Reënforcement of Rubber by Fillers

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
John T. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Double Integral ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sound Theoretical Basis ◽  
Volume Range

Abstract Wiegand's “Δ A” function, as represented by the double integral of tensile with respect to elongation and volume of a pigment over the base mix, is a practical means of expressing the reënforcing effect of the filler. On the other hand, the volume range over which the bonding of the filler is greater than the strength of the rubber matrix gives a better understanding of the condition of the filler in the rubber. Apparently, the importance of fatty acids and other polar compounds in dispersions can be put on a sound theoretical basis.

The ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi to utilize fatty acids and a lipid as a carbon source for mycelial growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Hattori ◽  
Akira Ohta ◽  
Masayuki Itaya ◽  
Mikio Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Relative Utilization

We have investigated growth of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (i.e., 55 strains of 32 species in 15 genera) on saturated (palmitate), monounsaturated (oleate), diunsaturated (linoleate), triunsaturated (linolenate) fatty acids, and the triacylglyceride of oleate (triolein) lipid to elucidate an ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source for growth. Relative utilization ratios (URs, %) based on mycelial growth on glucose suggest that ECM fungi belonging to the family Thelephoraceae have an ability to utilize palmitate. On the other hand, ECM fungi in the genus Laccaria can utilize at least either palmitate or oleate. Furthermore, Hygropharus russula grows on palmitate, oleate, and slightly on triolein. Lactarius chrysorrheus grows only on palmitate. These fatty-acid- and lipid-utilizing fungi may be promising as model fungi for further elucidation of the metabolic ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source. On the contrary, the fungi in the genus Suillus were shown to scarcely utilize the fatty acids and lipid. Furthermore, most ECM fungi did not grow on either linoleate or linolenate.Key words: carbon source, ectomycorrhizal fungi, fatty acid, lipid, mycelial growth.

scholarly journals Digestion of grass lipids and pigments in the sheep rumen

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. C. Dawson ◽  
Norma Hemington
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Rapid Decomposition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Micro Organisms

1. Digestion of grass lipids and pigments in the rumen of the sheep has been studied during starvation and following the administration of 14C-labelled grass.2. Both galactolipids contained in chloroplasts are rapidly degraded, although mono-galactosyldiglycerides disappear faster than digalactosyldiglycerides. It was concluded that rumen micro-organisms are mainly responsible for this degradation, although grass itself also contains enzymes which can degrade galactolipids.3. Rumen contents can degrade added 14C-labelled mono- and digalactosyldiglycerides in vitro at a rate sufficient to account for the disappearance of galactolipids in the intact rumen. The initial enzyme attack is probably a successive deacylation to give monogalactosylglycerol and digalactosylglycerol.4. Most of the chlorophyll pigments are rapidly converted into phaeophytins by loss of magnesium. A small proportion of chlorophyll a and more of chlorophyll b remains intact even after 24 h starvation. On the other hand, about half the phaeophytin undergoes further rapid decomposition to yield phylloerythrin.5. Although the grass phospholipids are extensively degraded, β-carotenes and many non-polar compounds, e.g. steroids, appear to undergo little change in the rumen.

scholarly journals Propuesta de metodología para el cálculo de los parámetros fundamentales del sistema de limpieza de las cosechadoras de cereales

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Idalberto Macías Socarrás ◽  
Benjamín Gaskin Espinosa ◽  
Antonio Barrera Amat ◽  
Lenni Ramírez Flores ◽  
Mercedes Arzube Mayorga
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Important System

El presente trabajo recoge, de forma resumida, una propuesta de metodología para el cálculo de los principales parámetros del sistema de limpieza de las cosechadoras de cereales; la misma para su mejor comprensión se divide en tres partes fundamentales: parámetros del sacudidor de paja, parámetros de la superficie de limpieza o tamiz y parámetros principales del ventilador. La fundamentación teórica de esta metodología, ayudará a una mejor comprensión del funcionamiento de este importante sistema para estudiantes y especialistas del tema. Consecuentemente,  constituye una herramienta de trabajo para los estudiantes de las carreras de las ciencias técnicas agropecuarias, para solución de tareas relacionadas con la mecanización agropecuaria y teoría de máquinas agrícolas. AbstractThe present paper summarizes a proposal for a methodology for the calculation of the main parameters of the cleaning system of grain harvesters; the same for its better understanding is divided in three fundamental parts: parameters of the straw shaker, parameters of the cleaning surface or sieve and main parameters of the fan. The theoretical basis of this methodology will help a better understanding of the functioning of this important system for students and specialists in the subject. On the other hand, it is a working tool for the students of agricultural sciences, to solve tasks related to agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery theory.  

