scholarly journals The formation of public opinion about the Roma on the press of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova (60s–70s of the XX century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Svetlana Procop ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Reality

This article attempts to show how public opinion about Roma was formed on the pages of the republican press in the 60s and 70s of the XX century. It is known that a set of political attitudes relevant to Soviet society was propagated through the media in the 60s and 70s. At the same time, the media, the press in particular, had certain ideological guidelines for presenting information. The content of this information was aimed not only at selective reflection of socio-cultural reality, but also at creating by means of culture an ideal image of a new person and new social relations, convenient for the political system. In the present article, we will try to show the “presence” of Roma and their problems, reflected in the republican press of Moldova in the 60s–70s of the XX century. In fact, it is about how a whole block of social problems was touch upon and solved in the periodicals, while the interests of the Roma population, living in the republic, were not considered separately. Within the framework of this study, an attempt was made to formulate a hypothesis related to the extent to which the “Roma issue”, as it is presented today all over the world, has been included in a number of national issues that need to be addressed

scholarly journals Organization of Oral Advertising and Agitation in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (On Materials of North Ossetia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Ruslan G. Bimbasov
Keyword(s):  
Population Group ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Party State

This author examines the activities of Soviet party-state bodies in the field of propaganda among the population in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (North Ossetia) during the Great Patriotic War. Propaganda is effective when its message is deeply rooted in the consciousness of the population group to which it is addressed. For this reason the media and the organizations of oral propaganda of North Ossetia sought to get the most accurate information on the particular group that was called upon to fulfill wartime tasks. The author used various types of sources, including documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia that are here first introduced into scientific circulation. The paper identifies the directions of party-state bodies in organizing propaganda on the territory of the republic in 1941-1945, and it assesses the degree of their effectiveness. While the outbreak of the war led to an expansion of propaganda, there was an acute shortage of specialists in various fields of life, including in propaganda work among the civilian population. The paper reveals the main methods of forming the image of the enemy by propaganda bodies and the media. The author concludes that the activities of the propaganda apparatus in the republic during the War had a direct impact on public consciousness and contributed to the consolidation of the region's population in the fight against the enemy, and to overcoming the difficulties of the War years.

scholarly journals The Fate of Educators in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic During the Struggle Against “Bourgeois Nationalism” (1937-1938)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Rustam Z. Almaev
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Regional Leaders

This article discusses the political repressions of 1937-1938 in the fi eld of public education, with the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as its case study. The author assembles new archival documents, mass media materials and memoirs of contemporaries to illuminate the regional specifi cs of repression in the broader context of the Stalinist era. Particular attention is paid to how “enemies of the people” were identifi ed. The author argues that the Bashkir Regional Party Committee, the media, and the party committees of educational institutions, as well as the organs of the NKVD worked in unison to expose “hostile elements” and Trotskyists among directors of educational institutions, specialists in higher education, and public school teachers. The media, as well as the decisions of closed party meetings, were imbued with the spirit of ideological intolerance; they provided the moral and ideological justifi cation for the arrests. This article traces a trend that was characteristic of national autonomous republics in general: the persecution of regional leaders and members of the national intelligentsia on charges of “local bourgeois nationalism.” The author also examines how purges in the party, state and educational bodies of the republic targeted “nationalists” directly or indirectly associated with “national and local deviationists” of the revolutionary years. The article also discusses the fate of Bashkortostan’s People’s Commissars of Education who were subjected to repression. Reconstructing the complex social and political situation in the educational sphere of the BASSR allows us to draw important conclusions, and better understand contemporary social and political processes.

scholarly journals THE CHUVASH AUTONOMY AS PART OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD – GORKY TERRITORY (1929–1936): THE NATURE OF INTERACTION AMONG PARTY BODIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Anna V. Chernyshova ◽  
Elman E. Rzaev
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
Active Core ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Stated Problem

The article discusses the period when the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ChASSR) existed as a part of Nizhny Novgorod – Gorky Territory in 1929 – 1936. The reasons for the unification of regions are defined. The role of the ACP (b) governing bodies in the development of the region in the conditions of forced socialism construction is shown. The mechanisms of interaction between the party bodies of the ACP (b) regional organization and the party bodies of the Chuvash Autonomy are presented. The materials of regional party conferences reveal territory committee’s positive and negative assessments of the activity performed by the Chuvash party organization on solving the main problems of the Soviet society development in the 1930s: ensuring the industrial development of the Republic, collectivization and improvement of agriculture efficiency, cultural development of the region, its personnel support on the principles of indigenization. The analysis of meeting agendas defined the role of the plenum, the secretariat of the Party’s territory committee and regional assemblies of the party active core in improving the effectiveness of the party bodies of the Chuvash autonomy. Examples of interaction between sectoral structural divisions and institutions of party bodies to solve the problems of management personnel quality and anti-religious activity are given. The main features of interaction between the party bodies of Nizhny Novgorod – Gorky Territory and Chuvashia are emphasized. Prospects of performing research of the stated problem, its source base are determined.

