Ileosigmoid Knotting: Clinical Profiles and Prognostic Outcomes among Patients in a Rural Medical College: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Dhrubajyoti Maulik ◽  
Debjyoti Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Primary Anastomosis ◽  
Hartmann’S Procedure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hartmann's Procedure ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Ileosigmoid knotting (ISK) is one of the rare causes of acute intestinal obstruction. It has a rapid course for forming gangrene. In this condition, the ileum and sigmoid colon wrap around each other, causing a knot and strangulation of both structures. ISK is extremely rare in North America most cases are reported in Asia and Africa. This is a surgical emergency and an attempt to relieve the obstruction must be done promptly. The management may range from a resection and anastomosis of the ileum and Sigmoid Colon, ileostomy and Hartmann's procedure depending on patients condition and gangrenous bowel segment. Method: It is a retrospective study. Data collection was done for three years from September 2018 to August 2021 in Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital in the Department of General Surgery. Result: In our study 26 patients (M: F ratio 3:1) was identified with ileosigmoid knotting. The mean age of the patients are 43 years (SD+/- 13) in the study population. It more commonly affects males (76.92%) who are in the fourth decade of life. About fifty percent patients (53.84%) presented with shock (chi square test p value <0.05). The double segment gangrene (69.23%) is the most common presentation than single segment. The most of the patients was operated with ileal and sigmoid colon resection and ileostomy and colostomy. The septicemia (23.07%) is the most common cause of mortality in the study (chi square test p value <0.05). Conclusion: Ileosigmoid knotting is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and bowel ischemia. So the early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention in general includes bowel resection with ileostomy and or colostomy and or primary anastomosis. Keywords: Ileosigmoid knotting, volvulus, gangrene, ileostomy, Hartmann’s procedure.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND PREDICTABILITY OF LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT CESAREAN SECTION SCAR THICKNESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Madhu Kumari ◽  
Kumari Bibha ◽  
Abha Sinha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Uterine Scar ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Given

Objective: The objective of this study is to find out association between scar thickness, assessed sonographically, and intraoperative findings (IOF). Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar from June 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: A total of 70 pregnant patients were included in this study. Transabdominal ultrasound was done for scarred uteri. Sonographic findings were co-related with introperative findings. All the given data were entered on SPSS version 23. Age was expressed as mean ± SD. Parity, gestational age, and interval between cesarean sections were expressed as frequencies with percentages. Statistical analysis was done by using Chi-square test for categorical data for association between sonographic scar thickness and intraoperative findings. The statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: The age range of the patients was 20- 36 years with a mean of 27.91 ±3.690 years. Gestational age at the time of cesarean section was between 27-40 weeks of gestation with a mean of 37 ±2.126 weeks. The interval from previous cesarean was 10 months at the minimum, and 6 years at the maximum with a mean of 2.29 ±1.0 months. Mean scar thickness was 2.5 mm. Association between scar thickness (<1-3 mm) and intaoperative findings of dehiscence and rupture showed a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Sonographic assessment of a uterine scar has a practical application to determine the thickness of previous scar, and assess its integrity.

scholarly journals Foetomaternal outcome in multifoetal pregnancy in a tertiary rural teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Sneha Gond ◽  
Partha Pratim Sharma ◽  
Narra Madhuri ◽  
Kasturi Barman
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Rural Teaching

Background: Aim of the study was to find out foeto-maternal outcome of multifoetal pregnancy in relation to chorionicity and to analyse the associated risk factors.Methods: This study was a prospective observational study on multifoetal pregnancy conducted at Midnapore medical college and hospital. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test and statistical significance was set at p-value<0.05.Results: Incidence of multifoetal pregnancy was 1.7%. Modal age group was 20-24 years age and 82% conceived spontaneously. Among chorionicity, Dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) were 60% followed by 34% Monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), 4% Monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) and 2% Trichorionic triamniotic (TCTA). Among maternal complications preterm labour were present in both twins and triplets followed by anemia. LSCS was required in 60.8 % of twins and common indication was malpresentation. Majority of MC and TC were delivered at gestational age of 31-33 weeks (47.1% MCDA, 50% MCMA and 60% TCTA) and dichorionic delivered at 34-36 week (48.7%). Statistical association between neonatal outcomes and chorionicity were significant in IUGR (p=<0.0001), stillbirth (p=0.0356), congenital anomalies (p=0.0017), discordant growth (p<0.0001), Apgar score <7 (p<0.0001), low birth weight (p=0.014), live birth (p≤0.0001) and NICU admission (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Maternal and perinatal outcome was significant in monochorionic and trichorionic pregnancies compared to dichorionic pregnancies with increased NICU admissions required in monochorionic and trichorionic gestations.