scholarly journals Studies to Explain Associations between Relative Amounts of Body Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Arne Høstmark
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Current Context

Relative amounts of variables, such as body fatty acids, might be positively or negatively associated. The purpose of the present work was to investigate further, how such correlations might arise. One particular feature seemed to be that distributions of the variables were crucial for obtaining either positive or negative correlations, and for their strength, suggesting the name Distribution Dependent Correlations (DDC). The present work suggests that, with three positive scale variables, two of which (A, B) having very low variability relative to a third one (R), we should expect a positive association between percent A and percent B, the slope being estimated by the B/A ratio. Furthermore, we should expect a negative relationship between %R and %A (%B), in the current context. On the other hand, if A and B have high numbers and broad ranges relative to R, then %A should relate inversely to %B. Thus, ranges of A, B, and R seem to govern associations between their relative amounts, and alterations in the ranges have appreciable effects to change the associations. We suggest that evolution might utilize DDC to regulate metabolism, as suggested to occur with body fatty acids.

scholarly journals Liquid CO2 Extraction of Jasminum grandiflorum and Comparison with Conventional Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Om Prakash ◽  
Deeptanjali Sahoo ◽  
Prasant Kumar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Free Product ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Benzyl Acetate ◽  
Methyl Anthranilate ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
The Absolute

The concrete (0.35%) of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers was prepared by extraction in n-pentane, and the absolute (0.27%) by fractionation of the n-pentane extract (concrete) with cold methanol. Direct extraction of flowers with liquid CO2 gave a relatively fat-free product in 0.26% yield. The liquid CO2 extract was enriched with terpenoids and benzenoids, thus providing the organoleptically accepted product. The major compounds, such as benzyl acetate, ( E,E)-α-farnesene and ( Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, along with compounds like indole, methyl anthranilate, ( Z)-jasmone, ( Z)-methyl jasmonoate and ( Z)-methyl epi-jasmonoate, are responsible for the high diffusivity of the jasmine fragrance. These compounds have been obtained with improved recoveries in the liquid CO2 extract. On the other hand, the yield of the essential oil was poor (0.05%), and some polar compounds (oxygenated terpenoids) were recovered in less amounts in comparison with either the n-pentane or liquid CO2 extract.

Set-theoretical basis for real numbers

1950 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Full Generality ◽  
Ordered Field ◽  
Other Hand

In [1] we have considered a certain system L and shown that although its axioms are considerably weaker than those of [2], it suffices for purposes of the topics covered in [2]. The purpose of the present paper is to consider the system L more carefully and to show that with suitably chosen definitions for numbers, the ordinary theory of real numbers is also obtainable in it. For this purpose, we shall indicate that we can prove in L a certain set of twenty axioms used by Tarski which are sufficient for the arithmetic of real numbers and are to the effect that real numbers form a complete ordered field. Indeed, we cannot prove in L all Tarski's twenty axioms in their full generality. One of them, stating in effect that every bounded class of real numbers possesses a least upper bound, can only be proved as a metatheorem which states that every bounded nameable class of real numbers possesses a least upper bound. However, all the other nineteen axioms can be proved in L without any modification.This result may be of some interest because the axioms of L are considerably weaker than those commonly employed for the same purpose. In L variables need to take as values only classes each of whose members has no more than two members. In other words, only classes each with no more than two members are to be elements. On the other hand, it is usual to assume for the purpose of natural arithmetic that all finite classes are elements, and, for the purpose of real arithmetic, that all enumerable classes are elements.

3D Euler deconvolution: Theoretical basis for automatically selecting good solutions

Geophysics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1962-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
João B. C. Silva ◽  
Valéria C. F. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Anomaly ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Source Location ◽  
The Other ◽  
Euler Deconvolution ◽  
Data Window ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
3D Euler Deconvolution ◽  
Structural Indices ◽  
Derivatives Of

We derive the analytical estimators for the horizontal and vertical source positions in 3D Euler deconvolution as a function of the x‐, y‐, and z‐derivatives of the magnetic anomaly within a data window. From these expressions we show that, in the case of noise‐corrupted data, the x‐, y‐, and z‐coordinate estimates computed at the anomaly borders are biased toward the respective horizontal coordinate of the data window center regardless of the true or presumed structural indices and regardless of the magnetization inclination and declination. On the other hand, in the central part of the anomaly, the x‐ and y‐coordinate estimates are very close to the respective source horizontal coordinates regardless of the true or presumed structural indices and regardless of the magnetization inclination and declination. This contrasting behavior of the horizontal coordinate estimates may be used to automatically delineate the region associated with the best solutions. Applying the Euler deconvolution operator inside this region would decrease the dispersion of all position estimates, improving source location precision.

