scholarly journals Reliable Representation of Data on Manifolds

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
P. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Representation

A Cross-Method Comparison of Sub-10 nm Nanoparticle Size Distribution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Yang ◽  
Suiyang Liao ◽  
Zhi Luo ◽  
Runzhang Qi ◽  
Niamh Mac Fhionnlaoich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Size Determination ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gold Nps ◽  
Reliable Representation

Accurate nanoparticle (NP) size determination is essential across research domains, with many functions in nanoscience and biomedical research being size-dependent. Although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is capable of resolving a single NP down to the sub-nm scale, the reliable representation of entire populations is plagued by challenges in providing statistical significance, predominantly due to limited sample counts, suboptimal preparation procedures and operator bias during image acquisition and analysis. Meanwhile alternative techniques exist, but reliable implementation requires a detailed understanding of appendant limitations. Herein, conventional TEM is compared to the size determination of sub-10 nm gold NPs in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. Form-free Monte Carlo fitting of scattering profiles offers access to a direct representation of the core size distribution while ultracentrifugation sedimentation velocity analysis provides information of the hydrodynamic size distribution. We report a comparison of these three methods in determining the size of quasi-monodisperse, polydisperse and bimodal gold nanoparticles of 2 – 7 nm and discuss advantages and limitations of each technique.

scholarly journals ICPC 14: what is missing?

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (75) ◽  
pp. 478-485
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo dos Santos ◽  
Paola R. Londero
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Net Equity ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to raise questions about Technical Interpretation 14 (ICPC 14) from the Accounting Standards Committee with regards to the statutory characteristics of Brazilian cooperative societies. We do not aim to provide definitive solutions by exhausting all conceptual analyses and accounting alternatives involving the reclassification of member shares, or “quotas”, from net equity to liabilities, but rather to present some considerations with regards to points that are not explicit in ICPC 14. Applying the concept of adjustment to present value (APV) is the main point of this study, which was not taken into account when ICPC 14 was elaborated. Analysis of the statutes of cooperatives indicates, as a common characteristic, the obligation to always pay the redemption of members’ quotas in a period of more than one year, and this leads us to conclude that for a reliable representation of the phenomenon it is necessary to recognize the APV of this reclassified liability.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the accounting display of transactions with the give-and-take raw materials at restaurant institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
A. Tsiutsiak ◽  
I. Tsiutsiak
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Definition Of

The essence of the definition of «give-and-take raw materials» is investigated and the own vision of this category used by restaurant enterprises is formed. The scheme of conducting transactions with raw materials obtained on the give-and-take conditions at restaurants institutions is given. The peculiarities of the accounting process representation caused by the procurement of raw materials, production of semi-finished products and home-produced dishes are revealed, as well as the order of the realization accounting of such commodity stocks using production-trade and production methods is highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of the representation in the system of bookkeeping accounts of the economic resources cycle in different ways of the production and trade activity organization of restaurant institutions are given. The emphasis is placed on the fact that in catering establishments the give-and-take raw materials, semi-finished products and home-produced dishes, produced as a result of give-and-take raw materials processings, are not the property of the catering establishment. Therefore, in order to maintain the proper accounting for transactions with the give-and-take raw materials, information about changes in the value of the investigated assets should be represented in the system of bookkeeping off-balance sheet accounts. The order of the display on the bookkeeping accounts of the transactions with the give-and-take raw materials obtained on the give-and-take conditions is highlighted. The peculiarities of calculation of dishes produced on the conditions of the give-and-take transactions are described. It is established that the formation of the value of produced semi-finished products or dishes is carried out for each order received separately, i.e. using the out-of-order cost accounting method. The peculiarities of calculation of home-produced dishes at restaurants institutions are outlined. For reliable representation of information on the availability and movement of the give-and-take raw materials, it is proposed for the enterprises of the investigated economic activity type to open the additional analytical accounts. Recommendations for improving the representation order in the accounting system, of restaurant institutions, give-and-take transactions, using offered analytical accounts, are formed.

scholarly journals Settlement Response of a Multi-Story Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6220-6223
Author(s):  
A. H. Bhutto ◽  
G. S. Bhurgri ◽  
S. Zardari ◽  
M. A. Zardari ◽  
B. A. Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Settlement Calculation ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Coulomb Model ◽  
Story Building ◽  
Hardening Soil Model

