scholarly journals Determine Dietary Diversity and Its Relationship with Nutritional Status of Adolescents Studying in High Schools of Bagalkot

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Lakshmavva Gondi ◽  
Utalbasha Dhandargi ◽  
Deelip S Natekar
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Dietary diversity is defined as the number of food groups or items consumed over a reference period. A good diverse diet is necessary to furnish the daily nutritional requirements of body. Inadequate dietary diversity is one of major public health problem and can result in unhealthy physical, emotional and psychological changes among adolescents. Objective of the study was to determine dietary diversity and its relationship with nutritional status of adolescents studying in high school. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 12 to April 03, 2021, among a total of 120 adolescents, selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The study was conducted in Kalidas high school, Bagalkot. A structured and prepared questionnaire was used to collect baseline data. Dietary diversity was measured by Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) 2020 using the food items method. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was employed to identify the association of nutritional status and dietary diversity among adolescents. Result: Mean age of sample was 15.14 ± 0.81 years. The mean height for age was 1.63 S.D± .880 S.D. The mean BMI for age Z score was 1.73 SD ± .579 SD. The mean BMI for thinness Z score was 2.35 SD ± 1.301SD.Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant association (P< 0.202) found between dietary diversity and nutritional status of adolescents. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that only one-third of both (boys and girls) have adequate dietary diversity. Low level of dietary diversification suggested points to the need for strengthening efforts targeting to improve the healthy dietary practice of adolescents by giving due attention to poor households and undernourished adolescents. Keywords: dietary diversity, nutritional status, adolescents, High school, unhealthy dietary pattern.

scholarly journals Dietary diversity practice and associated factors among adolescent girls in Dembia district, northwest Ethiopia, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedir Abdela Gonete ◽  
Amare Tariku ◽  
Sintayehu Daba Wami ◽  
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Dietary diversity is defined as the number of food groups or items consumed over a reference period, and usually, it is a problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Inadequate dietary diversity is one of a major public health problem and can result in physical, emotional, and psychological changes among adolescents. However, studies on dietary diversity among school children were very limited. Hence, this study aimed at determining dietary diversity practices and factors among adolescents in Dembia district. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 15, 2017, at Dembia district, northwest Ethiopia. A total of 474 study subjects were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Dietary diversity was measured through standard tool adopted from Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) 2016 using the 24-h recall method. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with a diversified diet. Result This study illustrated that 32.3% (95% CI 27.9–36.8) of the adolescents had adequate dietary diversity. Inadequate dietary diversity was significantly associated with being Muslim (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.7), self-employment (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.9), middle (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.8) and high wealth category (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.2–0.6), and underweight (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.3–9.5). Conclusion The findings of this study showed that only one-third of adolescent girls have adequate dietary diversity. Low level of dietary diversification suggested points to the need for strengthening efforts targeting to improve the healthy dietary practice of adolescents by giving due attention to poor households and undernourished adolescents.

Do Dietary Diversity Indices Reflect the Nutritional Status of School Aged Children?

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Nithya ◽  
R. V. Bhavani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Mean

Dietary Diversity, with foods from all food groups is necessary to meet the requirements for essential nutrients which lead to good health. This study examines whether different dietary diversity indices have relationship with the nutritional status of school children aged 6 to 12 years, in two different regions of India: Wardha district, Maharashtra and Koraput district, Odisha. Dietary diversity was calculated using three methods: Individual food scores calculated using 24 hour diet recall (FS<sub>24hr</sub>) data; household dietary diversity using Berry's index (DDI) and food scores calculated using food frequency data (FS<sub>FFQ</sub>). Anthropometric indices were used to assess the nutritional status of school aged children. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) were calculated as indicators of nutrient adequacy. The relationship between NAR, MAR and three different diversity indices, dietary diversity and anthropometric indices were analyzed. Overall, 38% of 6 to 12 year school aged children were found to be undernourished. The NAR was &lt;70% for all nutrients except protein, energy, thiamine and niacin and MAR was found to be &lt;70% of requirement with mean of 60.5% in both locations. The dietary diversity was found to be relatively better in Wardha when compared with Koraput. The mean diversity indices in both the locations were FS<sub>24hr</sub> 7.56, DDI 89 and FS<sub>FFQ</sub> 62.9. Overall most of the nutrient adequacy and mean adequacy were correlated with all three dietary diversity indices when both locations were studied together. However all three dietary diversity indices failed to show any relationship with nutritional status of school children aged 6-12 years from both locations taken together.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Intakes, Red Blood Cell Indices and Risk for Anemia in the First, Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy and at Predelivery

