Sugarbeet And Rotational Crop Tolerance From Ethofumesate 4SC Applied Postemergence

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1 & 2) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Alexa L. Lystad ◽  
Thomas J. Peters ◽  
Christy L. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Rotational Crop

Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Response to PPI Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Rotational Crop

Field studies were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to evaluate soybean and rotational crop tolerance to PPI applications of chlorimuron (23 to 140 g ai/ha), clomazone (560 to 3360 g/ha), imazaquin (70 to 420 g/ha), and imazethapyr (53 to 310 g/ha). Soybean injury was evident only in 1989. Soybean height reduction 45 d after application increased linearly with increasing rates of chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. Chlorimuron at 140 g/ha and imazaquin at 420 g/ha reduced soybean height 120 d after planting. None of the herbicides influenced soybean density. Chlorimuron and imazaquin reduced soybean seed yield linearly as rates increased. None of the herbicides reduced subsequent wheat yield. Corn height reduction increased as the rate of imazaquin and imazethapyr increased. Imazethapyr and imazaquin caused 2 to 40% and 1 to 12% height reduction at 30 d after planting, respectively. Imazethapyr at 310 g/ha applied the previous year reduced corn height at 120 d after planting. There were no differences in corn density. Imazaquin and imazethapyr at 420 and 310 g/ha, respectively, applied the previous year reduced corn yield.

Potential Benefit and Risk of Fluridone as a Fall Germination Stimulant in Western Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Germination Stimulant ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Benefit And Risk

Herbicide resistance has increased the need for novel weed control strategies. Fluridone has herbicidal as well as potential germination stimulant activity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate fluridone as a fall-applied germination stimulant for weed control and to assess rotational crop tolerance. Fall-applied fluridone was compared with a nontreated control in areas established with false cleavers, volunteer canola, and wild oat at Lacombe, AB, in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016, and at St Albert, AB, in 2015–2016. In the fall, there was a trend for weed densities to be higher in fluridone treatments than in untreated controls across site-years. The stimulatory effect of fluridone on weed germination was not statistically significant in fall assessments, while the weed control effect was significant in 33% of spring assessments. While fluridone reduced weed biomass for some site-years, it also reduced canola crop emergence and biomass at St Albert in 2015–2016, and caused injury symptoms on wheat and field pea. Risk of carryover to subsequent crops outweighed the benefits of using fluridone in the fall to stimulate weed germination in this study.

Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Tolerance to Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Ellery L. Knake
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Rotational Crop

Tolerances of soybean and rotational crops wheat and corn to chlorimuron (0.02 to 0.14 kg ai ha–1), clomazone (0.56 to 3.36 kg ha–1), imazaquin (0.07 to 0.42 kg ha–1) and imazethapyr (0.05 to 0.31 kg ha–1) were evaluated in field studies. No visible soybean injury was observed. No reduction in soybean population, height, or yield occurred from the use of these herbicides, in 1986 or 1987. Differences in wheat yields among treatments were not significant in 1987 or 1988. Corn population, number of ears, ear weight, or yield were not different.

Formation of crop rotation as a means of preventing degradation аnd improving soil fertility of the Carpathian region

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O.J. Kachmar ◽  
O.V. Vavrynovych ◽  
O.L. Dubytsky ◽  
A.O. Dubytska ◽  
M.M. Shcherba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Rotational Crop

Scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of zonal ecologically safe crop rotations as a basic subsystem of farming in the formation of high, stable productivity of agricultural crops are substantiated, while ensuring the reproduction of soil fertility, increasing the efficiency of fertilizer systems and environmental protection. Various rotational crop rotations for introduction in the conditions of the Carpathian region in farms of different specialization and intensity of production are proposed.

scholarly journals Jasmonates and Plant Salt Stress: Molecular Players, Physiological Effects, and Improving Tolerance by Using Genome-Associated Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3082
Author(s):  
Celia Delgado ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Jen-Tsung Chen ◽  
Carlos R. Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Ja Signaling

Soil salinity is one of the most limiting stresses for crop productivity and quality worldwide. In this sense, jasmonates (JAs) have emerged as phytohormones that play essential roles in mediating plant response to abiotic stresses, including salt stress. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms underlying the activation and response of the JA-biosynthesis and JA-signaling pathways under saline conditions in Arabidopsis and several crops. In this sense, molecular components of JA-signaling such as MYC2 transcription factor and JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors are key players for the JA-associated response. Moreover, we review the antagonist and synergistic effects between JA and other hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA). From an applied point of view, several reports have shown that exogenous JA applications increase the antioxidant response in plants to alleviate salt stress. Finally, we discuss the latest advances in genomic techniques for the improvement of crop tolerance to salt stress with a focus on jasmonates.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Vesicle Trafficking Gene, OsRab7, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojue Peng ◽  
Xia Ding ◽  
Tianfang Chang ◽  
Zhoulong Wang ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Vesicle Trafficking ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Vacuolar Trafficking ◽  
Main Factor

High soils salinity is a main factor affecting agricultural production. Studying the function of salt-tolerance-related genes is essential to enhance crop tolerance to stress.Rab7is a small GTP-binding protein that is distributed widely among eukaryotes. Endocytic trafficking mediated byRab7plays an important role in animal and yeast cells, but the current understanding ofRab7in plants is still very limited. Herein, we isolated a vesicle trafficking gene,OsRab7, from rice. Transgenic rice over-expressingOsRab7exhibited enhanced seedling growth and increased proline content under salt-treated conditions. Moreover, an increased number of vesicles was observed in the root tip ofOsRab7transgenic rice. TheOsRab7over-expression plants showed enhanced tolerance to salt stress, suggesting that vacuolar trafficking is important for salt tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Mining Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) Family Genes in Cleistogenes songorica, a Xerophyte Perennial Desert Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Muvunyi ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Xueyang Min ◽  
Zhuan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Lea Genes ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Late Embryogenesis ◽  
Potential Applications

