Relations between the Quality of Latex and Its Chemical Composition
Abstract One of the chief technical difficulties when latex is used industrially for the manufacture of rubber articles is that there is no method available for determining whether or not successive shipments of latex are suitable for any particular process of manufacture. Two samples of latex may be similar in appearance and have nearly the same chemical properties with respect to dry rubber content, total solids and alkalinity, yet one sample may be in excellent condition, whereas the other sample is on the point of coagulating. When these two samples are mixed with compounding ingredients, one remains quite fluid, while the other thickens or even coagulates. Then again, when treated with a coagulant, one sample gels in a normal way and under conditions compatible with good processing, whereas the other sample gels either too rapidly or too slowly, or coagulates to an unusable mass. It is safe to say that there is no generally acceptable method with which it is possible to judge the quality of latex, and the different procedures which have been suggested cannot be regarded as satisfactory. Rubber planters have called attention many times to the large variations in the properties of natural latex. Preserved latex is perhaps even more variable, for new factors then enter and influence its properties, e.g., the effects of bacteria before any preservatives are added to the latex, and chemical reactions which take place between certain components of the latex and the preservatives. In addition, the properties of latex change continuously with age, which is extremely limited compared with that of dry rubber.