Demographic and Participation Details of Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Sharad Desai ◽  
Nilesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Wage Earner ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Age Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

This paper presents the results of Demographic and Participation Details of Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study. For that data of 50 participants was collected using self-administered questionnaire. After ethics approval, data were collected between between Jul-21 and Aug-21 from Gujarat state of India. Results of demographic and participation details are tabulated by its frequency and percentage. Participants are participating more whose age range were 18-41 years, income less than one lakh, education below Higher Secondary and having private job or wage-earner. Age of first time participation was found in range of 18-41 years and frequency of number studies in which participant participated were found from 01 to 20 studies. Also Chi-Square results suggested there is significant (p < 0.05) relation (I) between the Education and Age of first time participation (II) between the occupation and number of times participated.

Development and Validity of Questionnaire for Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Sharad Desai ◽  
Nilesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Domain Identification ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Validation Of Questionnaire

Participation of humans in clinical research is always remained questionable. Hence evaluation of such doubt helps to conclude the perception about such participation. This research presents the process for development and validation of questionnaire for Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study. For development of questionnaire, literature search, experts’ discussion and authors’ experience was used for domain identification and its segregation for different variables. For validity of questionnaire, face validity and content validity was performed. Modification was done based on response from experts during non-quantitative face validity. % of overall agreement was 94.55 for question asked in face validity. While, Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index was calculated using the process mentioned by Lawshe and Lynn respectively. Initially 83 items were identified but based on validation 84 items were finalized after removal of three and addition of four questions. Deleted three items had Content Validity Ratio of 0.00, 0.67 and 0.67 and which were below accepted level of 0.99. While, I-CVI was observed from range of 0.83 to 1.00 and S-CVI values were above acceptable level of 0.90 for S-CVI (S-CVI/ Ave) and 0.80 for S-CVI (S-CVI/UA) for whole questionnaire and each part.

Oscillation between identities and Subjective psychological health objectives among an informed audience in therapeutic patient education

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10202
Author(s):  
Sandrine Roussel ◽  
Alain Deccache ◽  
Mariane Frenay
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Patient Education ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Health Objectives ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: The implementation of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) remains a challenge. An exploratory study highlighted two tendencies among practitioners of TPE, which could hamper this implementation: an oscillation between identities (as caregivers versus as educators) and an inclination towards subjective psychological health objectives. Objectives: To verify whether these tendencies can be observed among an informed audience in TPE. Next, to explore the variables associated with one or other of these tendencies. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey by a self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 90 French-speaking healthcare professionals. Statistical analyses (chi-square, logistic regression) were then conducted. Results: Sixty percent of respondents displayed identity oscillation, which was found to be linked to task oscillation, patient curability, scepticism towards medicine and practising in France. Fifty-six percent pursued subjective psychological health objectives, which was found to be associated with health behaviour objectives and a locus of power in the healthcare relationship distinct from those seen in the pre-existing health models (biomedical, global). This tendency seems to constitute an alternative model of TPE. Discussion & conclusion: Identity oscillation and subjective psychological health objectives can be both observed. This study stresses the need to deliberate on the form(s) of TPE that is/are desired.

scholarly journals Assessing Knowledge and Perception Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance in University Students of Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Nisa Yousaf ◽  
Sana Haider ◽  
Pervisha Jalil ◽  
Muhammad Usman Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The irrational use of antimicrobials has enormously contributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally and especially in the developing world. To assess the knowledge and perception regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in university students enrolled in pharmacy, veterinary, and biology programs by using an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chi-square and Fisher exact tests (where applicable) were performed to assess the association of the demographics with the students’ knowledge and perception regarding AMR and AMS. A total of 496 students completed the questionnaire, among which, 85.7% of the participants were familiar with the term AMR and 79.4% of the participants correctly identified a poorly designed dosing regimen as a contributing factor towards AMR. The majority of participants (57.9%) were familiar with the term AMS and 86.5% were aware of the aim of AMS. The participants showed good knowledge regarding AMR and AMS, but to further improve student knowledge and perception of AMS and AMR, it is suggested that dedicated modules on antibiotic use and AMS should be incorporated into the curricula of these undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Can employment in a café change Clientele Attitude towards the staff when they are Persons with Mental Illness?

