Contribution to the Identification and Quantitative Determination of Carbon Black in Vulcanizates by Thermogravimetric Analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1060-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pautrat ◽  
B. Metivier ◽  
J. Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nitrile Rubbers ◽  
Good Repeatability

Abstract It has been verified that, in a number of cases, thermogravimetric analysis permits quantitative determination and identification of carbon blacks in the free state or in vulcanized compounds. The proper operating conditions can give sufficiently good repeatability and adequate precision for most routine analyses. As is the case in other methods for determining the loading, numerous difficulties were encountered with elastomers which graphitize on heating. However, quantitative analysis of black in nitrile rubbers remains possible, but the identification of different types of black is very difficult. The authors propose to continue this study, particularly into the new families of blacks, primarily into the function of the diameter of their elementary particles and their degree of structure.

Quantitative Determination of the Microstructure and Composition of Crosslinked Rubber Blends

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Thorn-Csányi ◽  
Hans-Detlef Luginsland
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Polymer Degradation ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Intermolecular metathetic polymer degradation opens up an analytic method to identify the quality and quantity of the components in blends of different types of rubber even if they are crosslinked and filled with carbon black, mineral oil, etc.. Furthermore the amount of soluble and insoluble additives can be determined. Moreover, metathetic degradation allows for determination of detailed information about the chemical microstructure (e.g. sequence length distribution of 1,2-butadiene and styrene units) of the rubbers used. This method is suitable for analysis of rubber components in tires.

Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

Qualitative and quantitative determination of trace aldehydes and ketones in food preservative propionic acid for quality improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Cao ◽  
Shenjie Zhu ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Qun Cui ◽  
Haiyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Aldehyde Content

Aiming at the difficulty in qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace compositions in food preservative propionic acid, the trace compositions and the key components influencing the total aldehyde content in...

scholarly journals A Quantitative Determination of Minimum Film Thickness in Elastohydrodynamic Circular Contacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim Habchi ◽  
Philippe Vergne
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pure Rolling ◽  
Minimum Film Thickness

Abstract The current work presents a quantitative approach for the prediction of minimum film thickness in elastohydrodynamic lubricated (EHL) circular contacts. In contrast to central film thickness, minimum film thickness can be hard to accurately measure, and it is usually poorly estimated by classical analytical film thickness formulae. For this, an advanced finite-element-based numerical model is used to quantify variations of the central-to-minimum film thickness ratio with operating conditions, under isothermal Newtonian pure-rolling conditions. An ensuing analytical expression is then derived and compared to classical film thickness formulae and to more recent similar expressions. The comparisons confirmed the inability of the former to predict the minimum film thickness, and the limitations of the latter, which tend to overestimate the ratio of central-to-minimum film thickness. The proposed approach is validated against numerical results as well as experimental data from the literature, revealing an excellent agreement with both. This framework can be used to predict minimum film thickness in circular elastohydrodynamic contacts from knowledge of central film thickness, which can be either accurately measured or rather well estimated using classical film thickness formulae.

scholarly journals Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin Content in Different Types of Biomasses by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pseudocomponent Kinetic Model (TGA-PKM Method)

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
David Díez ◽  
Ana Urueña ◽  
Raúl Piñero ◽  
Aitor Barrio ◽  
Tarja Tamminen
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Different Types

The standard method for determining the biomass composition, in terms of main lignocellulosic fraction (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) contents, is by chemical method; however, it is a slow and expensive methodology, which requires complex techniques and the use of multiple chemical reagents. The main objective of this article is to provide a new efficient, low-cost and fast method for the determination of the main lignocellulosic fraction contents of different types of biomasses from agricultural by-products to softwoods and hardwoods. The method is based on applying deconvolution techniques on the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) pyrolysis curves obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) through a kinetic approach based on a pseudocomponent kinetic model (PKM). As a result, the new method (TGA-PKM) provides additional information regarding the ease of carrying out their degradation in comparison with other biomasses. The results obtained show a good agreement between experimental data from analytical procedures and the TGA-PKM method (±7%). This indicates that the TGA-PKM method can be used to have a good estimation of the content of the main lignocellulosic fractions without the need to carry out complex extraction and purification chemical treatments. In addition, the good quality of the fit obtained between the model and experimental DTG curves (R2Adj = 0.99) allows to obtain the characteristic kinetic parameters of each fraction.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF 14C AND TGA TECHNIQUES FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE BIOMASS CONTENT OF END-OF-LIFE TIRES

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Saiz-Rodríguez ◽  
José María Bermejo-Muñoz ◽  
Andrés Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Alberto Fernández-Torres ◽  
Antonio Rubinos-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Thermogravimetric Method ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reference Samples

ABSTRACT Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and 14C techniques were compared for the determination of the biomass content of end-of-life tires (ELTs). Samples of different types (of ELTs) were prepared, and the biomass fraction of each sample was measured using the two methods (TGA and 14C). Six reference samples were also prepared with known quantities of natural rubber and stearic acid in order to establish the calibration curve necessary for the thermogravimetric analysis and to verify the accuracy of the results of the 14C analysis. The conclusions were that the 14C technique is the more valid, reliable, and precise method for determining the biomass content of end-of-life tires, since the results of the 14C tests of the reference samples coincided perfectly with the actual natural rubber and stearic acid content. On the other hand, the results of the thermogravimetric method differed considerably from the known natural rubber content of the reference samples as well as from the results of the 14C technique. This method is therefore not appropriate for use in determining the biomass content of end-of-life tires.

scholarly journals A quantitative determination of the distribution of carbon-black in mice organs

1978 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Shigeo Hokari ◽  
Kazuhito Kawata ◽  
Akira Matsumoto ◽  
Masanori Akiyama
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Quantitative Determination

More-sensitive enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique for procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide in plasma, serum, and urine.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Henry ◽  
R A Dhruv
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Immunoassay Technique ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract A commercially available (Syva Co.) enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) for the quantitative determination of procainamide (PA) and N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) was modified to allow automated quantitative analysis of approximately 100 samples per day, in a working range of 0.1 to 2.0 micrograms/mL. Such a test was needed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of controlled-release dosage forms characterized by long half-lives at low plasma concentration. Analytical recovery of PA and NAPA from serum, plasma, and urine was satisfactory, but at extreme ratios for PA:NAPA the accuracy of determining the lower-concentration component became unsatisfactory. In fact, however, we found no such ratios in 5400 clinical samples assayed by this procedure.

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