scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SOIL SOLARIZATION ON FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AMARANTHIS VIRIDIS L. (AFRICAN SPINACH) IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
O. T. Yahaya ◽  
D. C. Obadiah ◽  
O. E. Oladele ◽  
C. Obi ◽  
O. J. Edache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Experimental Trials

Soil solarization is increasingly used to control soil-borne pathogens because it is environment-friendly. However, performance varied geographically, necessitating experimental trials before its introduction. This study assessed the effects of solarization on soil-borne bacteria and fungi, growth, and proximate composition of Amaranthus viridis (African spinach) in Lagos, Nigeria. Two raised beds were solarized for six weeks with a transparent and black polyethylene sheet, and a non-solarized (control) bed was equally made. The vegetable seeds were planted and their growths were recorded for four weeks. Soil samples at 15-20cm deep and leaves were obtained for microbiological and proximate analysis, respectively. The mean temperature of transparent xxpolyethylene’s soil was 45.33 oC, black polyethylene (35 oC), and non-solarized (33.50 oC). The mean height and width of transparent polyethylene’s A. viridis were 24 and 3cm, black polyethylene (19 and 2.2 cm), and non-solarized (17 and 1.6cm). The transparent polyethylene’s soil had 3100 and 250 cfu/g bacterial and fungal colonies, black polyethylene (3200 and 1900 cfu/g), and non-solarized (37000 and 1900 cfu/g), respectively. The proximate contents of the transparent polyethylene’s A. viridis were (70 moisture, 10 ash, 4.24 protein, 1.45 fat and 9.94 % fibre), black polyethylene (73.35 moisture, 8.36 ash, 3.1% protein, 1.23 fat, and 6.77 % fibre), and non-solarized (76.09 moisture, 5.91 protein, 3.15 ash, 1.31 fat and 6.75 % fibre). Overall, statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) existed between the solarized and non-solarized and between transparent and black polyethylene (transparent>black>non-solarized). Thus, solarization could be an effective strategy for controlling soil-borne bacteria and fungi of A. viridis in the area studied.

Partial segregation of bacteria and isolation of Pythium from the coarser soil fractions.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Angell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
Supernatant Liquid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Soil collected in the Australian Capital Territory was divided into fractions by sieving and subsequent deposition from aqueous suspensions. The greater proportion of the Pythium, and indeed the fungal population, was found, by plating, to be concentrated in the coarser portion of the soil, most of the bacterial population being in the colloidal part. After deposition of the colloids for 4 weeks, and with them the bacteria, a mean of less than one bacterium was plated per ml of supernatant liquid. The separation of bacteria and fungi facilitated the isolation of Pythium. The Pythium population of the surface soil was about 1000 per g. The mean number of isolates of Pythium in 11 other surface soil samples was 1.7 per mg using the fraction sedimenting from an aqueous suspension in 5 min. In similar fractions of soil taken at 18 and 24 in. below the surface the number of Pythium isolates was 3 per 10 mg.

COUNTING TOTAL BACTERIA IN LAND ORGANIC WASTE HOUSEHOLD AND LAND INORGANIC WITH TOTAL PLATE COUNT METHOD (TPC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Bacteria

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000

scholarly journals Five-Year Enhanced Natural Attenuation of Historically Coal-Tar-Contaminated Soil: Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Phenol Contents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2265
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Telesiński ◽  
Anna Kiepas-Kokot
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to assess the soil pollution on an industrial wasteland, where coal-tar was processed in the period between 1880 and 1997, and subsequent to assess the decline in the content of phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during enhanced natural attenuation. The soil of the investigated area was formed from a layer of uncompacted fill. Twelve sampling points were established in the investigated area for collecting soil samples. A study conducted in 2015 did not reveal any increase in the content of heavy metals, monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), and cyanides. However, the content of PAHs and phenols was higher than the content permitted by Polish norms in force until 2016. In the case of PAHs, it was observed for individual compounds and their total contents. Among the various methods, enhanced natural attenuation was chosen for the remediation of investigated area. Repeated analyses of the contents of phenols and PAHs were conducted in 2020. The results of the analyses showed that enhanced natural attenuation has led to efficient degradation of the simplest substances—phenol and naphthalene. The content of these compounds in 2020 was not elevated compared to the standards for industrial wastelands. The three- and four-ring hydrocarbons were degraded at a lower intensity. Based on the mean decrease in content after 5-year enhanced natural attenuation, the compounds can be arranged in the following order: phenols > naphthalene > phenanthrene > fluoranthene > benzo(a)anthracene > chrysene > anthracene.

