Design and Production of a New Smaller Diameter Axial Bearing Subjected to High Wear Loads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Dayı ◽  
Mehmet Çevik
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Bearing Loads

In the steering system of a passenger car, one of the essential components is the tie rod, and the sub-assembly component is the inner tie rod, which is subject to static and dynamic bearing loads. These bearing loads are the key points to ensure the inner tie rod's performance and total lifetime. A significant drop in the inner tie rod's performance can cause uncomfortable driving conditions and noise during driving. Most of the designs are developed over-safe with bigger ball sizes to fulfill the defined requirements. On the other hand, over-safe design can cause higher prices. In this study, a new small diameter axial bearing system is developed subjected to high wear loads on the inner tie rod. Three design parameters are considered: press force, tempering method, and tempering temperature. A smaller ball diameter design is created during the development phase. After the manufacturing, the inner tie rods are tested concerning the wear test and setting behavior under the maximum loading test. Results have been compared with a bigger ball size design. By changing the production and assembly parameters, optimum assembly conditions have been defined. Functional measurements before and after testing have validated the new smaller ball diameter design for serial usage.

Estimation of Seismic Energy Dissipation for Steel Slit Shear Walls Considering Out-of-Plane Buckling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Ma ◽  
Liusheng He ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity

Steel slit shear walls (SSSWs), made by cutting slits in steel plates, are increasingly adopted in seismic design of buildings for energy dissipation. This paper estimates the seismic energy dissipation capacity of SSSWs considering out-of-plane buckling. In the experimental study, three SSSW specimens were designed with different width-thickness ratios and aspect ratios and tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. Test results showed that the width-thickness ratio of the links dominated the occurrence of out-of-plane buckling, which produced pinching in the hysteresis and thus reduced the energy dissipation capacity. Out-of-plane buckling occurred earlier for the links with a larger width-thickness ratio, and vice versa. Refined finite element model was built for the SSSW specimens, and validated by the test results. The concept of average pinching parameter was proposed to quantify the degree of pinching in the hysteresis. Through the parametric analysis, an equation was derived to estimate the average pinching parameter of the SSSWs with different design parameters. A new method for estimating the energy dissipation of the SSSWs considering out-of-plane buckling was proposed, by which the predicted energy dissipation agreed well with the test results.

Severe Plastic Deformation of Al-15Zn-2Mg Alloy: Effect on Wear Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
G.K. Manjunath ◽  
K. Udaya Bhat ◽  
G.V. Preetham Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Alloy Effect

In the present work, Al-Zn-Mg alloy having highest zinc content was deformed by one of the severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and effect of ECAP on the microstructure evolution and the wear properties were studied. ECAP was performed in a split die and the channels of the die are intersecting at an angle of 120º. ECAP was attempted at least possible temperature and the alloy was successfully ECAPed at 423 K. Below this temperature samples were failed in the first pass itself. After ECAP, significant drop in the grain size was reported. Also, ECAP leads to significant raise in the microhardness of the alloy. Predominantly, after ECAP, upsurge in the wear resistance of the alloy was noticed. To figure out the response of ECAP on the wear properties of the alloy; worn surfaces of the wear test samples were analyzed in SEM.

scholarly journals A Portable Sisal Decorticator for Kenyan Farmers

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Snyder ◽  
Joe Bussard ◽  
Jim Dolak ◽  
Tim Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Assembly Constraints

This project analyzed and redesigned the various components of a previously designed sisal decorticator prototype. The sisal plant is easily grown in the arid regions of Kenya and its fiber has widespread industrial and consumer applications. Competition from Brazilian and Chinese sisal growers has made it difficult for small-scale Kenyan sisal farmers to yield a profit. Decorticator machines strip the usable fiber from the sisal leaves. A strong market exists in Kenya and beyond for an affordable and capable decortication device. Based on interaction with University of Nairobi students and faculty, design parameters were assessed and adapted to create a working prototype to meet these needs. Throughout the design process, affordability, energy consumption, transportability, reliability, on-site material and assembly constraints were taken into account. The designs chosen accomplished the project requirements by minimizing cost through material selection and ease of manufacture, and provided adjustable parameters in order to facilitate decortication quality testing. A vertical feed, small diameter decorticator with steel blades transportable via a steel frame with two wheels was determined to be the optimal solution. Testing with actual sisal and variable components enabled quality to be assessed as well as ensured that the designed prototype operated correctly and safely.

