scholarly journals Peculiarities of the accounting display of transactions with the give-and-take raw materials at restaurant institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
A. Tsiutsiak ◽  
I. Tsiutsiak
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Definition Of

The essence of the definition of «give-and-take raw materials» is investigated and the own vision of this category used by restaurant enterprises is formed. The scheme of conducting transactions with raw materials obtained on the give-and-take conditions at restaurants institutions is given. The peculiarities of the accounting process representation caused by the procurement of raw materials, production of semi-finished products and home-produced dishes are revealed, as well as the order of the realization accounting of such commodity stocks using production-trade and production methods is highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of the representation in the system of bookkeeping accounts of the economic resources cycle in different ways of the production and trade activity organization of restaurant institutions are given. The emphasis is placed on the fact that in catering establishments the give-and-take raw materials, semi-finished products and home-produced dishes, produced as a result of give-and-take raw materials processings, are not the property of the catering establishment. Therefore, in order to maintain the proper accounting for transactions with the give-and-take raw materials, information about changes in the value of the investigated assets should be represented in the system of bookkeeping off-balance sheet accounts. The order of the display on the bookkeeping accounts of the transactions with the give-and-take raw materials obtained on the give-and-take conditions is highlighted. The peculiarities of calculation of dishes produced on the conditions of the give-and-take transactions are described. It is established that the formation of the value of produced semi-finished products or dishes is carried out for each order received separately, i.e. using the out-of-order cost accounting method. The peculiarities of calculation of home-produced dishes at restaurants institutions are outlined. For reliable representation of information on the availability and movement of the give-and-take raw materials, it is proposed for the enterprises of the investigated economic activity type to open the additional analytical accounts. Recommendations for improving the representation order in the accounting system, of restaurant institutions, give-and-take transactions, using offered analytical accounts, are formed.

privilege were turned to good account; the company gathered strength to face competition which was a real concern from 1810 onwards. The first competitor appeared in 1770 in England, but the glass that this competitor turned out was not of such quality as to be a threat to Saint-Gobain. Further, the company’s products were protected in France and potential competitors were punished by law until the abolition of privileges in 1790. The first legal French competitor appeared in 1804;1 and the second one in 1823.2 THE NEED FOR A NEW INFORMATION SYSTEM The Accounting System Under the Old Regime In order to understand, analyze and assess the early account­ ing system, it must be remembered that relatively few of the com­ pany records have survived compared with the innumerable docu­ ments that must have been created over a period of 155 years. Pris [1973, pp. 290-8 & 856-64] faithfully described the accounting sys­ tem under the old regime in his Ph.D. thesis, at the end of which he includes copies of most of the documents that have survived. The company was nearly in a position of monopoly with re­ gards to the production of glass. The customers belonged to the King’s court or were local or foreign noble families. Therefore the accumulation of capital was not an essential aim and the market did not seem to be expandable. These are a few elements which give insights about the quality and relevance of the information system required by such a firm. Very little is known about what the accounting system looked like before 1702; the statutes were only concerned with the ac­ counting documents necessary to ascertain the dividends payable quarterly. They included "Inventory" or "balance sheet of bills and payments” (statutes of 1667, 6th item), or “statement of receipts and payments" (statutes of 1695, 18th and 20th items). An annual inventory had existed since the beginning of the company, but only those after 1774 have been preserved. The annual inventories were calculated in Paris by putting together all the inventories of every establishment of the company. The accountants do not seem to have worried about lacking consistent accounting methods; for example, land and buildings, tools and raw materials, finished

2014 ◽  
pp. 251-251
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
New Information ◽  
Good Account

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF ACCOUNTING IN THE SPHERE OF LAND USE

2018 ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Ruslan Brukhanskyi ◽  
Tetiana Bincharovska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Universal Algorithm ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Ownership Rights