The settlement calculation of a multi-story building is a challenging task due to the variation of soil properties and the use of an appropriate constitutive model for the reliable representation of soils’ stress-strain behaviors. In this study, the settlement response of a multi-story building was calculated with the simple Mohr-Coulomb Model (MCM) and the Hardening Soil Model (HSM). The effect of soil modulus of elasticity using both models was investigated on the overall settlement response of the building. Results indicated that MCM overestimated immediate settlement in a range of 50 to 65% compared to HSM. The settlement response of the building calculated with both models was within the allowable range. The results of this study can be helpful for geotechnical engineers working on reliable predictions of the settlement of multi-story buildings.

A Process for Increasing the Samples of Coffee Rust Through Machine Learning Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Jhonn Pablo Rodríguez ◽  
David Camilo Corrales ◽  
Juan Carlos Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
American Phytopathological Society ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Coffee Rust ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Supervised Learning Algorithms ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Reliable Representation

This article describes how coffee rust has become a serious concern for many coffee farmers and manufacturers. The American Phytopathological Society discusses its importance saying this: “…the most economically important coffee disease in the world…” while “…in monetary value, coffee is the most important agricultural product in international trade…” The early detection has inspired researchers to apply supervised learning algorithms on predicting the disease appearance. However, the main issue of the related works is the small number of samples of the dependent variable: Incidence Percentage of Rust, since the datasets do not have a reliable representation of the disease, which will generate inaccurate predictions in the models. This article provides a process about coffee rust to select appropriate machine learning methods to increase rust samples.

scholarly journals PDU-Scale Experimental Results of CO2 Removal With Amp/Pz Solvent

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Śpiewak ◽  
Aleksander Krótki ◽  
Tomasz Spietz ◽  
Marcin Stec ◽  
Lucyna Więcław–Solny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Development Unit ◽  
Reliable Representation

Abstract :This paper provides a discussion concerning results of CO2 removal from a gas mixture by the application of aqueous solutions of ethanoloamine (MEA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) promoted with piperazine (PZ). The studies were conducted using a process development unit. Research of such a scale provides far more reliable representation of the actual industrial process than modelling and laboratory tests. The studies comprised comparative analyses entailing identical energy supplied to a reboiler as well as tests conducted at similar process efficiencies for both solvents. The results thus obtained imply that using AMP/PZ enables reduction of the solvent heat duty. Moreover, while using AMP/PZ temperature decrease was also observed in the columns.

scholarly journals A Cross-Method Comparison of Sub-10 nm Nanoparticle Size Distribution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Yang ◽  
Suiyang Liao ◽  
Zhi Luo ◽  
Runzhang Qi ◽  
Niamh Mac Fhionnlaoich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Size Determination ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gold Nps ◽  
Reliable Representation

Accurate nanoparticle (NP) size determination is essential across research domains, with many functions in nanoscience and biomedical research being size-dependent. Although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is capable of resolving a single NP down to the sub-nm scale, the reliable representation of entire populations is plagued by challenges in providing statistical significance, predominantly due to limited sample counts, suboptimal preparation procedures and operator bias during image acquisition and analysis. Meanwhile alternative techniques exist, but reliable implementation requires a detailed understanding of appendant limitations. Herein, conventional TEM is compared to the size determination of sub-10 nm gold NPs in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. Form-free Monte Carlo fitting of scattering profiles offers access to a direct representation of the core size distribution while ultracentrifugation sedimentation velocity analysis provides information of the hydrodynamic size distribution. We report a comparison of these three methods in determining the size of quasi-monodisperse, polydisperse and bimodal gold nanoparticles of 2 – 7 nm and discuss advantages and limitations of each technique.

scholarly journals VeloViz: RNA-velocity informed 2D embeddings for visualizing cellular trajectories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyla Atta ◽  
Jean Fan
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
R Package ◽  
Velocity Analysis ◽  
Cell State ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
State Changes

