scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude of Antibiotic Use among Public in Rural Area of Cempaka, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Nurul Mardiati ◽  
Rahmayanti Fitriah ◽  
Nadia Wahyu Artati ◽  
Wika Tiarawati ◽  
Muhammad Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics

The high intensity of antibiotics relatively uses causes various problems for health, especially bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Lack of public knowledge about the rationale of antibiotics is a factor that can trigger bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study aims to assess the public's knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use in rural areas Cempaka, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey method in which closed-ended questionnaires were distributed to 380 rural residents in the village of Cempaka proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with the Chi-Square statistical test method. In conclusion, the rural residents demonstrated moderate knowledge (83.2%) and a positive attitude towards antibiotic use (97.4%). There is no significant association between both knowledge level and of antibiotics on the attitude towards antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Ghana

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Sumani Abdul-Manan ◽  
Alhassan Iddrisu Abdullai ◽  
Buhari Gunu Yussif
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Background: A proven strategy for saving lives from vaccine-preventable diseases is the timely vaccination of the people. In Ghana, there is considerable hesitation about the Covid-19 vaccines due to anxieties and uncertainties about their safety. With varying perceptions and believes being developed about Covid-19 vaccines, there is a likely negative effect on vaccine acceptance or otherwise. This study aims to ascertain the levels of acceptance of potential Covid-19 vaccine among Ghanaian adults, to identify predictors of vaccine acceptance or hesitance. Methodology: A web based cross-sectional survey conducted among Ghanaians above 18 years, conducted between the month of February and March, 2021. Data were collected by administering online google forms (Questionnaire). The questionnaire was shared through social media platforms. A snowball sampling technique was used where researchers shared google forms to close friends and family. Analyses were conducted at p-value <0.05 using descriptive statistics, cross-tabula­tions and logistic regression. Results: A total of 350 responses were achieved by end of data collection. Out of these, only 348 were considered for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Majority of the respondents (65.2%) were male, a third (30%) of them live in rural areas and about 57.5% were married. Factors such as age, educational level, prior vaccine acceptance history, personal vulnerability and self-feeling of health were significantly associated with covid-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion: The results depict low acceptance rate for potential covid-19 vaccine among Ghanaians. Government and MoH should engage the media on its role in combating misinformation with regards the Covid-19 vaccine. Key words: coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), vaccine, hesitance, acceptance.

scholarly journals Terrorism and Moral Panic in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril O. Ugwuoke ◽  
Elias Chukwuemeka Ngwu ◽  
Patience N. Iziga
Keyword(s):  
Moral Panic ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

<p>Terrorism and Moral Panic in Nigeria, is an investigation of the impact of terrorist attacks in the psyche of Nigerians. The sovereignty of the Nigerian state was threatened following the emergence of a terrorist group known as Boko Haram, which conquered a substantial part of Northeast Nigeria, using modern military hardware such as bombs, rockets, military tanks and high caliber machine guns. Boko Haram carried their terrorist attacks to many parts of Northern Nigeria, including Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which made the entire country to panic by creating genuine fear of insecurity in Nigeria. The study was conducted in August and September, 2015, in Abuja. A cross-sectional survey method was used to select 276 respondents by accidental sampling technique through the use of administered questionnaire. The study indicates that there were rampant terrorist attacks in Abuja, and the frequency by which people felt panicked was high. Also, the study found the role of the mass media in spreading information about the activities of the terrorists to be high. The study indicated high perception of personal risk by the respondents with a greater percentage knowing at least one dead victim of the terrorist attacks in Nigeria. The study recommended the improvement of the nation’s security network and public enlightenment as the panacea to the security challenges facing Nigeria at the moment.</p>

scholarly journals Energy sources for cooking and its determinants in rural areas of Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Michael Shadrack Mangula ◽  
Joseph A. Kuzilwa ◽  
Simon S. Msanjila ◽  
Isack Legonda
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Using traditional sources of energy for cooking in rural areas of Tanzania is associated with problems such as lung diseases, soil erosion and air pollution. This paper identifies the energy sources used for cooking and its determinants in rural areas of Tanzania. Cross-sectional survey design through questionnaire was used to collect data from 384 households living in rural areas of Njombe and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to sample districts, wards and villages, while rural heads of households were sampled randomly using the fishbowl method to avoid biasness. Descriptive analysis such as frequencies and percentages were used. Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) techniques was used to estimate the parameters of factors determining the choices of energy sources for cooking in rural areas of Tanzania. The findings show that firewood is the main source of energy for cooking, followed by charcoal, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and electricity in rural areas of Tanzania. The study shows that education, household size, occupation, income, and age of respondents determine the choices of energy sources for cooking. It can be concluded that, apart from improving income, other intervention such as family planning, reforestation programmes and promotion of the use of modern cooking stoves should be done to ensure sustainable development in rural areas of Tanzania

scholarly journals Incidence of Girl-Child Defilement in Ugbighokho Community South-South Nigeria: The Way Forward

