Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Ghana

Background: A proven strategy for saving lives from vaccine-preventable diseases is the timely vaccination of the people. In Ghana, there is considerable hesitation about the Covid-19 vaccines due to anxieties and uncertainties about their safety. With varying perceptions and believes being developed about Covid-19 vaccines, there is a likely negative effect on vaccine acceptance or otherwise. This study aims to ascertain the levels of acceptance of potential Covid-19 vaccine among Ghanaian adults, to identify predictors of vaccine acceptance or hesitance. Methodology: A web based cross-sectional survey conducted among Ghanaians above 18 years, conducted between the month of February and March, 2021. Data were collected by administering online google forms (Questionnaire). The questionnaire was shared through social media platforms. A snowball sampling technique was used where researchers shared google forms to close friends and family. Analyses were conducted at p-value <0.05 using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and logistic regression. Results: A total of 350 responses were achieved by end of data collection. Out of these, only 348 were considered for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Majority of the respondents (65.2%) were male, a third (30%) of them live in rural areas and about 57.5% were married. Factors such as age, educational level, prior vaccine acceptance history, personal vulnerability and self-feeling of health were significantly associated with covid-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion: The results depict low acceptance rate for potential covid-19 vaccine among Ghanaians. Government and MoH should engage the media on its role in combating misinformation with regards the Covid-19 vaccine. Key words: coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), vaccine, hesitance, acceptance.

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Acute food insecurity and short-term coping strategies of urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020: report of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e043365

Author(s):

Subhasish Das ◽

Md. Golam Rasul ◽

Md Shabab Hossain ◽

Ar-Rafi Khan ◽

Md Ashraful Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Rural Households ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Insecure Households

IntroductionWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the extent and to identify the determinants of food insecurity and coping strategies in urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the month-long, COVID-19 lockdown period.SettingSelected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.Participants106 urban and 106 rural households.Outcome variables and methodHousehold food insecurity status and the types of coping strategies were the outcome variables for the analyses. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants.ResultsWe found that around 90% of the households were suffering from different grades of food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was higher in urban (42%) than rural (15%) households. The rural households with mild/moderate food insecurity adopted either financial (27%) or both financial and food compromised (32%) coping strategies, but 61% of urban mild/moderate food insecure households applied both forms of coping strategies. Similarly, nearly 90% of severely food insecure households implemented both types of coping strategies. Living in poorest households was significantly associated (p value <0.05) with mild/moderate (regression coefficient, β: 15.13, 95% CI 14.43 to 15.82), and severe food insecurity (β: 16.28, 95% CI 15.58 to 16.97). The statistically significant (p <0.05) determinants of both food compromised and financial coping strategies were living in urban areas (β: 1.8, 95% CI 0.44 to 3.09), living in poorest (β: 2.7, 95% CI 1 to 4.45), poorer (β: 2.6, 95% CI 0.75 to 4.4) and even in the richer (β: 1.6, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.9) households and age of the respondent (β: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.21).ConclusionBoth urban and rural households suffered from moderate to severe food insecurity during the month-long lockdown period in Bangladesh. But, poorest, poorer and even the richer households adopted different coping strategies that might result in long-term economic and nutritional consequences.

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COVID-19 vaccine demand, hesitancy, and nationalism: a case of protection motivation behavior in Bangladesh

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.15029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 1388-1395

Author(s):

Mostafizur Rahman ◽

Afnan Hossain ◽

Abu Sufian ◽

Nahida Anwar

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Protection Motivation ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Behavioral Studies ◽