Le système radiculaire dans les érablières du Québec. I. Nouvelle méthode d'estimation du volume et de la masse des radicelles

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1562-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernand Pagé ◽  
Bady Badibanga ◽  
Annie Sauvesty ◽  
Colette Ansseau
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Truncated Cone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diameter Classes

A method for rapidly estimating the rootlet volume and mass in sugar maple groves was developed in relation with the rootlet size. Soil samples were obtained with corers and cut in 2-cm thick slices. The number of rootlets of diameter classes <0.3, 0.3–0.5, 0.5–0.8, and 0.8–1.0 mm were determined under microscope (× 150) on the upper surface of slices. Rootlet surface for each class was measured on thin sections of soil, with an optic microscope connected to a digitalizing board. Mean rootlet surface [Formula: see text] showed a small standard deviation within each diameter class. The rootlet surface (S) on a surface of soil St can be estimated as [Formula: see text], where N is the number of rootlets observed in nc fields of observation, each field having a surface So. If two soil slices are located at depths h1 and h2, respectively, and if the rootlet surfaces of those slices are S1 and S2, the rootlet volume V of the first slice corresponds approximately to the volume of a truncated cone, and can be calculated as V = [S1 + S2 + (S1S2)0,5] (h2–h1)/3. The rootlet density (g•cm−3 of root) was also determined for each diameter class. The standard deviation from [Formula: see text], the mean density for each diameter class was small. Thus, the rootlet mass M was determined as [Formula: see text]. Estimated and real rootlet volume and mass values were compared. A difference of about 10% was found between estimated and real values.

Effects of potassium azide on soil microbial populations and soil enzymatic activities

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Kelley ◽  
R. Rodriguez-Kabana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Potassium Azide ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Microbial Numbers

Preplant applications of potassium azide (KN3) to pine nursery beds were evaluated for effect on the soil microflora and on soil enzyme activity where either plastic-sealing or water-sealing techniques were used. Two weeks after incorporation of azide (0–224 kg/ha), soil samplings revealed reduced populations of bacteria and fungi and a corresponding decline in invertase and amylase activities. These effects were proportionate to the amount of azide used and were more pronounced in plastic-sealed plots. Phosphatase activity was little affected. Five weeks after azide application, bacterial populations were higher in treated plots than in controls. Greater numbers of bacteria were recorded from plastic-sealed plots and highest populations coincided with plots receiving the highest rates of azide, regardless of the sealing technique. Fungal populations at this sampling were generally less in treated plots than in the controls, but were higher under plastic seal. At this time, changes in invertase and amylase activities did not correspond to increased microbial numbers. Sixteen weeks after applications of KN3, bacterial populations in treated plots did not differ significantly from controls, but remained higher in plastic-sealed than water-sealed plots. Fungal populations under plastic seal had changed little and remained significantly lower in treated water-sealed plots than in controls. The earlier recorded reduction in invertase and amylase activities was still evident at the final sampling.

scholarly journals INTENSITAS NYERI PINGGANG DAN PINGGUL PADA IBU HAMIL YANG MELAKSANAKAN YOGA PRENATAL DI KOTA DENPASAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ni Made Dwi Purnamayanti ◽  
Gusti Ayu Eka Utarini
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