Wear Characteristics of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Drill Bits in Small Diameter Rock Drilling

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Hough ◽  
B. Das
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Failure Characteristics ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact ◽  
Single Material

The wear characteristics of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits were investigated in the context of drilling small holes in a hard abrasive medium. An efficient method for measuring wear of the PDC drill bits was developed. The wear test results were grouped or categorized in terms of rotary speed, feed and wear or failure characteristics. Contrary to the three classical wear phases (break-in, uniform wear and rapid breakdown) of the single material cutters, four distinctive wear phases were formed for the PDC cutters: I–break-in, II–diamond wear, III–carbide wear, and IV–rapid breakdown. The characteristics of the wear phases were identified and some suggestions were made to alleviate the wear problem.

scholarly journals Fluid Flow Investigation through Small Turbodrill for Optimal Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mokaramian ◽  
Vamegh Rasouli ◽  
Gary Cavanough
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Hard Rocks ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Flow Investigation ◽  
Exploration Drilling

Basic design methodology for a new small multistage Turbodrill (turbine down hole motor) optimized for small size Coiled Tube (CT) Turbodrilling system for deep hard rocks mineral exploration drilling is presented. Turbodrill is a type of axial turbomachinery which has multistage of stators and rotors. It converts the hydraulic power provided by the drilling fluid (pumped from surface) to mechanical power through turbine motor. For the first time, new small diameter (5-6 cm OD) water Turbodrill with high optimum rotation speed of higher than 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) were designed through comprehensive numerical simulation analyses. The results of numerical simulations (Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)) for turbodrill stage performance analysis with asymmetric blade’s profiles on stator and rotor, with different flow rates and rotation speeds are reported. This follows by Fluid-Structural Interaction (FSI) analyses for this small size turbodrill in which the finite element analyses of the stresses are performed based on the pressure distributions calculated from the CFD modeling. As a result, based on the sensitivity analysis, optimum operational and design parameters are proposed for gaining the required rotation speed and torque for hard rocks drilling.

Influence of Planetary Needle Bearings on the Performance of Single and Double Pinion Planetary Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
System Level ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Planetary Gears ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Bearing Loads

Planetary gears are widely used in automotive and aerospace applications. Due to demands for greater power density, these gearsets often operate at extremely high stress levels. This has caused system level influences once considered secondary to become critical to the success of planetary gears. One such system level effect that has been largely overlooked is the influence of support structures like planetary needle bearings. There are interactions between the gear distributed loads and the resulting bearing loads and deflections that have implications for both gear and bearing designs. Also, double pinion planetary arrangements are increasingly becoming common. There are still greater interactions between the gear and bearing components in double pinion planetary arrangements. In this paper, we will examine the influence of the bearing deflections (tilt) on the gear load distribution and contact pattern. We will also show the influence of distributed gear loads on the bearing loads (moments) and deflections (tilts). Both, single and double pinion planetary arrangements will be considered. It will be shown that the tilting stiffnesses of the needle bearings have a major influence on gear contact pattern and consequently on contact and bending stresses. It will also be shown that the double pinion planetary arrangement is more likely to result in off-centered loading. Parametric studies will be performed to show the influence of a few design parameters. Theoretical derivations will be validated by numerical simulations. A system level gear analysis model will be used to illustrate the issues involved and quantify the results.