Social Media Platforms ◽

Specific Health

Introduction: Immunization, as a process of fighting against the COVID-19, has gained important research appeal, but very limited endeavor has been paid for vaccine behavioral studies in underdeveloped and developing countries. This study explores the vaccine demand, hesitancy, and nationalism as well as vaccine acceptance and domestic vaccine preference among young adults in Bangladesh. Methodology: This quantitative study followed the snowball sampling technique and collected responses from 1,018 individuals from various social media platforms. The analysis covered both descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square, F-statistic, and logistic regression. Results: The findings of the fully-adjusted regression model suggest that the individuals who had more vaccine demand were 3.29 times (95% confidence interval = 2.39-4.54; p < 0.001) higher to accept vaccine compared to those who had no vaccine demand. Conversely, vaccine hesitancy was negatively associated with vaccine acceptance. Here, the odds ratio was found 0.70 (95% confidence interval = 0.62-0.80; p < 0.001), which means that those who had higher vaccine hesitancy were about 30% less likely to accept vaccines than those who had no hesitancy. In addition, the persons who had vaccine nationalism were 1.75 times (95% confidence interval = 1.62-1.88; p < 0.001) more prone to prefer domestic vaccine. Conclusions: This study suggests that policymakers may take initiatives for making people aware and knowledgeable about the severity and vulnerability to specific health threats. In this concern, perception and efficacy-increasing programs may take part in increasing protection motivation behaviors like vaccine acceptance and (domestic) vaccine preference.

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Knowledge and Attitude of Antibiotic Use among Public in Rural Area of Cempaka, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan

Borneo Journal of Pharmacy ◽

10.33084/bjop.v4i3.2118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 238-247

Author(s):

Nurul Mardiati ◽

Rahmayanti Fitriah ◽

Nadia Wahyu Artati ◽

Wika Tiarawati ◽

Muhammad Zaini

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Test Method ◽

Survey Method ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics

The high intensity of antibiotics relatively uses causes various problems for health, especially bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Lack of public knowledge about the rationale of antibiotics is a factor that can trigger bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study aims to assess the public's knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use in rural areas Cempaka, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey method in which closed-ended questionnaires were distributed to 380 rural residents in the village of Cempaka proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with the Chi-Square statistical test method. In conclusion, the rural residents demonstrated moderate knowledge (83.2%) and a positive attitude towards antibiotic use (97.4%). There is no significant association between both knowledge level and of antibiotics on the attitude towards antibiotic use.

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How COVID-19 is Affecting Apprentices

BioMedica ◽

10.51441/biomedica//biomedica/5-423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2S) ◽

pp. 265-269

Author(s):

Shamaila Hassnain ◽

Naureen Omar

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

World Health ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The World

Background and Objective: Coronavirus induced disease (COVID-19) is affecting people all around the world. The rising number of deaths due to COVID-19 is not only harassing people but also causing strong emotions in adults as well as in children due to anxiety, fear and stress. The objective of this study was to assess the fears, anxiety and stress due to COVID-19 pandemic and related issues among the apprentices at various levels in different parts of world. Methods: It was a cross sectional survey design to assess the students/trainee’s immediate psychological response during COVID-19 outbreak by using an anonymous online questionnaire. A snowball sampling technique was conducted focusing general public all around the world from 3rd April 2020 till 7th April 2020. A total of N=354 participants filled the form completely. The structured questionnaire collected information on demographic data and psychological aspect of this outbreak, including extreme fear and uncertainty. Results: A total of N = 354 participants completed the questionnaire; majority were from the age group of 21–30 years. Approximately 66.4% were females and 33.6% males. Participants from Asia were 83.6% while 9.9%, 3.4%, 2.8% and 1% from America/Canada, Europe, Africa and Australia respectively. Out of n = 354 participants 59.3% were relying on health professionals for authentic source of information regarding COVID-19 while 16.4%, 15% and 5.4% considered social media, television and World Health Organization (WHO) website respectively as their authentic guide. Out of the (n = 354) participants 80.5% were afraid about health status during COVID-19 most predominantly females (66.3%) (P = 0.000). A total of 65.8% participants felt agitated or irritated in this outbreak. Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdowns are affecting both physical and mental health of students and apprentices enrolled at different levels of education. Females are more affected and concerned to their loved ones and themselves. Working norms are being maintained and responsibilities are being fulfilled despite this grave situation.

