New Generation Carbon-Silica Dual Phase Filler Part I. Characterization and Application to Passenger Tire

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jiao Wang ◽  
Yakov Kutsovsky ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Lawrence J. Murphy ◽  
Steven Laube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract A new carbon-silica dual phase filler (CSDPF) 4000 has been developed for passenger tire application. Analytically, this filler is featured by higher levels of silica at the surface of the aggregate and higher silanol contents compared with the CSDPF 2000 family of products introduced previously. From the compounding point of view, this new dual phase filler shows higher polymer-filler interaction on the carbon domains and lower filler-filler interaction relative to the conventional fillers used in tire tread compounds. The new filler shows significant improvement in wet skid resistance over the earlier products. When this filler is employed in passenger tire tread compounds, the tradeoff among rolling resistance, wear resistance and wet skid resistance of the tire can be significantly improved compared with conventional fillers.

Carbon—Silica Dual Phase Filler, a new Generation Reinforcing Agent for Rubber: Part IX. Application to Truck Tire Tread Compound

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jiao Wang ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Khaled Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Rubber Part ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract The application of carbon-silica dual phase fillers (CSDPF) to natural rubber compound was investigated. It was found that these new fillers give significantly better overall performances in comparison with the conventional fillers—carbon black and silica. In a typical truck-tread compound, due to its high polymer—filler interaction and lower filler—filler interaction, the CSDPF E shows a comparable laboratory abrasion resistance and more than 40% reduction in tan δ at 70 °C, a parameter for rolling resistance, compared to compound filled with its carbon black counterpart, N1 10. These properties can, to a certain degree, be further improved by the addition of a small amount of coupling agent, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT). In the case of wet skid resistance measured using the British Portable Skid Tester, the data show that CSDPF gives better performance than the conventional fillers, with and without coupling agent.

Effect of Rotation Speed and Discharging Temperature on SSBR-Silica Interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Wen Liu ◽  
Tao Zhuang ◽  
Guang Shui Yu ◽  
Shu Gao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Dynamic Viscoelasticity ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

The effects of rotor speed and discharging temperature on silica 1165MP-SSBR 5025-2 interaction as well as the mechanical properties and dynamic viscoelasticity are investigated in this work. The result shows that the discharging temperature increases linearly with increase of rotation speed, leading to increase of bound rubber content. The tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength increase firstly, and then decrease with increase of rotation speed. However, the strength at 100% and 300% deformation decrease, and then they increase. The wet skid resistance of SSBR5025-2 filled with silica 1165MP improves with increase of rotation speed and discharging temperature, and the rolling resistance decreases.

EFFECT OF ELASTOMER NANOPARTICLES ON IMPROVING THE WET SKID RESISTANCE OF SBR/NR COMPOSITES

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingguo Wang ◽  
Jingrui Liu ◽  
Quande Cui ◽  
Xiao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

ABSTRACT How to improve the wet skid resistance of rubber composites for tire tread while decreasing the rolling resistance is very important for both rubber researchers and industry. The irradiation-vulcanized elastomer particles, ultrafine fully-vulcanized powder nitrile butadiene rubber (UFPNBR), having the diameter of about 80 nm, were studied on modifying the dynamic mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber/natural rubber (SBR/NR) composites for tire tread. It is notable that the UFPNBR particles can improve the tanδ values of SBR/NR composites in a temperature range from −10 to 20 °C and decrease the tanδ values in the temperature range from 50 to 70 °C simultaneously, which indicates that the UFPNBR particles not only can improve the wet skid resistance but also can reduce the rolling resistance of the SBR/NR composites. On the other hand, the UFPNBR-modified SBR/NR composites also have good dynamic properties for safety operation of tires at high temperature and good tensile strength, tear strength, and fatigue properties in the range of 8 phr UFPNBR loadings.

Wear resistance and wet skid resistance of composite bionic tire tread compounds with pit structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 085331
Author(s):  
Chunyu Mao ◽  
Yunhai Ma ◽  
Siyang Wu ◽  
Yintao Wei ◽  
Junwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

ELASTOMERIC NANOPARTICLES: EFFECTIVE ADDITIVE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES

2020 ◽  
pp. 000-000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Jinliang Qiao ◽  
Zhifeng Zhou ◽  
Jianming Gao ◽  
Guicun Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Wear Life ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

ABSTRACT The “magic triangle” is the most important challenge to rubber composites for the automobile industry. According to the magic triangle, it is difficult to improve the rolling resistance (energy saving), wet skid resistance (safety), and wear (life) of a tire simultaneously. However, ∼5% decrease of rolling resistance, >20% increase of wet skid resistance, and 15% decrease of wear were achieved after adding a small amount of elastomeric nanoparticle (ENP). The effect of ENP on the performances of rubber composites was expounded by characterization of the dispersion of filler and the relationship between filler and rubber. The main difference between ENPs and other nanoparticles was that ENPs acted as not only a part of filler but also as a part of rubber in rubber composites.