Nyeri pinggang dan panggul merupakan keluhan yang umum dirasakan oleh wanita hamil terutama pada akhir kehamilan. Olah raga termasuk yoga prenatal merupakan strategi yang efektif dan disarankan untuk mengatasi nyeri pinggang dan panggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran intensitas nyeri pinggang dan panggul pada ibu hamil trimester III yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal di Kota Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 96 ibu hamil trimester III yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal di kota Denpasar. Didapatkan hasil rerata intensitas nyeri pinggang dan panggul yang dirasakan adalah 1.88 (SD ±2.202). Sebagian besar responden (41.7%) merasakan nyeri pada area tulang belakang disekitar lumbal hingga diatas sacrum.Intensitas nyeri pinggang dan pelvis pada ibu hamil trimester III di Kota Denpasar yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal tergolong nyeri intensitas ringan.Lumbopelvic pain are common complaints felt by pregnant women. Exercise, including prenatal yoga, is an effective strategy and is recommended for treating pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. The purpose of the syudi is to know the intensity of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic painamong woman who performe prenatal yoga in Denpasar. This study was an observational descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The subjeck study was 96 third trimester pregnant women who performed prenatal yoga in Denpasar. The mean pain intensity was 1.88 (SD ± 2.202). Most respondents (41.7%) felt pain in the spinal area around the lumbar to above the sacrum. The intensity of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain among third trimester pregnant women in Denpasar who performe prenatal yoga is mild pain.

scholarly journals Development of khoa based roll

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shrimanwar Megha ◽  
K. D. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Trials

The khoa roll samples were prepared by using of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 per cent cocoa powder and @ 22% sugar. On the basis of sensory evaluation, without addition of cocoa powder (T0), addition of 2.0% cocoa powder (T1), 2.5% cocoa powder (T2) and 3.0% cocoa powder (T3) and 22% sugar level were selected for experimental trials. The experimental samples were evaluated for sensory,chemical and microbiological qualities. Experimental data was analyzed using standard method. The sensory attributes i.e. colour and appearance, body and textureflavour and overall acceptability of the khoa roll samples significantly differed (P less than 0.05) due to addition of cocoa powder. The sensory scores for colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and overall acceptability of the product ranged from 7.58 to 8.06, 7.60 to 8.06, 7.60 to 8.20 and 7.60 to 8.20. There was significant differences (P less than 0.05) with respect to fat, protein, lactose, total solids, titratable acidity and pH of khoa roll samples due to addition of cocoa powder. The mean fat, protein, lactose, total solids, titratable acidity and pH value ranged from 21.4 to 21.84 %, 17.31 to 18.74 %, 23.43 to 23.48 %, 67.27 to 69.63, 0.62 to 0.68 % LA and 6.18 to 6.21, respectively. The SPC and YMC count ranged from 5.4 x 102cfu/g (T0) to 8.2 x 102cfu/g (T3), 2.2 x 102cfu/g (T0) to 10.6 x 102cfu/g (T3), respectively. On the basis of results of sensory quality the better quality khoa roll can be prepared by blend of 2.5 per cent cocoa powder and 22 % sugar in khoa.

Chemistry, mineralogy and microbiology of termite mound soil eaten by the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Western Tanzania

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Mahaney ◽  
Jessica Zippin ◽  
Michael W. Milner ◽  
Kandiah Sanmugadas ◽  
R. G. V. Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Termite Mound ◽  
Mahale Mountains ◽  
Mahale Mountains National Park ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High ◽  
Control Samples

Subsamples of termite mound soil used by chimpanzees for geophagy, and topsoil never ingested by them, from the forest floor in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, were analysed to determine the possible stimulus or stimuli for geophagy. The ingested samples have a dominant clay texture equivalent to a claystone, whereas the control samples are predominantly sandy clay loam or sandy loam, which indicates that particle size plays a significant role in soil selection for this behaviour. One potential function of the clays is to bind and adsorb toxins. Although both termite mound and control samples have similar alkaloid-binding capacities, they are in every case very high, with the majority of the samples being above 80%. The clay size material (<2 μm) contains metahalloysite and halloysite, the latter a hydrated aluminosilicate (Al2Si2O4·nH2O), present in the majority of both the termite mound soil and control soil samples.Metahalloysite, one of the principal ingredients found in the pharmaceutical Kaopectate™, is used to treat minor gastric ailments in humans. The soils commonly ingested could also function as antacids, as over half had pH values between 7.2 and 8.6. The mean concentrations of the majority of elements measured were greater in the termite mound soils than in the control soils. The termite mound soils had more filamentous bacteria, whereas the control soils contained greater numbers of unicellular bacteria and fungi.

