Understanding the Function & Formation of Memory and the Application of Neurolinguistics programing to Reduce Fears, Traumas and Phobias.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Representational System ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Fear Of Heights

This research is based on the idea that a link exists between memories and phobias, fears and traumas and mainly they can be reduced in one’s life by manipulating negative memories, the encoding process, and by using NLP as a therapy and its techniques like the Swish Technique or the Visual-Kinesthetic Dissociation Technique to overcome and remove those very phobias, traumas and fears. Since memory and cognition form an important part of the individual’s life because of the functions it performs the focus of this articles mainly lies surrounding this topic and how NLP can prove to be useful. The encoding process in the memory takes place through different representational systems that are a part of Neuro- Linguistic Programming (NLP). Since NLP lists visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory and gustatory as a part of this system, an attempt is made to explain how through these systems and its sub modalities (finer distinctions of the representational system) memories are formed and how emotions play a role in determining the retrieval of a particular memory and how that in turn leads to the formation of phobias, irrational fears and traumas like the fear of heights, water, etc or a traumatic event like the death of a loved one due to a disease or accident and in order to achieve all of this secondary researches, data analyses and information tools were used.

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in a Population of Rural Children in South Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of the study was to identify exposure to experiences such as violence and the consequences for health in children in a rural South African community. The stratified random sample included 148 children below 17 yr., which comprised 68 (46%) boys and 80 (54%) girls in the age range of 6 to 16 years ( M = 12.1 yr., SD = 3.1). Their ethnicity was Northern Sotho. The interviews included the Children's Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Inventory and the Reporting Questionnaire for Children. The experiences could be grouped into either traumatic or other events. 99 (67%) had directly or vicariously experienced a traumatic event which included witnessing someone killed or seriously injured, serious accident, violent or very unexpected death or suicide of loved one, sexual abuse or rape of relative or friend, violent crime, child abuse, and other life-threatening situations. Scores on the Children's Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Inventory of 17 (8.4%) fulfilled the criterion for posttraumatic stress disorder. 71% had more than one score and 53% had more than four scores on the Reporting Questionnaire for Children. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly related to age and experiences such as those mentioned above.

scholarly journals The Role of Eye-Movements in Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Eye-Movements Lower the Number of Intrusive Thoughts of Negative Memories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gauranga Jeram Patel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Negative Memories

<p>Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was developed as a treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and involves the patient thinking about a traumatic event while simultaneously moving their eyes from side to side. Despite substantial support for the efficacy of EMDR questions remain regarding how eye-movements contribute to therapy. One explanation is that eye-movements tax a part of working memory known as the central executive; however, the exact mechanism involved is still unclear. Previous eye-movement research has focussed on self-ratings of vividness and emotionality of negative memories as the primary outcome measures. The focus of the current research was to examine the effect of eye-movements on the suppression of negative autobiographical memories in addition to vividness and emotionality. Non-clinical participants were asked to recall negative autobiographical memories and then verbally reported ratings of vividness and emotionality. In the eye-movement conditions, which varied by speed and direction of movement, eye-movements were stimulated using dots on a computer screen. Participants were then asked to avoid thinking of their memories, and intrusive thoughts were measured by pressing a computer key. Six experiments found that, overall, the effect of eye-movements on self-ratings was inconsistent, but that eye-movements reliably improved suppression of negative autobiographical memories. The findings also support the central executive explanation for the effectiveness of eye-movements in EMDR.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Eye-Movements in Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Eye-Movements Lower the Number of Intrusive Thoughts of Negative Memories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gauranga Jeram Patel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Negative Memories