Plant growth and development depends on its ability to maintain optimal cellular homeostasis during abiotic and biotic stresses. Cleistogenes songorica, a xerophyte desert plant, is known to have novel drought stress adaptation strategies and contains rich pools of stress tolerance genes. Proteins encoded by Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) family genes promote cellular activities by functioning as disordered molecules, or by limiting collisions between enzymes during stresses. To date, functions of the LEA family genes have been heavily investigated in many plant species except perennial monocotyledonous species. In this study, 44 putative LEA genes were identified in the C. songorica genome and were grouped into eight subfamilies, based on their conserved protein domains and domain organizations. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that C. songorica Dehydrin and LEA_2 subfamily proteins shared high sequence homology with stress responsive Dehydrin proteins from Arabidopsis. Additionally, promoter regions of CsLEA_2 or CsDehydrin subfamily genes were rich in G-box, drought responsive (MBS), and/or Abscisic acid responsive (ABRE) cis-regulatory elements. In addition, gene expression analyses indicated that genes from these two subfamilies were highly responsive to heat stress and ABA treatment, in both leaves and roots. In summary, the results from this study provided a comprehensive view of C. songorica LEA genes and the potential applications of these genes for the improvement of crop tolerance to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals The Applications of Nanotechnology in Crop Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7070
Author(s):  
Chenxu Liu ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Jie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

With the frequent occurrence of extreme climate, global agriculture is confronted with unprecedented challenges, including increased food demand and a decline in crop production. Nanotechnology is a promising way to boost crop production, enhance crop tolerance and decrease the environmental pollution. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding innovative nanotechnology in crop production, which could help us respond to agricultural challenges. Nanotechnology, which involves the use of nanomaterials as carriers, has a number of diverse applications in plant growth and crop production, including in nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanosensors and nanobiotechnology. The unique structures of nanomaterials such as high specific surface area, centralized distribution size and excellent biocompatibility facilitate the efficacy and stability of agro-chemicals. Besides, using appropriate nanomaterials in plant growth stages or stress conditions effectively promote plant growth and increase tolerance to stresses. Moreover, emerging nanotools and nanobiotechnology provide a new platform to monitor and modify crops at the molecular level.

scholarly journals Bax Inhibitor 1 (BI-1) as a conservative regulator of Programmed Cell Death

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 681-702
Author(s):  
Mirosław Godlewski ◽  
Agnieszka Kobylińska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Antiapoptotic Proteins ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Suicidal Death

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a physiological process in which infected or unnecessary cells due to their suicidal death capability can be selectively eliminated. Pro- and antiapoptotic proteins play an important role in the induction or inhibition of this process. Presented article shows property of Bax-1 (BI-1) inhibitor which is one of the conservative protein associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as its cytoprotective role in the regulation of cellular processes. It was shown that: 1) BI-1 is a small protein consisting of 237 amino acids (human protein - 36 kDa) and has 6 (in animals) and 7 (in plants) α-helical transmembrane domains, 2) BI-1 is expressed in all organisms and in most tissues, moreover its level depends on the functional condition of cells and it is involved in the development or reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, 3) BI-1 forms a pH-dependent Ca2+ channel enabling release of these ions from the ER, 4) cytoprotective effects of BI-1 requires a whole, unchanged C-terminus, 5) BI-1 can interact directly with numerous other proteins, BI-1 protein affects numerous cellular processes, including: counteracting ER stress, oxidative stress, loss of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis as well as this protein influences on sphingolipid metabolism, autophagy, actin polymerization, lysosomal activity and cell proliferation. Studies of BI-1 functions will allow understanding the mechanisms of anticancer therapy or increases the knowledge of crop tolerance to environmental stresses.

Weed Management with Glyphosate- and Glufosinate-Based Systems in PHY 485 WRF Cotton

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared R. Whitaker ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
The North ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Cotton Belt

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has become a serious pest in parts of the Cotton Belt. Some GR cotton cultivars also contain the WideStrike™ insect resistance trait, which confers tolerance to glufosinate. Use of glufosinate-based management systems in such cultivars could be an option for managing GR Palmer amaranth. The objective of this study was to evaluate crop tolerance and weed control with glyphosate-based and glufosinate-based systems in PHY 485 WRF cotton. The North Carolina field experiment compared glyphosate and glufosinate alone and in mixtures applied twice before four- to six-leaf cotton. Additional treatments included glyphosate and glufosinate mixed withS-metolachlor or pyrithiobac applied to one- to two-leaf cotton followed by glyphosate or glufosinate alone on four- to six-leaf cotton. All treatments received a residual lay-by application. Excellent weed control was observed from all treatments on most weed species. Glyphosate was more effective than glufosinate on glyphosate-susceptible (GS) Palmer amaranth and annual grasses, while glufosinate was more effective on GR Palmer amaranth. Annual grass and GS Palmer amaranth control by glyphosate plus glufosinate was often less than control by glyphosate alone but similar to or greater than control by glufosinate alone, while mixtures were more effective than either herbicide alone on GR Palmer amaranth. Glufosinate caused minor and transient injury to the crop, but no differences in cotton yield or fiber quality were noted. This research demonstrates glufosinate can be applied early in the season to PHY 485 WRF cotton without concern for significant adverse effects on the crop. Although glufosinate is often less effective than glyphosate on GS Palmer amaranth, GR Palmer amaranth can be controlled with well-timed applications of glufosinate. Use of glufosinate in cultivars with the WideStrike trait could fill a significant void in current weed management programs for GR Palmer amaranth in cotton.

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