The Frequency of Mesio Buccal Second Canals in Permanent Maxillary First Molar Using Different Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study

JKCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nadia Munir
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pro Forma

Objective: This study aimed to find out the fr equency of the MB2 canal in maxillary first molars, using different diagnostic methods. Materials & Methods: 106 patients, clinically diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and exposed pulp, requiring endodontic treatment were selected via random non-probability purposive sampling technique for the study . This cross-sectional study was conducted for 12 weeks in the dentistry department of Ayub Medical College from August 2018 to October 2018. A detailed history was taken and documented in the pro-forma. After administration of Local anaesthesia and rubber dam application, the access cavity was prepared and floor of the pulp chamber visualized. MB2 Canal location was done with a naked eye and under magnification (x2.0 to x6.0) Magnification and confirmed by inserting size 08 K file. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was run to determine the association of the presence of the MB2 canal with other variables. P-value of 0.05 was considered to be significant.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of pulmonary tuberculosis and MDR TB in children at tertiary medical institute

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2571
Author(s):  
Anupama Vinayak Mauskar ◽  
Amrit Gopan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: India is the country with highest burden of TB. There is paucity of data as far as Pediatric TB is concern. TB in children directly reflects intensity of on-going transmission of TB in a given community. This study was done including indoor cases of Pediatric pulmonary TB in a medical college hospital, a tertiary care institute in the city of Mumbai. The aim and objectives of this study the clinical profile and outcome of Pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis/MDR TB in an indoor setting of a tertiary care center. It was a clinical observational study in a setting of medical college hospital.Methods: All admitted children with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB were included in study. A detailed clinical analysis was done. Statistical Analysis Association between two qualitative data was assessed by Chi-Square test, Fisher's exact test for all 2 X 2 tables where Chi-Square test was not valid due to small counts. Comparison of quantitative data measured between two outcomes was done using unpaired t-test. PSPP version 0.8.5 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Total of 41 patients with pulmonary TB were included in the study, making admission rate of 0.7% of total admission. Three out of 41 children had MDRTB making incidence 7% of total TB patients. Severe acute malnutrition was a major risk factor for dissemination of disease and mortality (p value 0.031and 0.0017).Conclusions: The study estimates 0.7% admission rate and 7% as incidence of MDRTB in indoor patients. Severe malnutrition was found to be risk factor for dissemination of disease [p value 0.031].

scholarly journals Subtalar arthrodesis with bone graft. Is it needed for smokers?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Gil Galvão Bernardes Silveira ◽  
Isnar Moreira Castro Junior ◽  
Henrique Mansur ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
P Value ◽  
Union Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Subtalar Arthrodesis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Autologous Bone

Objective: To evaluate the union rate of subtalar arthrodesis in smokers and nonsmokers and effect of the use of different types of autologous bone grafts. Methods: This was a retrospective study with radiological evaluation of patients with subtalar arthrosis who underwent primary arthrodesis at a reference hospital between January 2008 and December 2014. Patients with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months were included and were divided into smokers and nonsmokers with or without autologous bone grafting. Results: In total, 235 patients with a mean age of 47 years (range: 19-74 years) were evaluated, among whom 90 (40%) were smokers and 141 (60%) were nonsmokers. In 221 (94%) cases, the indication for arthrodesis was due to sequelae of calcaneal fractures. A bone graft was used in 65 (27.7%) patients. The overall union rate was 85.4%, and 14.6% of the patients progressed to pseudoarthrosis. A statistically significant difference was found in the nonunion rate in smokers (p-value=0.015 by chi-square test), especially in those who did not receive a bone graft (p-value=0.014 by chi-square test). However, no significant difference was found between smokers who received a bone graft and those who did not (p-value=0.072 by chi-square test). The union rate was related to the donor site, with pseudoarthrosis in 33.3% of surgeries with an autologous calcaneal bone graft (p-value=0.011). Conclusion: Smoking increased the likelihood of pseudoarthrosis in subtalar arthrodesis by 2.5-fold, and pseudoarthrosis is related to the autologous bone graft donor site. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic studies; Comparative Retrospective Study. 