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Faith Agbozo ◽  
Abdulai Abubakari ◽  
Joyce Der ◽  
Albrecht Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Red Cell Indices

As anemia remains a major public health problem in Ghana, we examined the effect of dietary intakes, and antenatal care (ANC) practices on red cell indices and anemia prevalence during the pregnancy continuum for 415 women. Dietary history was taken using the Food and Agriculture Organization minimum dietary diversity indicator for women (MDD-W). Intake of ≥5 food groups was a proxy for micronutrient adequacy. Odds for anemia and meeting the MDD-W were estimated using ordinal and binary logistic regressions respectively. Intakes of 41.4% were micronutrient inadequate. At any time point in pregnancy, 54.4% were anemic (mild = 31.1%; moderate = 23.1%; severe = 0.2%) with 10%-point variation across the first (57.3%), second (56.4%) and third (53.3%) trimesters and pre-delivery (47.7%); 27.8% were anemic throughout pregnancy while 17.1% were never anemic. Morphologically, microcytic (79.4%) and hypochromic (29.3%) anemia were most prevalent, indicating nutritional deficiencies. Planning the pregnancy was a significant determinant for meeting the MDD-W. Overall, adolescence, poor diet, suboptimum ANC and underweight were associated with moderate and severe anemia. In specific time-points, dietary counselling, malaria, iron-folic acid supplementation, sickle cell disease and preeclampsia were observed. Decline of anemia during pregnancy suggests the positive impact of ANC services and supports strengthening education on dietary diversification during ANC.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of School Going Adolescent Girls in Awash Town, Afar Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Kahssay ◽  
Lidia Mohamed ◽  
Abel Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score

Background. Adolescence is an essential stage in the human life cycle, a transition period between childhood and adulthood that is characterized by rapid growth spurt in which nutritional requirement is high. Adolescents are risk groups for malnutrition, but they are not part of a target in many intervention strategies. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing nutritional status of adolescent girls and its associated factors. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed among randomly selected 348 school going adolescent girls. Data were entered into Epi Info and transported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predicators of nutritional status of adolescent girls at p value <0.05 and 95% confidence level. Results. This study revealed that 22.9% and 8.82% of school adolescent girls were stunted and thin, respectively. Being at early adolescent age (14-15 years) [AOR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.04–4.28)], ownership of phone [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI (1.55–7.02)], and dietary diversity score of <4 food groups [AOR = 2.2, 95% CI (1.4–4.54)] were some of the potential predictors of stunting. Similarly, dietary diversity score of <4 food groups [AOR = 1.8, 95% CI (1.14–4.38)] and low food consumption [AOR = 3, 95% CI (1.15–7.90)] were some of the potential predictors of thinness. Conclusion and Recommendation. The prevalence of both stunting and thinness is a public health problem in the study area. Early adolescent age (10–14 years), ownership of phone, and dietary diversity score of <4 food groups were independent predictors of stunting. Dietary diversity score of <4 food groups and eating less than usual were independent predictors of thinness. An integrated nutritional intervention and health related services that meet the needs of adolescent girls in the school community have to be established and strengthened. Since adolescent age is period of growth and development in which growth spurt and nutritional requirement are high, adolescents should be provided with enough meals and diversified foods.

scholarly journals DIETARY DIVERSITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS IN RURAL INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Nithya ◽  
R. V. Bhavani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diet Recall