Reliability-Based Limit States Design for Onshore Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher Nessim ◽  
Tom Zimmerman ◽  
Alan Glover ◽  
Martin McLamb ◽  
Brian Rothwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Current Design

The traditional approach to pipelines design is to select a wall thickness that maintains the hoop stress below the yield strength multiplied by a safety factor. The main design condition implied by this approach is yielding (and by extension burst) of the defect-free pipe. Failure statistics show that this failure mode is virtually impossible as the majority of failures occur due to equipment impact and various types of defects such as corrosion and cracks. Recent investigations show that these failure causes are much more sensitive to wall thickness than to steel grade. As a consequence, current design methods produce variable levels of safety for different pipelines — small-diameter, low-pressure pipelines for example have been shown to have higher failure risks due to mechanical damage than large-diameter, high-pressure pipelines. In addition, the current design approach has been shown to have limited ability to deal with new design parameters, such high steel grades, and unique loading conditions such as frost heave and thaw settlement. The paper shows how these limitations can be addressed by adopting a reliability-based limit states design approach. In this approach, a pipeline is designed to maintain a specified reliability level with respect to its actual expected failure mechanisms (known as limit states). Implementation involves identifying all relevant limit states, selecting target reliability levels that take into account the severity of the failure consequences, and developing a set of design conditions that meet the target reliability levels. The advantages of this approach include lower overall cost for the same safety level, more consistent safety across the range of design parameters, and a built-in ability to address new design situations. Obstacles to its application for onshore pipelines include lack of familiarity with reliability-based approaches and their benefits and lack of consensus on how to define reliability targets. The paper gives an overview of the reliability-based design approach and demonstrates its application using an example involving design for mechanical damage.

Performance and Bearing Load Analysis of a Twin Screw Air Compressor

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Lee ◽  
R. H. Ma ◽  
W.F. Wu ◽  
S.L. Chen ◽  
H.W. Hsia
Keyword(s):  
Measured Data ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Computer Simulation Program ◽  
Bearing Loads

ABSTRACTTo study the performance and estimate the oscillating bearing loads of a twin screw air compressor, a theoretical model is proposed in this paper. Based on the model, a computer simulation program is developed and effects of different design parameters such as rotor profile, geometric clearance, oil injected position, oil temperature, oil flow rate and other operational conditions are investigated. Output variables such as bearing loads, specific power, compression efficiency, volumetric efficiency, discharge temperature are obtained. Some of the results are then compared with experimentally measured data, and good agreements are found between the simulation results and the measured data.

Application of a Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Jacket in Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams under Monotonic and Repeated Loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin E. Chalioris ◽  
Constantin P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Constantin N. Pourzitidis ◽  
Dimitrios Fotis ◽  
Kosmas K. Sideris
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Flexural Response

This paper presents the findings of an experimental study on the application of a reinforced self-compacting concrete jacketing technique in damaged reinforced concrete beams. Test results of 12 specimens subjected to monotonic loading up to failure or under repeated loading steps prior to total failure are included. First, 6 beams were designed to be shear dominated, constructed by commonly used concrete, were initially tested, damaged, and failed in a brittle manner. Afterwards, the shear-damaged beams were retrofitted using a self-compacting concrete U-formed jacket that consisted of small diameter steel bars and U-formed stirrups in order to increase their shear resistance and potentially to alter their initially observed shear response to a more ductile one. The jacketed beams were retested under the same loading. Test results indicated that the application of reinforced self-compacting concrete jacketing in damaged reinforced concrete beams is a promising rehabilitation technique. All the jacketed beams showed enhanced overall structural response and 35% to 50% increased load bearing capacities. The ultimate shear load of the jacketed beams varied from 39.7 to 42.0 kN, whereas the capacity of the original beams was approximately 30% lower. Further, all the retrofitted specimens exhibited typical flexural response with high values of deflection ductility.

scholarly journals Wear Behaviour of SAE 4340 Steel in Comparison with Single Test Specimen

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Nadendla SRINIVASABABU
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Steel Specimen ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Progressive Damage ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Test Speed ◽  
4340 Steel ◽  
Pin On Disc

This study addresses the progressive damage of a surface/specimen/component caused by another substance in relative motion. This could cause the change in geometry, dimensions of the part which loses the practical functionality. So, an attempt was made to study the wear behavior of SAE 4340 steel using a pin-on-disc wear test machine at different loading, test speed, and time. Two cases viz. (1) single steel specimen, (2) multiple specimens were considered for the wear test and the obtained wear (μm), and frictional force (N) was compared.

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