Introduction. It is proved that according to the way of acquiring property rights and use, land resources in the modern accounting system are considered as fixed assets on ownership rights ( which are the assets of the enterprise, the rights of possession, use and disposal are fully exercised by according); intangible assets for use (which are considered as an object of accounting, for which the regulatory functions are limited); objects of lease relations ( which are accounted on off-balance sheet accounts); investment property (which is held for the purpose of obtaining lease payments and / or increase of own capital). In the course of the research it is established that the potential introduction of a full-fledged land market for agricultural purposes forms certain restrictions and problems for accounting of land resources in agrarian enterprises. They are connected with the lack of a unified method of transfer of land owned or used by enterprises from one form of ownership to another. In order to avoid such problems, the article proposes a universal algorithm for land use accounting in agricultural enterprises. Its use will ensure a reliable representation of transactions with land plots and their use despite the form of the ownership. It will also enable the automation of accounting processes in the field of land use. Purpose. The article aims to identify the characteristics of accounting in the field of land use and to develop practical proposals for improving the current methodology of displaying agricultural land resources in accounting. Results. On the basis of analysis of the characteristics of land accounting, taking into account the classification of land ownership forms, a universal algorithm for land use registration at agricultural enterprises has been formed. The use of this algorithm with the introduction of an automated form of accounting at agricultural enterprises will enable accounting officers to reflect on accounts all transactions with agricultural land, regardless of the ownership of them.

scholarly journals Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Menggunakan Sistem Akuntansi Instansi (Studi Kasus Pada Sekolah Menengah Kimia Analis Bogor)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Bambang Pamungkas ◽  
Ina Wardani Latifah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Governmental Accounting ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Definition Of

Law No. 17/ 2003 on State Finance requires form and content of accountability report of APBN/ APBD implementation must be arranged and presented in accordance with governmental accounting standard set by government regulation. Law No. 17/ 2003 is on State Finance and law No. 1/ 2004 on Government Treasury. Accounting Institution System is a series of manual and computerized procedures starting from data collection, recording, abstracting, financial position reporting and financial operations at the ministry/ institution. Institution Accounting System (SAI) consists of Financial Accounting System (SAK) and Management Accounting System of State-owned Assets (SIMAK-BMN). Analyzing the procedures of Institution Accounting System (SAI) is important in the process of composing financial statements for the purpose of financial accountability comprising Budget Realization Report, Balance Sheet, Note of Financial Statement and Management of State-owned Assets (BMN). Institution Accounting System (SAI) plays an important role in composing financial reports at Bogor Chemistry Analyst High School (SMAKBO) located in Jalan Binamarga I Ciheuleut, Baranangsing, Bogor Timur. It’s very influential in composing financial statements as well because each report received always use Institution Accounting System (SAI) from the beginning of expenditure process untill the data is entered into the Institution Accounting System (SAI). The purpose of this analysis is to determine how is the human resources that run the Institution Accounting System and to find out the implementation procedure of the Accounting System of Budget Users Authorization Unit and also the integration procedures of the accounting system of Budget Users Authorization Unit to Institution Accounting System (SAI). The result of the analysis of financial statement is that the procedure implemented by SMAKBO has been in accordance with the existing regulations, so that producing good and accountable financial reports. After the definition of each component of Institution Accounting System and Financial Statement has been known, It can be concluded that in carrying out procedure and financialstatement reporting it should be in accordance with the prevailing regulation and should be on time in order to yield good financial statement. And in fact, the Institution Accounting System (SAI) at Bogor Chemistry Analyst High School (SMAKBO) has been applied well, and it needs to be maintained.

scholarly journals Theory of double entry in accounting

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Volodymyr HOLOVACH ◽  
Tetiana HOLOVACH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Double Entry