SummaryDietary diversity is associated with household or individual food availability and intake of nutrients from different food groups and is an important component of nutritional outcome. This study examined the Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) of three dietary diversity indices and their relationship with the nutritional status of adolescents and adults in rural regions of two states in India, Wardha district in Maharashtra and Koraput district in Odisha, in 2014. Individual dietary diversity was calculated using 24-hour diet recall (FS24hr) data and household dietary diversity was measured with food frequency data using Berry’s index (DDI) and food scores (FSFFQ). The nutritional status of individuals was assessed using anthropometric indices. The diets in both locations were cereal dominated. It was observed that 51% of adolescent boys and 27% of adolescent girls had ‘thinness’ and stunting. The prevalence of undernutrition was higher among adult women (48%) than adult men (36%). The mean diversity indices were FS24hrof 8, DDI of 89–90 and FSFFQof 64–66 in the two locations. The FS24hrwas found to be positively correlated with the NAR of all nutrients while DDI and FSFFQwere correlated with seven and six nutrients, respectively. The DDI and FS24hrshowed an association with MAR if the two locations were combined together. Sensitivity and specificity analysis showed that FS24hrgave more true positives than false positives and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.68, implying that this measure truly differentiates individuals having low dietary diversity with low MAR from those with low dietary diversity and a high MAR. All three measures of dietary diversity showed a linear association with the nutritional outcomes of adults, while in the adolescent group only DDI showed a relationship. It is concluded that 24-hour diet recall is a good measure for studying the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status in adults.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity Is Not Associated with Haematological Status of Pregnant Women Resident in Rural Areas of Northern Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahama Saaka ◽  
Jeremiah Oladele ◽  
Asamoah Larbi ◽  
Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Background. Information regarding how dietary diversity is related to haematological status of the pregnant women in rural areas of Northern Ghana is limited. This study therefore evaluated maternal dietary intake and how it relates to the nutritional status of pregnant women belonging to different socioeconomic conditions in Northern Ghana.Methods. This study was cross-sectional in design involving 400 pregnant women. Midupper arm circumference (MUAC) and anaemia status were used to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women.Results. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) of the study population from ten food groups was4.2±1.5(95% CI: 4.08 to 4.37). Of the 400 women, 46.1% (95% CI: 40.0 to 52.2) met the new minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W). The mean haemoglobin concentration among the pregnant women studied was 10.1 g/dl ± 1.40 (95% CI: 9.8 to 10.3). The independent predictors of haemoglobin concentration were maternal educational attainment, gestational age, frequency of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, number of under-five children in the household, size of MUAC, and maternal height.Conclusions. Irrespective of the socioeconomic status, women minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W) was not associated with anaemia among pregnant women resident in the rural areas of Northern Ghana.

scholarly journals SEANUTS: the nutritional status and dietary intakes of 0.5–12-year-old Thai children

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (S3) ◽  
pp. S36-S44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipa Rojroongwasinkul ◽  
Kallaya Kijboonchoo ◽  
Wanphen Wimonpeerapattana ◽  
Sasiumphai Purttiponthanee ◽  
Uruwan Yamborisut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Serum Retinol

In the present study, we investigated nutritional status and health-related factors in a multistage cluster sample of 3119 Thai urban and rural children aged 0·5–12·9 years. In a subsample, blood samples were collected for the measurement of Hb, transferrin receptor, vitamin A and vitamin D concentrations. The prevalence of stunting and underweight was higher in rural children than in urban children, whereas the wasting rate was similar in both rural and urban areas. Among children aged 3·0–5·9 years, the prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas and so was the obesity rate in children aged 6·0–12·9 years. Protein intakes of all age groups were relatively high in both the areas. Intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and vitamin C were significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The prevalence of anaemia in rural areas was twice as high as that in urban areas, particularly in infants and young children. However, the prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia was similar in both urban and rural areas. While the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (by serum retinol cut-off < 0·7 μmol/l) seemed to be very low, vitamin A insufficiency (by serum retinol cut-off < 1·05 μmol/l) was more prevalent (29·4–31·7 %) in both the areas. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency ranged between 27·7 and 45·6 % among the children. The present study indicates that the double burden of malnutrition is still a major public health problem in Thailand. Further studies need to explore the associated risk factors for these nutrient deficiencies. Effective strategies and actions are needed to tackle the nutritional problems in Thai children.