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Osamuyi Aghasomwan Bello ◽  
Isoken Linda Osunde
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study explores the incidence of girl-child defilement in Ugbighokho Community, South-south Nigeria. The study was guided by the ecological system perspective and the play therapy. The study pointed out some of the socio-economic factors that causes the girl-child defilement which includes, poverty, ignorance, gender inequality and the nature of child’s residence or environment where the child lives. The sample size of this study was 400 using the simple random sampling technique. The cross sectional survey method was adopted for this study. The study established that poverty was the main cause of the girl-child defilement in Ugbighokho Community. The study further revealed that social tie was the main cause for under-reporting of girl-child defilement which in turn has a far-reaching effect on the victim(s). The study therefore recommends poverty alleviation programmes as a means of generating income activities for caregivers in order to prevent them from being compromised by offenders.   Received: 21 September 2021 / Accepted: 25 December 2021 / Published: 5 January 2022

Oral health assessment of urban and rural dwellers in Bafia-Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 017-028
Author(s):  
Nguendo-Yongsi H. Blaise
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Background: The public health problems associated with oral health are a serious burden on countries around the world. Those problems are acute in developing countries which are hit by non-communicable chronic diseases, including oral diseases. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the oral health of individuals from both urban and rural areas in Bafia, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: A commnunity and descriptive cross-sectional survey with probability sampling was used in this study. 2,840 individuals, aged 5 years and older, were selected, using a two-staged simple random sampling technique. The study was based on a structured questionnaire completed by the participants, and on a clinical examination performed by the dentists. Statistical methods included bivariate analyses. Results: Among the 2,759 participants who successfully completed the survey, 53.4% were males and 46.6% were females. Majority of the participants i.e., 52.4 % belonged to 17 years and more vs 47.6 % who belonged to 05-17 years age group. Of the total individuals examined, 50.4% had a poor oral health level, of which 42.9% urban dwellers and 57% rural dwellers. Conclusion: There is a significant need for increased public awareness and regular surveillance of oral hygiene practices, as well as the complications associated with poor oral hygiene. In addition, development of guidelines, public health awareness programmess and dental community educational programmes are urgently needed.

Emotional Intelligence among Nurses working in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kerala, South India

2021 ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Ramya Kundayi Ravi ◽  
Suma Paul ◽  
Neethu Jose
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Area

The nursing profession is labor intensive and nurses needs to regulate their emotions for the sake of their patients, their families and health care team member’s needs. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of emotional intelligence among nurses working in a selected tertiary care private hospital. A quantitative cross-sectional survey method, data was collected using a self-reported-questionnaires developed by Schutte from 717 registered nurses working in a tertiary care private hospital. A convnininece sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 24. The mean age of participants was 31.26±4.86 years; 93.4% (670) were females and 6.6% (47) were males. The total EI score ranged from 46 to 155 with a mean of 127.2311±10.1. Out of all, only 12% of the participants had above average, 3.5% had less than average and the remaining 84% had moderate levels of levels of EI levels. A statistically significant relationship was found between emotional intelligence and type of educational qualification and the total years of professional experience in the current area of work at 0.01 level. The moderate level of EI among majority of the participants revealed in the present study necessitates the need for conscious effort, education and training to improve the EI levels among nurses.