<p>Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was developed as a treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and involves the patient thinking about a traumatic event while simultaneously moving their eyes from side to side. Despite substantial support for the efficacy of EMDR questions remain regarding how eye-movements contribute to therapy. One explanation is that eye-movements tax a part of working memory known as the central executive; however, the exact mechanism involved is still unclear. Previous eye-movement research has focussed on self-ratings of vividness and emotionality of negative memories as the primary outcome measures. The focus of the current research was to examine the effect of eye-movements on the suppression of negative autobiographical memories in addition to vividness and emotionality. Non-clinical participants were asked to recall negative autobiographical memories and then verbally reported ratings of vividness and emotionality. In the eye-movement conditions, which varied by speed and direction of movement, eye-movements were stimulated using dots on a computer screen. Participants were then asked to avoid thinking of their memories, and intrusive thoughts were measured by pressing a computer key. Six experiments found that, overall, the effect of eye-movements on self-ratings was inconsistent, but that eye-movements reliably improved suppression of negative autobiographical memories. The findings also support the central executive explanation for the effectiveness of eye-movements in EMDR.</p>

“I Have No Words”: A Qualitative Study About the Traumatic Experience of Violent Death

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110515
Author(s):  
Laura Teixeira Bolaséll ◽  
Vitoria Castro da Cruz Oliveira ◽  
Vitor Corrêa Frimm ◽  
Cynthia Castiel Menda ◽  
Caroline Santa Maria Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Two Factors

Individuals bereaved by violent death have a higher risk of developing psychopathology. Consistent data concerning the subjective experience during the traumatic event of the death are still scarce. This study aimed to explore the traumatic experience of the violent death of a loved one. Nine reports of patients bereaved by violence were selected and transcribed. Reports were analyzed using Bardin’s Content Analysis. Two final categories were generated. It was observed that most participants remembered details about the traumatic event or the time they were told about the violent death. There were two factors described as important when coping with the loss, social support during the traumatic event, and receiving detailed information from the authorities and others present in that moment. This study provides relevant data for future interventions during violent situations by health and security professionals.

scholarly journals Grief, Traumatic Loss and Coping following Bereavement: Case Study of Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Kaneez
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Coping

Loss of a loved one is a very painful and often a traumatic experience for most of the people. The burden of the loss can be carried over a life time or laid down. Grief is a profound and complex response for those who have been left behind. There found different gender reactions in grief and traumatic event. Women tend to experience more intense emotional reactions such as shock, denial, anger, depression that may linger on for quite some time, especially when they were widow and mother. Individuals grieve differently, yet coping with bereavement depends upon the personal characteristics, available support, coping mechanism, faith and self concept of sufferers. Using the case study approach, this article explores the grief, trauma (psychological response) and coping pattern among bereaved women while struggling with the loss. The cases of three Muslim women widowed during the last one year were analyzed. Findings highlight the importance of social support, religious or spiritual beliefs, traumatic growth in bereavement and coping with the loss of a family member.

scholarly journals Childhood trauma and Effective Empirically Based Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Shanika Lavi Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Military Family ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
War Experiences

Trauma affects many children in various ways globally. According to SAMHSA (2017), the “occurrence of child trauma is very prevalent, and 75% of children reported experiencing at least one traumatic event by age 16”. Traumatic events consist of “psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; community or school violence; witnessing or experiencing domestic violence; national disasters or terrorism; commercial sexual exploitation; sudden or violent loss of a loved one; refugee or war experiences; military family-related stressors; physical or sexual assault; neglect; and serious accidents or life-threatening illness” (SAMHSA, 2017). This literature review evaluates three different attachment-based, trauma-informed interventions for young children 0 - 7 years of age which are: Attachment and BioBehavioural Catchup (ABC), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT).  Throughout this review, childhood trauma will be defined, and the current occurrence rates will be discussed. Furthermore, the descriptions of the above therapies, clinical trials, and research findings will be examined, and a discussion of the literature review findings will follow.

scholarly journals Mourning and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: neuroendocrine implications and nutritional management

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 952-959
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Fialho de Sousa Campos ◽  
Francisco Miguel Quintão Valente ◽  
Raquel Maria Amaral Araújo ◽  
Josefina Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Brain Circuit