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402199006
Author(s):  
Sailaxmi - Gandhi ◽  
Sangeetha Jayaraman ◽  
Thanapal Sivakumar ◽  
Annie P John ◽  
Anoop Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Clientele’s attitude toward Persons with Mental Illness (PwMI) changes over a period of time. The aim of this study was to explore and understand how and whether perception about PwMI changes when they are seen working like persons without mental illness among those availing services of ROSes café at NIMHANS, Bengaluru. Methods: The descriptive research design was adopted with purposive sampling. Community Attitude toward Mentally Ill (CAMI) a self -administered questionnaire of was administered to measure the clientele attitude towards staff with mental illness in ROSes Café (Recovery Oriented Services). A total of 256 subjects availing services from the ROSes café recruited in the study. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U test was computed to see the association and differences on selected variables. Results: The present study results showed that subjects had a positive attitude seen in health care professionals in the domains of benevolence (BE) (28.68 ± 3.00) and community mental health ideology (CMHI) (31.53 ± 3.19), whereas non-health care professionals had showed negative attitude in the domain of authoritarianism (AU) (30.54 ± 3.42) and social restrictiveness (SR) (30.18 ± 3.05). Education, employment, marital, income, and working status were significantly associated with CAMI domains. Conclusion: PwMI also can work like people without mental illness when the opportunities are provided. The community needs to regard mental illness in the same manner as chronic physical illness diabetes mellitus and allow PwMI to live a life of dignity by creating and offering opportunities to earn livelihood which would help them recover with their illnesses.

The carmine dilemma: does the natural colourant preference outweigh nausea?

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 1915-1928
Author(s):  
Judith Müller-Maatsch ◽  
Johannes Jasny ◽  
Katharina Henn ◽  
Claudia Gras ◽  
Reinhold Carle
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
German Population ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broad Cross Section ◽  
First Time ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the consumers’ perception of natural and artificial food colourants. Furthermore, attitudes towards the application of carmine, being technically important and ubiquitously used to impart red shades, are assessed and analysed. Originating from insects, carmine is considered as natural but may arouse disgust. Design/methodology/approach In total, 625 individuals were surveyed using an online, self-administered questionnaire to represent a broad cross-section of the German population. Findings Independent of their origin, the application of colourants was rejected by 57.0 per cent of the interviewees. In total, 31.8 per cent of the participants stated a neutral attitude, while only 11.2 per cent expressed a positive notion. Most respondents preferred colourants from natural sources to artificial ones. While consumers perceive natural food colourants composed of genuine plant pigments positively, 61.6 per cent of respondents disliked the application of animal-derived colourants, 24.8 per cent of them did neither reject nor like it, and only 13.6 per cent of the interviewees stated a positive attitude towards them. The findings of this paper further indicate consumers’ preference for colourants to be either artificial or plant-derived rather than carmine. Food colourants are being rejected, possibly due to misleading information and confusing labelling. Consequently, information about carmine, including its origin and production, did not increase the aversion to products that are dyed with it, but increased their acceptance. Originality/value This study outlines consumer perception and attitudes towards food colourants. For the first time, the findings of this paper report the effect of revealing information about an additive, which initially aroused disgust, and its influence on consumer perception.

Regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase and production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by human dendritic cells

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 3314-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Fritsche ◽  
Krishna Mondal ◽  
Achim Ehrnsperger ◽  
Reinhard Andreesen ◽  
Marina Kreutz
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Constitutive Production ◽  
Human Dendritic Cells ◽  
First Time

Abstract25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase (25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase), the key enzyme of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) production, is expressed in monocyte-derived macrophages (MACs). Here we show for the first time constitutive expression of 25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), which was increased after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Accordingly, DCs showed low constitutive production of 1,25(OH)2D3, but activation by LPS increased 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis. In addition, 25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase expression was found in blood DCs but not in CD34+-derived DCs. Next we analyzed the functional consequences of these results. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations comparable with those produced by DCs inhibited the allostimulatory potential of DCs during the early phase of DC differentiation. However, terminal differentiation decreased the responsiveness of DCs to 1,25(OH)2D3. In conclusion, DCs are able to produce 1,25(OH)2D3 especially following stimulation with LPS. Terminal maturation renders DCs unresponsive to the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, but those cells are able to suppress the differentiation of their own precursor cells in a paracrine way through the production of 1,25(OH)2D3.

scholarly journals Histopathologic Differences between Jewish and Arab Population in Israel at First-Time Presentation with Bladder Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ofir Avitan ◽  
Zaher Bahouth ◽  
Sarel Halachmi ◽  
Sagi Shprits ◽  
Ismail Masarwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Aggressive Tumors ◽  
Arab Men ◽  
First Time

Background. Pathology of urothelial carcinoma may vary in different populations at diagnosis. Our aim was to evaluate the histopathologic differences between Jewish and Arab patients in Israel at first diagnosis of urothelial cancer. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively collected data of all patients with confirmed urothelial cancer, treated at our department between January 2010 and January 2015. We examined the distribution of the histopathologic data among the studied populations. To compare the categorical variables we used the Chi-Square Pearson test. Comparison of independent variables was made by Student’s t-test. P value below 0.05 was considered significant. Results. The study group included 413 patients, 345 Jews and 68 Arabs. The major differences were that Arab patients were younger (62.61 versus 68.55 years, P=0.001), had more aggressive tumors that were detected at a more advanced stage, and had also a higher rate of metastatic disease (7.4% versus 3.2%, P=0.05). Nonurothelial cell tumors were 2.3 times more prevalent in Arab population. Unlike Jewish population, Arab women had higher rate of invasive/metastatic disease compared with Arab men (40% versus 22.4%). Conclusion. At time of diagnosis the tumors were more aggressive in Arab patients, especially in Arab women. The reasons for those differences constitute a target for a separate research. These results should have an impact on prevention medicine and education of physicians treating mixed populations.