scholarly journals A comparative study of intramuscular sulfate versus intravenous magnesium injection among eclampsia patients in Eastern, Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2470
Author(s):  
Uzma Kauser ◽  
Anjali Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Background: Hypertensive in pregnancy is the second most common cause of maternal mortality in India. Among the hypertensive disorders that complicate pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia stand out as major causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The majority of deaths due to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are avoidable through the provision of timely and effective care to the women presenting with these complications. Objectives of this study were to find out the effectiveness of intravascular and intramuscular magnesium sulfate in management of eclampsia. To compare the side effects and complications of intravascular and intramuscular magnesium sulfate in management of eclampsia.Methods: A total 100 patients presenting with eclamptic fits reporting to the center that has been included in the study. The study has been conducted in the labor room of Nehru Chikitsalaya of B. R. D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh for 12 months duration period. Statistical analysis of observations has been done by Chi-square test with p-value <0.05 has been considered in the study.Results: Majority of eclampsia patients belonged to 20-25 years age group (63%) followed by above 30 years of age (22%).  Nearly 16% patients in IM MgSO4 group and 12% patients in IV MgSO4 received recurrence of seizure after starting of treatment (p value >0.5). About 26% patients in IM MgSO4 group and 18% patients in IV MgSO4 group had mild side effects of MgSO4 but no patients in both the group had major side effects of MgSO4.Conclusions: The study concludes that intramuscular injection of MgSO4 is painful and the chances of abscess formation that's why compliance of intramuscular MgSO4 is not very good in compared to intravascular infusion of MgSO4. The chances of Mg toxicity are more MgSO4 regimen because of the dose required in IM MgSO4 regimen is more (44gm) that of IV MgSO4 (28 gm).

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers towards conducting research among students in a medical college, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibi R. Vairamani ◽  
Brogen S. Akoijam
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mentorship Program ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Conducting Research

Background: Health research is a low priority area in the developing world, mostly due to inadequate research budgets and financially not rewarding venture. Medical students have a limited understanding of research and what it entails. Training on research theory to application, is an important but neglected part of medical education curriculum in the country, which needs to be paid more attention. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers towards conducting research among medical students in a remote medical college of India. Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the easternmost medical college of India during November-December 2015. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from postgraduates and interns. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used for comparing proportions. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of the total 493 eligible participants, 440 responded to the questionnaire. More than 3/5th of the respondents had inadequate level of knowledge of conducting research. Inadequate training (87%), lack of funding (76%), lack of motivation (67%) and no mentorship program (66%), were the major reasons cited by the respondents for not participating in research projects. Ever conducted research was associated with better knowledge of research. Majority of the participants wanted to know more about research. Conclusions: The study revealed inadequate knowledge but a positive attitude towards research. Sufficient training in research methods, skills and institution of mentorship program can boost participation in research. 

scholarly journals Analytical Study of Conjunctival Bacterial Flora in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamojit Chatterjee ◽  
Shrutakirti Ghosh ◽  
Rinki Saha ◽  
Sandip Samaddar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that lines inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera. It is composed of non keratinised, stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Normal microbial flora constitutes organisms which are present in eyelids and conjunctiva without causing any disease. At birth eyes are sterile but they are later infected by various organisms. Gram positive organisms are mostly prevalent in ocular flora. Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease that can affect all ocular structures. Aim: To compare the microbial flora between diabetic and non diabetic patients and to study there sensitivity to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical study conducted on a total of 100 patients attending Department of Opthalmology of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India between June 2019 to July 2019. They were not using any topical ocular preparation. Conjunctival swab was taken from upper fornix of the patients and cultured and the results obtained were analysed using Chi-Square test. Results: Conjunctival flora of a total of 100 patients, 30 diabetic and 70 non diabetic, were screened. Among the 30 diabetic patients, there were 15 (50%) male and 15 (50%) female. The most common isolated bacteria in diabetic and non diabetic groups were staphylococcus aureus (diabetic 70%, non diabetic 85.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in microbial flora pattern between the diabetic and non diabetic group. There was higher proportion of staphylococcus epidermidis among diabetic patients compared to non diabetic patients (p-value<0.01) and there was a higher proportion of staphylococcus aureus among non diabetics (p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Present study found statistically significant difference in the microbial flora between diabetics and non diabetics. This will help the clinician to plan for the antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery for patients attending the Out Patient Department (OPD).