Ability of Vis-PIR spectroscopy to monitor changes in organic carbon of loamy soils at two depths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayfa Zayani ◽  
Youssef Fouad ◽  
Didier Michot ◽  
Zeineb Kassouk ◽  
Zohra Lili-Chabaane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Mean

&lt;p&gt;Visible-Near Infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy has proven its efficiency in predicting several soil properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC) content. In this preliminary study, we explored the ability of Vis-NIR to assess the temporal evolution of SOC content. Soil samples were collected in a watershed (ORE AgrHys), located in Brittany (Western France). Two sampling campaigns were carried out 5 years apart: in 2013, 198 soil samples were collected respectively at two depths (0-15 and 15-25 cm) over an area of 1200 ha including different land use and land cover; in 2018, 111 sampling points out of 198 of 2013 were selected and soil samples were collected from the same two depths. Whole samples were analyzed for their SOC content and were scanned for their reflectance spectrum. Spectral information was acquired from samples sieved at 2 mm fraction and oven dried at 40&amp;#176;C, 24h prior to spectra acquisition, with a full range Vis-NIR spectroradiometer ASD Fieldspec&amp;#174;3. Data set of 2013 was used to calibrate the SOC content prediction model by the mean of Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). Data set of 2018 was therefore used as test set. Our results showed that the variation &amp;#8710;SOC&lt;sub&gt;obs&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;obtained from observed values in 2013 and 2018 (&amp;#8710;SOC&lt;sub&gt;obs&lt;/sub&gt; = Observed SOC (2018) - Observed SOC (2013)) is ranging from 0.1 to 25.9 g/kg. Moreover, our results showed that the prediction performance of the calibrated model was improved by including 11 spectra of 2018 in the 2013 calibration data set (R&amp;#178;= 0.87, RMSE = 5.1 g/kg and RPD = 1.92). Furthermore, the comparison of predicted and observed &amp;#8710;SOC between 2018 and 2013 showed that 69% of the variations were of the same sign, either positive or negative. For the remaining 31%, the variations were of opposite signs but concerned mainly samples for which &amp;#8710;SOCobs is less than 1,5 g/kg. These results reveal that Vis-NIR spectroscopy was potentially appropriate to detect variations of SOC content and are encouraging to further explore Vis-NIR spectroscopy to detect changes in soil carbon stocks.&lt;/p&gt;

EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF POULTRY FEEDS SOLD IN KATSINA METROPOLIS, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
A. U. Uduma ◽  
Joseph Akumah Ojogba ◽  
O. E. Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

In Katsina metropolitan, a variety of poultry feeds are available, and the quality and standards of these feeds are critical for the production of eggs and meat. As a result, the quality of selected chicken feeds sold in Katsina metropolitan was assessed by performing proximate analysis using AOAC methodology. Super starter, grower concentrate, broiler finisher, broiler starter, broiler super starter, layer mesh, grower mesh, and layer concentrate were among the samples used. The percentage mean to standard deviation was used to express the findings. The crude protein content of the diets studied ranged from 0.46 ± 0.00 percent to, 8.24± 0.02 percent, ash content 6.31± 0.01 percent – 33.30± 0.04 percent, crude fiber content 1.03 ±0.00 percent – 3.21± 0.00 percent, lipid content 0.11± 0.00 percent, 2.30 ±0.00 percent, moisture content 4.28 ±0.25 – 6.66 ±0.78 percent, and carbohydrate content 51.78± 2.68 – 83.72 ±0.57 percent. Although there was variation in the mean and standard deviation levels among the samples analyzed, such variations were not statistically significant (P>0.05) according to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the difference in the mean levels of parameters evaluated in eight samples

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