scholarly journals Symptoms of Poststroke Depression among Stroke Survivors: An Appraisal of Psychiatry Needs and Care during Physiotherapy Rehabilitation

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Chidi Ibeneme ◽  
Canice Chukwudi Anyachukwu ◽  
Akachukwu Nwosu ◽  
Georgian Chiaka Ibeneme ◽  
Muideen Bakare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Poststroke Depression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Outpatient Unit ◽  
Psychiatry Review ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Age Range

Purpose. To identify stroke survivors with symptoms of poststroke depression and the extent of psychiatry needs and care they have received while on physiotherapy rehabilitation.Participants. Fifty stroke survivors (22 females and 28 males) at the outpatient unit of Physiotherapy Department, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, who gave their informed consent, were randomly selected. Their age range and mean age were 26–66 years and54.76±8.79years, respectively.Method. A multiple case study of 50 stroke survivors for symptoms of poststroke depression was done with Beck’s Depression Inventory, mini mental status examination tool, and Modified Motor Assessment Scale. The tests were performed independently by the participants except otherwise stated and scored on a scale of 0–6. Data were analyzed usingZ-test for proportional significance and chi-square test for determining relationship between variables, atp<0.05.Results. Twenty-one (42.0%) stroke survivors had symptoms of PSD, which was significantly dependent on duration of stroke (χ2= 21.680, df = 6, andp=0.001), yet none of the participants had a psychiatry review.Conclusions. Symptoms of PSD may be common in cold compared to new cases of stroke and may need psychiatry care while on physiotherapy rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Maximum Voluntary Molar and Incisor Biting Force and Morphological Variables in Subjects With Different Vertical Skeletal Patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110448
Author(s):  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Pradeep Tandon ◽  
Dipti Shastri
Keyword(s):  
Chi Square ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Facial Pattern ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male Subjects

Objective: To estimate the maximum voluntary molar biting force (MBF) and incisor biting force (IBF) and their relationship to morphological variables in subjects with different vertical skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: Maximum voluntary MBF, IBF, and morphological variables were recorded in 120 subjects (60 males and 60 females) with skeletal class I pattern in the age range of 14 to 24 years. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: Normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent, according to the maxillomandibular plane angle and Jarabak ratio. Bite force measurements were undertaken using a custom-made portable digital gnathodynamometer on the left and the right sides of the jaw in the molar and incisor regions during maximal clenching. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test, chi-square test, and ANOVA test using SPSS version 22.0.0.0 software. Results: MBF and IBF are influenced by gender with higher values obtained for male subjects in all groups in the following order: hypodivergent > normodivergent > hyperdivergent. No significant changes were seen with morphological variables in different groups. Conclusion: Molar and incisor biting forces are highest in hypodivergent subjects and least in hyperdivergent subjects as a reflection of jaw morphology and muscular efficiency. In all groups, males exhibit higher force values than females, underlining a strong gender influence on biting force and facial pattern.

scholarly journals A proximal-to-distal survey of healthy adult human small intestine and colon epithelium by single-cell transcriptomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Burclaff ◽  
R. Jarrett Bliton ◽  
Keith A Breau ◽  
Meryem T Ok ◽  
Ismael Gomez-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cell Junction ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Human Intestinal Epithelium

Background and Aims: Single-cell transcriptomics offer unprecedented resolution of tissue function at the cellular level, yet studies in healthy adult human small intestine and colon are sparse. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomics from 3 humans covering the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending, transverse, and descending colon. Methods: 12,590 single epithelial cells from three independently processed organ donors were evaluated for organ-specific lineage biomarkers, differentially regulated genes, receptors, and drug targets. Analyses focused on intrinsic cell properties and capacity for response to extrinsic signals along the gut axis across different humans. Results: Cells were assigned to 25 epithelial lineage clusters. Human intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are not specifically marked by many murine ISC markers. Lysozyme expression is not unique to Paneth cells (PCs), and PCs lack expression of expected niche-factors. BEST4 cells express NPY and show functional and maturational differences between SI and colon. Tuft cells possess a broad ability to interact with the innate and adaptive immune systems through previously unreported receptors. Some classes of mucins, hormones, cell-junction, and nutrient absorption genes show unappreciated regional expression differences across lineages. Differential expression of receptors and drug targets across lineages reveals biological variation and potential for variegated responses. Conclusions: Our study identifies novel lineage marker genes; covers regional differences; shows important differences between mouse and human gut epithelium; and reveals insight into how the epithelium responds to the environment and drugs. This comprehensive cell atlas of the healthy adult human intestinal epithelium resolves data gaps in anatomical regions along the gastrointestinal tract and advances our understanding of human intestinal physiology.

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