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Hubungan Peran Ketua Tim dengan Kinerja Perawat dalam Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Jambi

Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi ◽

10.36565/jab.v10i1.321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Fithriyani Fithriyani ◽

Miko Eka Putri

Keyword(s):

Nursing Care ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Team Leader ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Team Members

The quality of service can be determined from the performance of the nurse in providing nursing care. The success of the team method in carrying out the nursing process is determined by the ability of the team leader to assign tasks to team members and direct work to the team. This study aims to knowing the relationship between the role of the team leader and the performance of nurses in documenting nursing care at the Jambi Provincial Psychiatric Hospital. A quantitative method with a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires The sampling technique was total sampling so that the sample size was 106 nurseswith analysis using the chi square test. The data were analyzed using statistical software. This study investigates the role of team leaders and nurses' performance in documenting nursing care. the role of the team leader in documenting nursing care was 54.1% good. the performance of nurses in documenting nursing care was 53.2% good. The statistical test results showed that the p value (0,000) <0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship between the role of the team leader and the performance of nurses in nursing care documentation.This significant relationship explains that the role of the team leader will have a good influence on the documentation of nursing care carried out by the nurse in charge

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Assessment of immunization status of 12 to 23 months old children in rural Patna

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 328

Author(s):

Ayesha K. Rahman ◽

Jamil Raazi

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Dropout Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cluster Technique ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Immunization Status

Background: For immunization to be effective in decreasing the cases of vaccine preventable diseases and deaths, every child needs to be fully immunized. The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the immunization status and vaccination coverage of 12-23 months old children in the rural areas of Patna district.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the rural areas of Patna. The study was conducted using 30 cluster technique. The proforma designed by UNICEF was used as a study tool.Results: The vaccination coverage for bacille calmette guerin, pentavalent 1, 2 and 3 and measles were respectively 93.63%, 98.18%, 90%, 84.54% and 76.36%. The proportions of fully immunized children were 80.90%, partially immunized 19.10% and no unimmunized children. The dropout rate was 9.7% for BCG-DPT3, 14.56% for BCG-Measles and 13.83% for DPT1-DPT3.Conclusions: Although the vaccination coverage shows higher coverage but the dropout rates are still more than acceptable standards.

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Impact of Junk food on Physical and Mental health of the Youngsters in Bhopal city - A Cross Sectional Survey Study

International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine ◽

10.47552/ijam.v11i2.1418 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 184-192

Author(s):

Ravi Verma ◽

Charu Bansal ◽

Trupti Jain

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Survey Study ◽

P Value ◽

Junk Food ◽

Health Consequences ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background- Ayurveda has given a unique concept of Viruddha Ahara. Junk food an energy-dense food could be consider as Viruddha Ahara because of its serious physical and mental health consequences. Aim - Find out the frequency of consumption of Junk food preparation and their effects on Physical & Mental health in the youngsters of Bhopal city with special reference to Viruddha Ahara. Study Design- was Observational cross sectional study. Material and Method- Modified Questionnaire based on WHO STEPS1, 2 and 3 guidelines was used to collect the data. 600 youngsters of age group between 12-25 years from various schools and colleges of Bhopal city were selected by stratified random sampling technique and Statistical Analysis was done with epi infoTM version 7 software. Appropriate statistical tests were applied such as frequency distribution, cross tabulation (M x N/ 2 x 2 Table), chi square test, z statistics and logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (C.I) and p-value (significant <0.05) were also calculated as per need. Result- It was observed that all subjects were consuming different kinds of junk food with high mean frequency that was 3.28 days per week. Maximum youngsters were suffering from various physical and mental health consequences like 80.83% subjects were suffering from nutritional problem, 73.50% skin problems, 73.33 % GIT problems and 58.67% had anxiety disorder and 38.50% had recognised with mood disorder. Conclusion: The result of the survey study indicating that serious health consequences are developing in youngsters by consumption of viruddha ahara (Junk Food) and that could be converted them in chronic disease patients in near future.

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Energy sources for cooking and its determinants in rural areas of Tanzania

Independent Journal of Management & Production ◽

10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.796 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 934

Author(s):

Michael Shadrack Mangula ◽

Joseph A. Kuzilwa ◽

Simon S. Msanjila ◽

Isack Legonda

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Survey Design ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Using traditional sources of energy for cooking in rural areas of Tanzania is associated with problems such as lung diseases, soil erosion and air pollution. This paper identifies the energy sources used for cooking and its determinants in rural areas of Tanzania. Cross-sectional survey design through questionnaire was used to collect data from 384 households living in rural areas of Njombe and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to sample districts, wards and villages, while rural heads of households were sampled randomly using the fishbowl method to avoid biasness. Descriptive analysis such as frequencies and percentages were used. Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) techniques was used to estimate the parameters of factors determining the choices of energy sources for cooking in rural areas of Tanzania. The findings show that firewood is the main source of energy for cooking, followed by charcoal, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and electricity in rural areas of Tanzania. The study shows that education, household size, occupation, income, and age of respondents determine the choices of energy sources for cooking. It can be concluded that, apart from improving income, other intervention such as family planning, reforestation programmes and promotion of the use of modern cooking stoves should be done to ensure sustainable development in rural areas of Tanzania