The paper considers the existing theories of double entry, which took place at different historical stages of the existence of the accounting science. The main attention is paid to legal, economic, philosophical and balance theories. As a result of their analysis, it was found that the process of theoretical cognition of the double entry had natural character. Its formation began with the content definition of the economic phenomena's dual nature in the economic activity sphere. Scientists later tried to find out the causes of such phenomena and their impact on the double entry. In many cases such intentions didn't have a full scientific basis. In such studies visibility in the form of the economic phenomena's dual nature was perceived as the essence of economic activity, the basis of which, in reality, forms dialectically contradictory commodity production and property relations. Based on the analysis of concepts and paradigms for determining the place and role of double entry in accounting, it is established that double-entry bookkeeping forms the essential basis for the emergence and development of double accounting at the entire stage of its existence and transformation into a modern accounting system. At the appropriate scientific level with using the philosophical and general scientific approaches it is substantiated that the double entry is conditioned by the economic phenomena's dual nature in the economic activity sphere, the essence of which is a dialectical contradiction inherent in commodity production and property relations. It is concluded that the double entry performs the lead methodological function in the accounting system and can't be equated to such elements of the accounting method as documentation and inventory, valuation and calculation, accounts, balance sheet and reporting.

A Theoretical Approach to the Definition of Entrepreneurship From a Multidisciplinary Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Gámez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Nicolas Gamez Abril
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Production ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

Capitalism has required the function of the entrepreneurs, people who use creativity, understood as the ability to solve problems and put innovation into practice. Firms can be social, public, and private; in this last case, the creation of an enterprising company involves new products, new production methods, the opening of new markets, the development of new sources of raw materials and inputs, and the creation of new market structures in the industry. This chapter is a bibliographical review of the theories of entrepreneurship from economics, sociology, psychology, and management aiming to contribute to the construction of a definition of entrepreneurship and entrepreneur that can be accepted by scholars in this field.

scholarly journals Is fair value currently in compliance with the principle of true and real reflection in the Czech accounting?

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Gláserová
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of

Information value of data provided by the accounting is in significant extent dependent on the method of valuation used in accounting of individual economic operations especially on the method of valuation of individual items in the financial statements. Financial expression of the individual value of assets and liabilities of the company (including the balance sheet of the company), as well as the amount of equity, depend just on specific method of valuation of assets and liabilities that each entity used in the accounting system. This fact has also a crucial influence on the overall level of financial analysis since mostly aggregated data in the appropriate valuation gained from various parts of the financial statements are the input data for financial analysis.Certain items of assets and liabilities are valued at fair value at the balance sheet day in the Czech accounting in compliance with the global developments. The concept of fair value in Czech accounting is regulated by Czech Accounting Act in § 27 paragraph 4 and 5. The Czech regulation of the concept of the fair value is based on its detailed definition of the IAS / IFRS, including cases of practical use.The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether currently the fair value in the Czech accounting reflects the reality, based on definition of its content in accordance with applicable legal regulation. Partial aim is to identify specific cases of its application in the accounting of various types of business entities in the Czech Republic in existing practice. The paper also identifies methodological procedure of recording changes resulting from the valuation or revaluation of various types of assets at fair value, including their impacts on the financial statements. An integral part of the paper is the perspective of IAS / IFRS on fair value in accounting, so the definition of the fair value and also there is historical development of valuation of assets according to IAS / IFRS. The concept of fair value as a possible method of valuation of assets in European accounting law is also mentioned.

Historical Experience of Criminalization: to the Centenary of the Guiding Principles on Criminal Law of the RSFSR

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Ivan Kozachenko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Law System ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concept Planning ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Definition Of