scholarly journals Operating SMEs in the Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Calabar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary U. Ojong-Ejoh ◽  
Pius U. Angioha ◽  
Rose U. Agba ◽  
Evaristus A. Aniah ◽  
Maruf Gbadebo Salimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on small and medium scale enterprise Operation in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey method was used in collecting data from 474 SMEs in Calabar, Cross River State using the stratified and purposive sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a self-developed semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected from the field was coded, analyzed using descriptive statistics such as tables and graphs and correlation analysis at 0.05 level of significance. Out of the 474-instrument distributed only 422 was returned and used for analysis. From the analysis, the result revealed that 88.6 per cent of the SMEs reported being negatively affected by the pandemic, 71.3 per cent reported laying off employees during this period. Also result from the correlation analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between covid-19 pandemic and the operations of SMEs in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on these findings, there is a need for policy adjustment toward SMEs operations in Calabar

scholarly journals Pattern of antibiotic use and physician’s opinion about the resistance against antibiotics used for treating Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) in Bangladesh: A cross sectional survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Kaniz Farjana ◽  
Hasan Imam Zahid ◽  
M Salahuddin Bhuiya ◽  
Saquiba Yesmine
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) are major causes of illness, doctor visit and high rates of antibiotic prescriptions in Bangladesh. Over the past decades, emergence of antibiotic resistance has been recognized as an important public health problem across the globe. The current study was aimed to assess the physicians’ prescribing pattern of antibiotics in treating RTIs, their usages by patients and physicians’ opinion regarding the causes of antimicrobial resistance. This cross sectional survey was conducted by a self-designed standard questionnaire and data were collected manually over a two-month period from November 15, 2013 to January 18, 2014 in four cities of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Khulna. According to physicians’ opinion, the most frequently prescribed antibiotic for RTIs was levofloxacin (33.44%) followed by azithromycin (24.12%), cefixime (18.33%) and ceftriaxone (17.84%), respectively. Erythromycin was found to be the most resistant antibiotic (32.13%). Two or more antibiotics were prescribed in 43.94% of prescriptions. A total of 65.15% prescriptions had complete direction for antibiotics use and 46.97% patients completed full course of antibiotics. Although 86.36% prescriptions had no clinical test for using antibiotics, the percentages of patients’ disease recovery were 84.85% and noncompliance was 15.15%. Most of the physicians believed that self-medication of antibiotics results in the spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in RTIs. The present findings are important for public awareness and education in antibiotic use. These findings also have significance to the regulations of prescribing antibiotics in RTIs in Bangladesh.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(2): 9-17, 2015 (December)

scholarly journals To Assess the Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis among Women in Selected Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Snehal N. Dhobe ◽  
Manjusha Mahakarkar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Bacterial vaginosis is condition in which abnormal vaginal discharge can cause. Due to this sexually transmitted diseases are causing in the women. In the bacterial vaginosis there is an imbalance in the vaginal acidity the pH becomes more than 5 the bacteria becomes overgrowth and due to this bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis leads [1]. Objective: 1: To assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women. 2: To find out the association between prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women with socio-demographic variable. Materials and Methods: Research Approach- Quantitative research approach. Research Design: Cross sectional survey design. Setting of the Study: The study was conducted at rural hospital and primary health centre. Population: women Sampling technique: non-probability convenient sampling technique. Sample size: 115. Results: The data obtained to describe the sample characteristics including demographic variables (age of women, education, marital status, occupation, age of menarche ,menstrual history, use of contraception, types of contraception), prevalence of bacterial vaginosis women the total participant was 115 women age of 30-50 years. Hence the all findings were describes there was no association between socio demographic variables and prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is 6.1%. Conclusion In this study the finding of the study shows that overall there was n association between bacterial vaginosis and demographic variables. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 6.1% in the present study which was relatively low. However it vaginosis was common among sexually active women. The test was done by pap smear test which gave exact result and interpretation of test.

PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF STREET HAWKING ON THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN IN ANYIGBA, DEKINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Alfred Eboh
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
The Government

Background: The hawking of wares by children has been a serious issue confronting the Nigerian society. Children hawk in some of the most horrible conditions conceivable, where they face a serious risk of injury, chronic illness, kidnapping, rape or death. Objective: The focus of this study was to assess the perceived effects of street hawking on the well-being of children in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Methods: The population of this study consists of parents of the street hawkers in Anyigba while cross-sectional survey design was used through the purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of one hundred and sixty-two (162) respondents. The validated structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) served as the instruments for the data collection respectively. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square at a predetermined 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative data were analysed with the aid of the SPSS (version 20). Results: The results indicated among others that street hawking had significant social implications and physical consequences on children's moral behaviour as well as health status in the study area. Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that the government of Kogi State should carry out an enlightenment campaign through the media and religious institutions on the negative consequences of street hawking are recommended as panacea. Also, the child right act instrument and its implementation should be strengthened in order to curb street hawking in the study area.

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