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Determinants of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Khartoum State - Sudan, 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42443/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Khidir Mustafa Elnimeiri ◽

Reem Mahmoud Mohamed Abdelbasit ◽

Mohanad Kamaleldin Mahmoud Ibrahim ◽

Dimetry Adel Dimetry Mingaryous ◽

Taqwa Mohieldeen Hamid Abdelrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Female Genital Cutting ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Genital Mutilation ◽

Female Genital

Abstract Background: Female genital cutting/mutilation (FGC/M) is deeply rooted and widely practiced in Sudan. Although the trend is slowly decreasing, the magnitude is still very high as the procedure has no known benefit but has many consequences. The aim of this study was to identify the causes and the risk factors associated with FGC/M among reproductive-age women in the country.Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 902 women in the reproductive age (15-49) years in Khartoum State-Sudan, sampled proportionate to size using multistage clustering and participants were drawn using systematic probability sampling technique. Data were collected using a standardized administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 902 women who participated in the study, 89% of were married and 48% of them got married for the first time at age less than 20 years. The commonest age for such practice was 6-7 years as stated by about 48% of them. There is a significant association between educational level of participants and practicing FGC/M among their daughters (P value=.0001) with a tendency of the participants who attained a higher educational levels to less subject their daughters to any form of FGC/M. There is a significant association between the type of FGC/M of participants and the type of FGC/M of their daughters (P value=.001) with a tendency of the participants’ daughters to be subjected to clitorectomy rather than pharaonic. 39% of the participants stated that they themselves influenced the decision to subject their daughters to FGC/M while 32% of them stated that the grandmothers influence such a decision. The study revealed 45% of the participants believed in customs and traditions as the main reason for the conduct of FGC/M.Conclusion: The FGC/M was widely practiced by the participants’ families indicating the deeply rooted practice as a social norm. Parental education is inversely associated with practicing FGC/M to their daughters. The socio-cultural reason was the main cause of practicing FGC/M among participants. Therefore, a significant change in factors such as education, and social development might cause a gradual decline in FGC/M.

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Association between malnutrition and some water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors among school children in Gombe State, Nigeria

World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences ◽

10.30574/wjbphs.2021.5.1.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 055-065

Author(s):

Mela Danjin ◽

Henry O. Sawyerr ◽

Solomon O. Adewoye

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The State ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene

The state of the environment in which we live and certain hygienic practices we indulge in has been known to affect our nutritional status. This study was aimed at examining the association between malnutrition and some selected water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices among school children in Gombe State Nigeria. A cross sectional survey was conducted between March and June, 2019. A total of 745 pupils were selected from 12 public and 6 private schools across 6 LGAs in Gombe state, using multi-stage sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements of heights and weights of the study participants were done using standard instruments and procedures. Other relevant data (age, sex, some environmental variables etc) were collected using a structured template. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21 and key variables were presented using descriptive statistics, while associations were tested using Chi square. Odd ratio (OR) was used to estimate risks of malnutrition among the subjects and p-value was set at 0.05. The pupils had a mean age of 9.96±2.26 years, 50.9% of whom were males the rest being females. Though 84.6% of them had toilets in their residences not all of them (98.6%) put them to use. A good proportion (79.1%) dispose their refuse by dumping and slightly more than half of them (51.7%) have access to pipe borne water. And though only two (method of refuse disposal and source of drinking water) out of the eight WASH variables studied were found to be associated with underweight (Composite indicator of malnutrition), all the eight variables were found to be associated with stunting (chronic malnutrition). Overall, 20.8% and 22.4% of the subjects were underweight and stunted, respectively. The foregoing raises a germane concern about the role of WASH in malnutrition among school children and the need for a comprehensive and sustainable school feeding programme in the state and country at large. There should also be an integration of a WASH component in all nutrition intervention programmes.

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