SUMMARY This article aims to make reference to some recent mourning aspects considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease, specifically the Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The objective was to describe the stress from the death of a loved one combining it to the possibility of occurrence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy through the perception of a traumatic event by the cortex, which triggers the subcortical brain circuit affecting the endocrine response. Given the growing acknowledgement of this cardiomyopathy, it is possible to contextualize the nutritional behaviours and decisions surrounding it, whose benefits must exceed the condition of temporary cardiac dysfunction and extend to food choices that have some influence in the limbic system. It is a descriptive analysis that aims to problematize the theme into reflections based on this experience, considering the foundation with the science of nutrition.

scholarly journals Childhood Trauma and Effective Empirically Based Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p45
Author(s):  
Wendy Clements ◽  
Larry D. Williams ◽  
Tyrone David ◽  
S. Lavi Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Military Family ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
War Experiences

Trauma affects many children in various ways globally. According to SAMHSA (2017), the “occurrence of child trauma is very prevalent, and 75% of children reported experiencing at least one traumatic event by age 16”. Traumatic events consist of “psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; community or school violence; witnessing or experiencing domestic violence; national disasters or terrorism; commercial sexual exploitation; sudden or violent loss of a loved one; refugee or war experiences; military family-related stressors; physical or sexual assault; neglect; and serious accidents or life-threatening illness” (SAMHSA, 2017). This literature review evaluates three different attachment-based, trauma-informed interventions for young children 0-7 years of age which are: Attachment and Bio-Behavioral Catchup (ABC), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Throughout this review, childhood trauma will be defined, and the current occurrence rates will be discussed. Furthermore, the descriptions of the above therapies, clinical trials, and research findings will be examined, and a discussion of the literature review findings will follow.

Remembering the Super-Typhoon: Some, but Not All, Qualities of First-Hand Survivor Memories of Natural Disaster Are Similar to Near Death Experience and Flashbulb Memory Accounts

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412095757
Author(s):  
Gary D. Bond ◽  
Brian Pasko ◽  
Federico Solis-Perez ◽  
Caydence S. Sisneros ◽  
Angelina F. Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Super Typhoon ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
High Death ◽  
Death Experience ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

The strongest storm in Philippines history, super-typhoon Haiyan, barreled through central Philippines in 2013 and left a high death toll and extensive destruction in its wake. Past studies have investigated Fading Affect Bias (FAB) in extremely negative situations like the death of a loved one and found that the FAB generally occurs in those extreme situations, but this study is the first to assess FAB in first-hand memories for a natural disaster survival situation. The FAB phenomenon is the tendency for emotional intensity associated with negative memories for events to fade over time and emotional intensity for positive events stays relatively stable over time. Researchers collected memories for the super-typhoon from survivors three years after the event. Results showed that negative emotional intensity for the event faded after the event. Emotion in comparison positive memories for non-typhoon events did not fade, and emotion in comparison negative memories faded, following results in several other FAB studies. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used as an initial assessment of mood before the study began, and PANAS scores reliably predicted current emotional intensity scores. Memory vividness and emotional intensity in first-hand accounts of a natural disaster experience behave like vividness and intensity in flashbulb memories, but details in first-hand accounts are similar to the amount of details in memories of near-death experiences. How memory rehearsal behaves in relation to time elapsed since event has yet to be captured for first-hand survival experiences.

Compensatory Coping Through the Extension of Working Hours

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maie Stein ◽  
Sylvie Vincent-Höper ◽  
Nicole Deci ◽  
Sabine Gregersen ◽  
Albert Nienhaus
Keyword(s):  
Job Demands ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Abstract. To advance knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between leadership and employees’ well-being, this study examines leaders’ effects on their employees’ compensatory coping efforts. Using an extension of the job demands–resources model, we propose that high-quality leader–member exchange (LMX) allows employees to cope with high job demands without increasing their effort expenditure through the extension of working hours. Data analyses ( N = 356) revealed that LMX buffers the effect of quantitative demands on the extension of working hours such that the indirect effect of quantitative demands on emotional exhaustion is only significant at low and average levels of LMX. This study indicates that integrating leadership with employees’ coping efforts into a unifying model contributes to understanding how leadership is related to employees’ well-being. The notion that leaders can affect their employees’ use of compensatory coping efforts that detract from well-being offers promising approaches to the promotion of workplace health.

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