και γονοτύπων, και επιβεβαιώνει τη συμβολή των HLA τάξης ΙΙ γονιδίων στη γενετική προδιάθεση της νόσου. Επιπλέον, παρέχει στοιχεία που υποδηλώνουν μια πιθανή HLΑ-DQB1*02 δοσοεξαρτώμενη επίδραση στον τίτλο των ΕΜΑ αντισωμάτων.

scholarly journals Nurses' leadership styles in the icu: association with personal and professional profile and workload

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pazetto Balsanelli ◽  
Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha ◽  
Iveth Yamaguchi Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Nursing Workload ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study aims to explore the association between nurses' leadership styles and personal and professional nursing profile and workload. The sample consisted of seven nurses and seven nursing technicians who were grouped into pairs. At the end of three months, nurses were queried regarding what leadership style would be adopted when the nursing technician under their evaluation delivered care to patients admitted to the ICU. Relevant data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, Tukey's multiple comparison test and Student's t-test (p< 0.05). Nursing workload reached 80.1% on average. The personal and professional profile variables did not show any relation with the leadership styles chosen by nurses (p>0.05). The determine, persuade, and share leadership styles prevailed. However, whenever the nursing workload peaked, the determine and persuade styles were used (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Intravesical prostaglandin e2 effectiveness in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubo-cervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny: a prospective randomized clinical trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. QUADRI ◽  
N. NATALE ◽  
C. SPREAFICO ◽  
C. BELLONI ◽  
D. BARISANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Intravesical prostaglandin E2 is effective in the recovery of spontaneous voiding after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. STUDY DESIGN: From November 1996 to June 1999 fifty women underwent the Lahodny procedure for moderate/severe cystocele and stress urinary incontinence. Women were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 study groups: intravesical prostaglandin E2 versus controls. Data obtained were analyzed with the Student t test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Two patients of the treatment group had to be excluded from the study, one because of the wrong measurement of the post-voidal residual volume and another due to a fastidious burning sensation which appeared immediately after prostaglandin instillation and required the suspension of the treatment. No other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia were observed. Patients who underwent the prostaglandin E2 treatment showed a recovery of spontaneous voiding after 7.9&plusmn;6.7 days, whereas this interval was significantly longer in the control group, being 12.9&plusmn;9.7 days (p=0.04, Two tailed Unpaired Student's T test). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness and the low associated morbidity mark the treatment with intravesical prostaglandin E2 useful in the recovery of normal voiding after transvaginal pubocervical fascia reconstruction and short arm sling with the procedure according to Lahodny.

scholarly journals Study of Relationship of Anemia among Edentulous Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Lijo Isaac ◽  
A. P. Nirmal Raj ◽  
Reshma Karkera ◽  
R Naveen Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Student’S T Test

Very little studies were done on relationship of the dental status and the nutritional status. The present study was done to study relation between edentulism and the presence of anemia. The study was included of 46 adult patients with edentulism and same numbers of patients were taken as controls. The results were tabulated and analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 20 using student’s t test. The hemoglobin levels were lower in the edentulous patients that that of the control group. The present study had shown that the nutritional status were poor resulting in anemia in case of edentulous patients as compared to control group with the same age group.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document