Lipogenesis from ketone bodies in the perfused rat liver: effects of acetate and ethanol

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 989-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Endemann ◽  
Patrick G. Goetz ◽  
John F. Tomera ◽  
William M. Rand ◽  
Sylvain Desrochers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Other Hand

The interactions between acetate or ethanol metabolism, lipogenesis, and ketone body utilization have been studied in isolated livers from fed rats perfused with 15 mM glucose and 10 mM acetate or ethanol. The contribution of acetate to ketogenesis is constant; on the other hand, the contribution of ethanol to ketogenesis increases with time, presumably because of the accumulation of acetate in the perfusate. Ketogenesis is decreased in the presence of ethanol (but not acetate), while ketone body utilization is not affected by ethanol or acetate. Acetate contributes one third and ethanol contributes one half of the carbon incorporated into fatty acids and 3-β-hydroxysterols. Only a small fraction (less than 5%) of the incorporation of acetate or ethanol into fatty acids and sterols occurs via transient incorporation into ketone bodies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Cod Liver Oil on Ratio of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Giant Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-669
Author(s):  
Lutfi Marzuki ◽  
. Agustono ◽  
Boedi Setya Rahardja
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Commercial Feed

The existence of feed plays an important role in aquaculture activities. This is due to the dominant influence on fish feed growth. Feeding with the right nutritional components can produce healthy and high-quality fish products. One of the nutrients needed by fish is fatty acids. In fact, the provision of fatty acids, one of which is not in the meat, has an important influence. So, this study aims to determine the effect of adding cod liver oil to commercial feed on the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to the meat of giant prawn. This research was conducted experimentally with a completely randomized design. The treatment is given a dose of cod liver oil 0% (control), and treatments 1-4 use 3% dose addition to each treatment. On the other hand, in the data analysis stage, the researchers used ANOVA and continued with the Duncan’s test. Based on the results, the study notes that the administration of cod liver oil in commercial feed does not affect the decreasing content of saturated fatty acids in giant prawn meat. On the other hand, the results also showed that the best ratio was found in treatment 4 at a dose of 12%. Therefore, it is concluded that the provision of nutrients for feed related to fatty acids in the pole has not reduced the content of saturated fatty acids. As well as, the best ratio of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids was 1.21:1 with cholesterol content of 88.34 mg/dl and this ration resulted by the greatest growth rate in present study.

scholarly journals چه‌مكی ئه‌ده‌ب و ڕه‌خنه‌ی ئه‌ده‌بی‌ له‌تێڕوانینه‌كانی ( كامیل حه‌سه‌ن به‌سیر)دا.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-256
Author(s):  
هاوکار قادر رەسوڵ
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Academic Setting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scientific Reflection ◽  
Distinguishing Features

ABSTRACT  The current study entitled The Concept of Literature and Literary Criticism in Kamil Hassan Basirs’ Views” is a critical study that deals with Kamil Hassan Basirs’ literary views and criticism as far as theoretical basis is concerned. Therefore, the study revolves around what is called ( critical criticism). The purpose behind choosing his works is related to his well- informed knowledge regarding literature in general and criticism in particular. Furthermore, it serves to be a scientific reflection on the works of a treasury and outstanding critic in the country considering that his works have not been paid much attention within the field of literary criticism as well as in an academic setting.  The aim behind this study is to review and evaluate, on one hand, Basirs’ views which have a remarkable position within literary essays in general and critical essays in particular. On the other hand, his views carry his own forms and distinguishing features. For this reason, the researcher has found it necessary to take his views into consideration under the concept critical criticism.  The method of the study is analytical descriptive. It consists of two main parts. The first part sheds some light on Basirs’ views regarding poetry, poets and specifying the role and the participation of Kurdish literature in Kurdish society. The second part is devoted to the terms and concepts concerning criticism in Basirs’ viewpoints. It also studies the qualifications of the critic and the requirements of the scientific criticism. The paper ends with the conclusion in which some important points are concluded.

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