Preference of Specialty Selection In MBBS Medical Students in Government and Private Medical Colleges of Pakistan (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qudsia Umaira Khan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Career Selection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Specialty Selection ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medical Colleges

BACKGROUND The graduate students of medical colleges comparatively have distinct intentions and certain interests upon whom they decide to enter any specific and specialized practical field of medicine. In fact, career selection of medical students perceived to be very honorable because it provides them an opportunity for serving mankind more than that of any other aspect. OBJECTIVE To study the trends selection in MBBS Medical students and to compare the preferences in private and government medical colleges METHODS The study is cross-sectional observational study that was carried out from July -2019 to Jan- 2020 in first to third year male and female undergraduate (MBBS) medical students at CMH Lahore Medical College of Lahore, Punjab and undergraduate students (MBBS) from Fatima Jinnah Medical University. Data from 588 questionnaires was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. The normality of the data was analyzed using shipharo wilk test. Modified Schwartz method was used to classify the specialties as having either a controllable or uncontrollable lifestyle. Chi square test was used to evaluate differences between the choice of preference of specialties along with choice of controllable and uncontrollable lifestyle careers among the public and the private medical college students. A p-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 660 questionnaires administered, 588 (98%) were completed and returned comprising more of females respondents 54% compared to males. The prime most reason for the specialty selection was interest, comprising more than half of the students in all the groups preferred to choose their specialty on their interest basis. Surgery was in the top most of the trend but a statistically significant inclination towards medicine was noted in 3rd year student when compared to 1st year students in both the categories of the colleges p value (0.05). More female students preferring pediatrics, medicine and gynecology p value (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS : Most students perceive surgery as a very preferred and fascinating specialty when the students enter medical field .As the years advance they are inclined towards medicine. Females prefer pediatrics, medicine and gynecology .

scholarly journals Pattern of Newborn care and associated Health Problems among home delivered children

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽  
P Rauniyar ◽  
D Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Care ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Care Practices

Background and Objectives: Newborn Care practices during neonatal period contribute to risk of mortality and morbidity. It is estimated that in Nepal nearly 50,000 children under one year of age die every twelve months. This study aims to identify newborn care and practices in rural area in the study population. Methodology: 248 mothers having children of age < 6 months having delivery at home were selected from ten VDCs of Sunsari district using multistage random sampling. Standardized questionnaire were filled through interview with mothers/ female head of the family who assisted the delivery. Data were analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. Chi-square test was conducted and p-value < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: More than half (53.6%) of the newborns were assisted with Clean Home Delivery Kit. However, only 32.6% of the newborn babies applied antiseptic disinfectant to umbilical stump. Majority (76.6%) of the newborns bathed within 24 hour after birth. Less than half of respondents (41.9%) started breast feeding within 1 hour of birth and majority of the respondents (82.7%) fed colostrums to the newborn. Majority (37.9%) of children suffered from Acute Respiratory tract Infection, jaundice, redness and discharge around the cord, skin rashes and eye discharge. The methods used to make room warm was significantly associated (χ2 = 13.68, p- value = 0.001) with the occurrence of ARI. Materials applied for dressing of cord was significantly associated with problems of cord in babies (χ2 = 10.89, p- value = 0.004). Discharge from eye was found more among the babies who applied kajal however it was statistically insignificant. (χ2 = 0.60 p=0.439). Conclusion: High-risk traditional newborn care practices are common and need to be addressed. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 11-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9262

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