0AbstractRNA velocity analysis can predict cell state changes from single cell transcriptomics data. To interpret these cell state changes as part of underlying cellular trajectories, current approaches rely on visualization with 2D embeddings derived from principal components, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, among others. However, these 2D embeddings can yield different representations of the underlying trajectories, hindering the interpretation of cell state changes. To address this challenge, we developed VeloViz to create RNA-velocity-informed 2D embeddings. We show that by taking into consideration the predicted future transcriptional states from RNA velocity analysis, VeloViz can help ensure a more reliable representation of underlying cellular trajectories. VeloViz is available as an R package at https://github.com/JEFworks-Lab/veloviz.

scholarly journals Particle aggregation in anticyclonic eddies and implications for distribution of biomass

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Samuelsen ◽  
S. S. Hjøllo ◽  
J. A. Johannessen ◽  
R. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Swimming Behavior ◽  
Mesopelagic Fish ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Eddy Dynamics ◽  
Anticyclonic Eddies

Abstract. Acoustic measurements show that the biomass of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish is redistributed by mesoscale variability and that the signal extends over several hundred meters depth. The mechanisms governing this distribution are not well understood, but influences from both physical (i.e. physical redistribution) and biological processes (i.e. nutrient transport, primary production, active swimming, etc.) are likely. This study examines how hydrodynamic conditions and basic vertical swimming behavior act to distribute biomass in an anticyclonic eddy. Using an eddy-resolving 2.3 km-resolution physical ocean model as forcing for a particle-tracking module, particles representing passively floating organisms and organisms with vertical swimming behavior are released within an eddy and monitored for 20 to 30 days. The role of hydrodynamic conditions on the distribution of biomass is discussed in relation to the acoustic measurements. Particles released close to the surfaces tend, in agreement with the observations, to accumulate around the edge of the eddy, whereas particles released at depth tend to distribute along the isopycnals. After a month they are displaced several hundreds meters in the vertical with the deepest particles found close to the eddy center, but there is no evidence of aggregation of particles along the eddy rim. All in all, the particle redistribution appears to result from a complex mixture of strain and vertical velocity. The simplified view where the vertical velocity in eddies is regarded as uniform and symmetric around the eddy center is therefore not a reliable representation of the eddy dynamics.

scholarly journals Activation of Prefrontal Cortex in Process of Oral and Finger Shape Discrimination: fNIRS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Narita ◽  
Kazunobu Kamiya ◽  
Sunao Iwaki ◽  
Tomohiro Ishii ◽  
Hiroshi Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundThe differences in the brain activities of the insular and the visual association cortices have been reported between oral and manual stereognosis. However, these results were not conclusive because of the inherent differences in the task performance-related motor sequence conditions. We hypothesized that the involvement of the prefrontal cortex may be different between finger and oral shape discrimination. This study was conducted to clarify temporal changes in prefrontal activities occurring in the processes of oral and finger tactual shape discrimination using prefrontal functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).MethodsSix healthy right-handed males [aged 30.8 ± 8.2 years (mean ± SD)] were enrolled. Measurements of prefrontal activities were performed using a 22-channel fNIRS device (ETG-100, Hitachi Medical Co., Chiba, Japan) during experimental blocks that included resting state (REST), nonsense shape discrimination (SHAM), and shape discrimination (SHAPE).ResultsNo significant difference was presented with regard to the number of correct answers during trials between oral and finger SHAPE discrimination. Additionally, a statistical difference for the prefrontal fNIRS activity between oral and finger shape discrimination was noted in CH 1. Finger SHAPE, as compared with SHAM, presented a temporally shifting onset and burst in the prefrontal activities from the frontopolar area (FPA) to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In contrast, oral SHAPE as compared with SHAM was shown to be temporally overlapped in the onset and burst of the prefrontal activities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)/FPA/OFC.ConclusionThe prefrontal activities temporally shifting from the FPA to the OFC during SHAPE as compared with SHAM may suggest the segregated serial prefrontal processing from the manipulation of a target image to the decision making during the process of finger shape discrimination. In contrast, the temporally overlapped prefrontal activities of the DLPFC/FPA/OFC in the oral SHAPE block may suggest the parallel procession of the repetitive involvement of generation, manipulation, and decision making in order to form a reliable representation of target objects.

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