The creation of the Guiding Principles on the Criminal Law of the RSFSR of 1919 is studied taking into account extremely complicated internal and external political situation in the country at the beginning of the twentieth century. Using the methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as comparative and historical method, the author determines the significance of the Guiding Principles in the law system of the young Soviet state. Some key norms of the document are examined. In particular, the definition of criminal law is analyzed and its advantages and disadvantages are identified. It is noted that the definition of a crime was formulated too broadly, and more significant steps in criminalization of different acts were made with the adoption of the RSFSR Criminal Code of 1922. It is indicated which persons were not punished according to the Guidelines. Attention is drawn to the way in which such a method of protection as necessary defense was set forth in this act. The Guiding Principles are not without certain disadvantages: for example, the institution of complicity is not sufficiently disclosed, there is lexical redundancy in the definition of the concept «planning the offence». However, the discrepancies between the main provisions covered in the Guidelines are explainable and excusable, taking into account the historical situation at the time of their adoption. The analyzed document became the basis for Russian criminal law, and some of its provisions are still relevant.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SEARCH FOR RESERVES OF DECREASING COSTS IN THE BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In this article approaches to search for reserves of decrease in cost of agricultural production are considered. The methods of cost calculation of dairy cattle breeding products used at the studied enter-prise are analysed, short characteristic of the standard method offered by the Ministry of Agriculture is given, and calculations of alternative options are also carried out. Today creation of accounting of a production unit is very important so that not only weight units must be considered in it, but also the quali-tative structure of products must be reflected. Definition of qualitative characteristics and technological properties by production of milk which depend on use purposes can be an example. The raw materials consumption on a unit of production and its quality and also firmness of storage depends on technologi-cal properties of milk. At calculation of prime cost taking into account qualitative characteristics for cal-culation milk in terms of basic fat content undertakes. The method of calculation of prime cost consider-ing qualitative characteristics is the most expedient as prime cost of 1 c of milk unlike the operating tech-nique is lower. In the article analytical methods of reserves calculation for decrease in prime cost taking into account various factors are proved. The revealed reserves will allow an enterprise to expand its in-vestment opportunities in the future, they will give an additional incentive of modernization of the worn-out machinery and equipment in branches of agriculture.

METHODS FOR RESTORING WOLVES OF ROLLING PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
DAR’YA LEBEDEVA ◽  
◽  
ANNA KARPUNICHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rolling Production ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Degree

Large forces and significant thermal effects are created on the rolls when rolling sheets. The higher the stability of the rolls, the less downtime during their rerolling and higher productivity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the ways of restoring rolls and choose the most appropriate method for restoring these parts. (Materials and methods) The article presents the analysis of the scientific and technical literature on the topic of rolling production, methods for restoring large-sized machine parts of machine-building and metallurgical industries that work in difficult conditions and are subject to a high degree of wear. Authors try to solve the problem by means of comparative and logical analysis based on theoretical and empirical methods of scientific research. (Results and discussion) The article presents two groups of methods for restoring rolled rolls: banding and surfacing the working layer of the roll. Authors have analyzed each method in terms of technology, equipment, and feasibility. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of the methods under consideration. (Conclusions) The most acceptable way to restore parts with a high degree of wear is surfacing. It is most efficient to apply submerged surfacing using an additional hot additive. Such surfacing, despite some complication of the equipment design, allows to deposit the metal on the roll with low heat input and in most cases in one pass. Surfacing using an additional hot additive allows to increase the productivity of the process by up to 250 percent while reducing the penetration depth by 2-3 times and saving energy by up to 40 percent.

Jones Enterprises Real Estate Investment Trust: Comparing U.S. and Canadian Acquisition Accounting, Balance Sheet and Security Commission Reporting, and Initial Public Offering Location

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Natalie Tatiana Churyk ◽  
Alan Reinstein ◽  
Lance Smith
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Public Offering

ABSTRACT Based on a Big 4 real estate audit partner's client, this case introduces graduate research and advanced financial accounting students to acquisition accounting under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), provides a perspective on real estate investment trusts (REITs), and requires analyzing a U.S. versus Canadian (Ontario) initial public offering (IPO). Students list U.S. and Canadian advantages and disadvantages of REITs, record a portfolio purchase, prepare U.S. GAAP and IFRS balance sheets in order to grasp major REIT reporting differences, contrast the key provisions between U.S. and Canadian (Ontario) securities commissions' IPO reporting, and consider ongoing securities commissions' reporting options. Finally, students will recommend whether the IPO should be issued in the U.S. or Canada. Completing the case helps students: (1) grasp U.S. GAAP and IFRS acquisition accounting methods and different REIT presentations; and (2) recognize that the country selected for the IPO depends upon the issuer's circumstances and preferences.

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