Magnesium Silicate Filler in Rubber Tread Compounds

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis González Hernández ◽  
Luis M. Ibarra Rueda ◽  
Celia Chamorro Antón
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract The natural magnesium silicate, sepiolite (trade name Pansil), can partially substitute (up to 30%) for carbon black without important losses in physical properties and occasionally can improve them. In the NR-based compounds, as the substitution takes place, vulcanization times and Mooney viscosities decrease. Tear and abrasion resistances are lower. The same effects are observed in the SBR-based compounds, though in this case, the addition of a silane coupling agent (Silane A-189) counteracts the negative effects of the sepiolite, and the obtained values are clearly better than those with only carbon black. According to tan δ behavior in truck tire tread compounds, this filler type gives a higher wet grip resistance, but rolling resistance would be adversely affected by its use, though the presence of a silane coupling agent diminishes these effects. On the contrary, in passenger tire tread compounds, the partial substitution for carbon black seems to increase the wet resistance too, without a pronounced damage in rolling resistance. In this case, the addition of the silane coupling agent produces an increase in wet skid resistance and a decrease in rolling resistance. Based on laboratory tests, rolling resistance increases in all cases, mainly when the sepiolite was modified with silane. Wet skid resistance showed no variations. Clearly, it would be desirable to confirm our observations by an actual tire test.

scholarly journals Preparation and Performance of Silica/ESBR Nanocomposites Modified by Bio-Based Dibutyl Itaconate

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Ji ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Liwei Li ◽  
Xinxin Zhou ◽  
Lan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Hydroxy Groups ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Ester-functionalized styrene-butadiene rubber (dibutyl itaconate-styrene-butadiene rubber) (D-ESBR) was synthesized by low-temperature emulsion polymerization using dibutyl itaconate (DBI) as a modified monomer containing ester groups. Nonpetroleum-based silica with hydroxy groups was used as a filler to enhance the D-ESBR, which can provide excellent mechanical properties, low rolling resistance, and high wet skid resistance. During the preparation of the silica/D-ESBR nanocomposites, a hydrogen-bonding interface was formed between the hydroxy groups on the surface of silica and the ester groups in the D-ESBR macromolecules. As the content of ester groups in the D-ESBR increases, the dispersion of silica in the nanocomposites is gradually improved, which was verified by rubber process analyzer (RPA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall mechanical properties of the silica/D-ESBR modified with 5 wt % DBI were improved and became superior to that of the non-modified nanocomposite. Compared with the non-modified silica/D-ESBR, the DBI modified silica/D-ESBR exhibited a lower tan δ value at 60 °C and comparable tan δ value at 0 °C, indicating that the DBI modified silica/D-ESBR had lower rolling resistance without sacrificing wet skid resistance.

The effect of silica modified by deep eutectic solvents on the properties of nature rubber/silica composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110200
Author(s):  
Hao Yang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Huaiqing Guo ◽  
Wenbo Hu ◽  
Aihua Du
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

The effect of deep eutectic solvent (DES) modified silica on the properties of nature rubber (NR) composites were investigated. The DES is an environment-friendly and low-cost solvent, which was prepared by mixing choline chloride and urea in a 1:2 molar ratio. The NR composites filled with DES modified silica were prepared and the properties were tested. The interaction between the DES and silica were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the interaction between silica and silica were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dynamic properties, such as rolling resistance and wet skid resistance, and were tested by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Morphologies of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the DES can interact with silica by hydrogen bond to improve the compatibility between the rubber and silica. When the content of DES was 3 phr, the tensile strength, modulus at 300%, tear strength, and the crosslinking density of the composites was increased. At the same time, the proper content of DES can reduce the rolling resistance of the vulcanized rubber while maintaining good wet skid resistance.

EFFECTS OF BLEND RATIO AND SBR TYPE ON PROPERTIES OF SILICA-FILLED SBR/NR TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongdhorn Sae-oui ◽  
Krisda Suchiva ◽  
Uthai Thepsuwan ◽  
Wenussarin Intiya ◽  
Pram Yodjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Heat Buildup ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

ABSTRACT The influences of blend ratio between SBR and NR and SBR type, emulsion SBR (E-SBR) and solution SBR (S-SBR), on properties of silica-filled passenger car tire tread–based compounds were investigated. Results reveal that, with increasing NR proportion, cure time and most mechanical and dynamic properties, for example, tensile strength, tear strength, modulus, abrasion resistance, and wet skid resistance of the compounds and vulcanizates, are reduced, whereas the improvements in elongation at break and crack growth resistance are observed. The unexpectedly impaired mechanical and dynamic properties identified in the presence of NR are mainly caused by thermal degradation of NR taking place during the mixing process at high temperature. Compared with E-SBR, S-SBR provides superior properties in many aspects, that is, higher modulus and greater abrasion and wet skid resistances as well as lower heat buildup and rolling resistance. However, E-SBR gives greater tear strength than S-SBR.

Predicting Tire Tread Performance from Composition. I

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Lane ◽  
C. A. McCall ◽  
P. F. Gunberg
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Composition I ◽  
Heat Buildup ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract Wet skid resistance of tread compounds, as measured by the British Portable Tester, and heat buildup, as measured by the Goodrich Flexometer, can be predicted accurately from a knowledge of composition and modulus, while wear resistance, as measured by the Pico Abrader, can be predicted with only fair accuracy. The predicting relations were developed using multiple regression analysis from data obtained in a designed experimental program. Independent variables included four polymers (emulsion SBR's of 0, 23.5, and 40% bound styrene and cis-polybutadiene), extender level, carbon black N−285 loading, and modulus. Field test results are presented for compounds selected to show improved wet skid resistance while maintaining wear and groove cracking resistance at present-day levels. Test conditions influencing tire wet skid testing results, particularly the phenomenon of partial hydroplaning, are discussed.

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