Resettlement Processes in the Ukrainian SSR during the Holodomor (1932–34)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-99
Author(s):  
Olesia Rozovyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic

This article, based on archival documents, reveals resettlement processes in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1932–34, which were conditioned by the repressive policy of the Soviet power. The process of resettlement into those regions of the Soviet Ukraine where the population died from hunger most, and which was approved by the authorities, is described in detail. It is noted that about 90,000 people moved from the northern oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR to the southern part of the republic. About 127,000 people arrived in Soviet Ukraine from the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and the western oblasts of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The material conditions of their residence and the reasons for the return of settlers to their previous places of inhabitance are described. I conclude that the resettlement policy of the authorities during 1932–34 changed the social and national composition of the eastern and southern oblasts of Ukraine.

Constructing Public Opinion and Manipulating Symbols: China's Press Cover-age of the Student Movement in 1989

1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Sidney Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Student Movement ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Tiananmen Square ◽  
The Press ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Military

This content analysis of Chinese newspapers before and after the Tiananmen Square protest examines the symbolic representation of the Student Movement of 1989 in China. The study reveals that top leaders manipulated symbols given to the media and that these symbols rigorously highlighted the dominant ideology of the Chinese Communist Party and isolated the movement participants. Officials attempted to legitimize the military suppression of the movement. The press construction of public opinion echoed the hegemonic process created and maintained by the party structure.

scholarly journals National language issue in Soviet Azerbaijan (1920’s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Khagan Balayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
National Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

On April 28, 1920, the Peoples Republic of Azerbaijan was overthrown as a result of the intrusion of the military forces of Russia and the support of the local communists, the Soviet power was established in Azerbaijan. The Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan and the Council of Peoples Commissars continued the language policy of the Peoples Republic of Azerbaijan. On February 28, 1921, the Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan issued an instruction on the application of Russian and Turkish as languages for correspondences in the government offices. On June 27, 1924, the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic executed the resolution of the second session of the Central Executive Committee of Transcaucasia and issued a decree “on the application of the official language, of the language of the majority and minority of the population in the government offices of the republic”. Article 1 of the said decree declared that the official language in the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic was Turkish.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF NATION-BUILDING IN KAZAKHSTAN IN 1923-1926: EXPERIENCE OF KORENIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LANGUAGE LEGISLATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-844
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Kaziyev ◽  
E.N. Burdina
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
National Language ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Language Legislation ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to nation-building in Kazakhstan in the first years of Soviet power. It is noted that significant attention in this process was given to the languages of the titular nations as official languages. The authors made an attempt to present the formation of legal guarantees for the functioning of the Kazakh and Russian languages of the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and their use in the state apparatus of the republic. The study is based on legislative acts and documents of 1917-1924 with the involvement of archival materials. The authors examined practical steps of korenization (nativization) with respect to party and Soviet administrative structures and transition to paperwork in two state languages in the KASSR. The article reflects the main problems of the implementation of language legislation and percentage korenization as a policy aimed at the formation of national management personnel and solving the problems of serving the population of Kazakhstan in their native language. The problems of introducing office work in the language of the titular nation of material, personnel, mental and other nature are investigated. The authors drew attention to the failure of the attempts of the Soviet state to quickly create an administrative apparatus in the KASSR from national personnel and introduce paperwork in the Kazakh language, as well as to the fact that the Soviet leadership understood this. The study shows the reasons for a significant revision of the korenization policy in the USSR and Soviet Kazakhstan, as well as the introduction of office work in the national language since 1926. Among the positive achievements of the Soviet regime, the creation of strong legal guarantees for the functioning of the Kazakh and Russian languages as the state languages of Kazakhstan of the studied period, as well as the partial korenization of the administrative apparatus of Kazakhstan as a result of targeted and progressive steps of the Soviet state to create national personnel, were noted.