scholarly journals The efficacy of plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enerst C. Ohanu ◽  
Paul C. Inyang-Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Amebiasis caused by <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Treatment failure with specific chemotherapy has been reported suggesting the possibility of drug resistance. This study investigated the anti-amoebic effects of four plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats. The cecal amebiasis was induced by the injection of 3.0×105 troph/mL of <em>E. histolytica</em> parasite directly into the rat’s caecum. A total of 137 rats were used for these studies; five rats in each group for both positive and negative control, 15 rats in each group to test the four plant extracts and metronidazole. The infected rats were treated for cecal amebiasis using each of the four plant extracts at graded doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and with metronidzole at a dose of 62.5 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg for five consecutive days. The efficacy of the four plant extracts were evaluated based on Neal’s, 1951 method. The plant extracts of Garlic, <em>Guava</em>, Pawpaw and Pumpkin at 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body-weight gave a cure rate of 80%, 100%, 60%, 40% and 40%, 80%, 40%, 0%, respectively. The mean parasite count in the cecal contents of the treated rats at a dose 400 mg/kg were 18.5±1.6, 0.0±0.0, 33.3±1.8 and 49.5±4.0, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). This study has revealed that Guava at a high dosing level (400 mg/kg body weight) is as good as the standard drug in reducing the both parasite load (probably with limited side effect).

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Children on Regular Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Mazhar Nadeem ◽  
Sunila Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, and its main consequences include loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), significant increase in morbidity and mortality, and a decrease in health-related quality of life. Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in those children who are on regular hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital, Faisalabad during July 2020 to January 2021. The data were collected from the age of less than 18 years children of both sexes. There were 50 children who was selected for this study. At the time of the study, all the patients were on regular three HD sessions per week. In HD patients, venous blood samples were drawn immediately before and after hemodialysis session. Baseline laboratory investigations were carried out for all patients and controls including complete blood count, serum urea and creatinine, arterial pH, arterial blood gases and infection screening, which included blood and urinary cultures by standard methods.  Results: The data were collected from 50 dialysis patients. The mean age of this study is 15years. We collected all the demographic data of patients. The mean value of Urea is 64.34±2.44 mg/dl). At before-dialysis session, duration of disease positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.969, P <0.001), but, negatively correlated with TAC (r = −0.469, P <0.002). At after-dialysis session, HIF-1α negatively correlated with each of TPX (r = −0.529, P <0.001) and OSI (r = −0.459, P <0.003); while, OSI positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.944, P <0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that HD patients, the clinical and prognostic significance of oxidative status associated with cardiovascular risk factors is very different from the general population. Although a direct causality cannot be inferred from such kind of correlative investigations.

scholarly journals Quality of life of alcohol dependent patients attending a deaddiction centre in Kannur district

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
R. Ratheesh ◽  
Bindu Mohandas ◽  
P. P. Venugopalan ◽  
A. K. Sarada ◽  
Suprej K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Psychological Domain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is individuals' perceptions of their position in life. QOL of alcohol dependent patients is an area that has received relatively less attention compared to other alcohol related problems.Methods: A deaddiction centre based cross sectional study was done on 370 individuals using a predesigned questionnaire during the period of 2012-2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to find association between the study variables.Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 38.08±8.46 years. The mean duration of drinking was 12.62±7.47 years. The overall score of the QOL and the perceived health in alcohol dependent patients was 3.19±0.89 and 3.01±0.98 respectively. The mean of the transformed scores of physical, psychological, social and environmental domains are 69.12±12.82, 57.84±12.81, 58.52±17.05, 68.62±10.23 respectively. Statistical analysis of age with physical, environmental and social domains showed a significant negative correlation; literacy status with QOL, perceived health, physical, psychological, social and environmental domains showed a significant positive correlation; socio economic status with QOL and psychological domain showed a significant positive correlation; duration of drinking with QOL, perceived health, physical and psychological domain showed a significant negative correlation.Conclusions: Harm from alcohol use is a major public health problem. Reducing the level of social and health harms from alcohol requires preparation and planning.

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