When Stalin's Nations Sang: Writing the Soviet Ukrainian Anthem (1944–1949)

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhy Yekelchyk
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

In February 1944, as the victorious Red Army was preparing to clear the Nazi German forces from the rest of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, a surprise official announcement stunned the population. The radio and the newspapers announced amendments to the Soviet constitution, which would enable the union republics to establish their own armies and maintain diplomatic relations with foreign states. While the Kremlin did not elaborate on the reasons for such a reform, Radianska Ukraina, the republic's official newspaper, proceeded to hail the announcement as “a new step in Ukrainian state building.” Waxing lyrical, the paper wrote that “every son and every daughter of Ukraine” swelled with national pride upon learning of the new rights that had been granted to their republic. In reality, the public was confused. In Ukraine's capital, Kiev, the secret police recorded details of rumors to the effect that the USA and Great Britain had forced this reform on Stalin and that Russians living in Ukraine would be forced to assimilate or to leave the republic. Even some party-appointed propagandists erred in explaining that the change was necessitated by the fact that Ukraine's “borders have widened and [it] will become an independent state.”

Chinese press accounts of the 1911 Revolution: Seeing ‘revolution’

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-256
Author(s):  
Peter Zarrow
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The Press ◽  
The 1911 Revolution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Political Time ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Revolution

By examining how a particular story of events from October 1911 through to the abdication of the Qing imperial house in February 1912 was constructed, it is possible to suggest the effects of that story both as events unfolded and on subsequent historical consciousness. This article examines the coverage of the revolution in two newspapers, Shenbao, founded in Shanghai in 1872, and Dagongbao, founded in Tianjin in 1902. They were not necessarily representative of the press as a whole, much less public opinion, but they demonstrate different versions of the same essential narrative. The Shenbao story of ‘1911’ told of struggle and triumph, culminating in the election of Sun Yat-sen as provisional president on 1 January 1912, which marked the founding of the republic. Dagongbao lacked triumphalism and was almost tragic in its reading of the revolution. Nonetheless, Dagongbao as much as Shenbao was quick to present a story of the transformation of ‘chaos’ into ‘revolution’ and finally into the republic (with the imperial abdication of 12 February). Both newspapers traced the revolution from the Wuchang Uprising, and the resulting narrative structure divided political time into before and after. That division is probably the essence of ‘revolution’.

Le Bon, la Brute et le Raciste. Analyse de la couverture médiatique de l'opinion publique pendant la «crise» des accommodements raisonnables au Québec

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Giasson ◽  
Colette Brin ◽  
Marie-Michele Sauvageau
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Reasonable Accommodation ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
Analyse De Contenu

Résumé.De mars 2006 à décembre 2007, le Québec a été secoué par un débat sociétal sur la question de la gestion de la diversité culturelle. Cette «crise» aurait été alimentée par untsunami médiatiquetraitant de divers cas d'accommodements juridiques ou d'ajustements administratifs accordés dans les services publics à des citoyens québécois issus de l'immigration dans la grande région de Montréal (Giasson et coll., 2008). Par le biais d'une couverture étendue, les médias ont attiré l'attention de la population sur ces pratiques d'accommodement. L'article présente les données exploratoires d'une analyse de contenu de la couverture faite par onze journaux québécois du climat de l'opinion des Québécois en matière de diversité et d'immigration pendant la phase intensive de développement du débat. L'étude montre que dans leur analyse des sondages d'opinion et dans la présentation générale des tendances de l'opinion publique sur les accommodements raisonnables, les journaux ont mis l'accent sur l'évaluation du malaise des répondants envers l'immigration et la diversité religieuse plutôt que sur l'ouverture de la population québécoise envers la diversité et sur l'apport social de l'immigration, renforçant ainsi davantage l'impression populaire qu'une crise sociale majeure se déroulait et qu'il existait un fossé entre les Québécois «de souche», les Québécois issus de l'immigration et les autres Canadiens.Abstract.From March 2006 to December 2007, the province of Quebec experienced a contentious public debate on diversity. The “crisis” was fueled by a “media tsunami” during which news outlets actively reported on numerous cases of reasonable accommodation practices or administrative agreements in public services granted in the Greater Montreal region to citizens of immigrant background (Giasson et al., 2008). Through this extensive coverage, the media brought these instances of accommodation to the public's attention. The research studies the press coverage that 11 daily newspapers dedicated to the state of public opinion in Quebec during the active and intense development phase of the “crisis”. The study shows that in their analysis of polls and their general framing of the mood of public opinion towards reasonable accommodation, newspapers focused mostly on the malaise in the population toward immigration and religious diversity rather than on its openness to diversity and to the positive social outcomes of immigration. In doing so, the media further anchored the popular impression that a serious social crisis was ongoing and that a wide gap in tolerance existed between Francophone Quebeckers, Quebeckers of recent immigrant background and other Canadians.

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