Evaluation of the anti-diabetic activities of crude extracts of Annona muricata and Rutidea parviflora in alloxan-diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
OR Johnson-Ajinwo ◽  
◽  
Kuebari Penuel Berebari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Activity Maximum ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a malignant disease that has impacted the globe in astronomical proportions. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major condition suffered by patients with DM. Currently, the cost of managing DM is highly exorbitant and poses a significant obstacle to many living with the disease in developing countries. Thus, the need for affordable alternatives with optimum potency and minimal side effects is justified. Historically, Annona muricata is one plant that is used in the treatment of DM and a host of other ailments. Rutidea parviflora has been used in combination with other plants in the treatment of DM by some ethnic groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic activities of these plants. Method: The anti-diabetic activities of aqueous and organic extracts of Annona muricata (leaves), and Rutidea parviflora (root bark) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, were screened for their anti-diabetic activities in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats (150-200 g) at 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, and the 12th hour. DMSO (0.3 ml of 33.3% v/v stock) and Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg were administered to the control and reference groups respectively. Result: Organic extracts of A. muricata at 400 mg/kg significantly decreased FBGL in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups by 65.9% and 62.1% respectively (P<0.05). R. parviflora leaves extracts showed less activity. However, it had relatively short acting activity (maximum activity at the 4th hour). In each case, the organic extracts performed better than the aqueous extracts. Conclusion: A. muricata has potentials for the treatment of DM, and merits further research to support the plant’s therapeutic application. R. parviflora may offer some beneficial effect, and possibly boost the potency of A. muricata by synergistic activity when co-administered.

scholarly journals Telecom Churn Prediction System Based on Ensemble Learning Using Feature Grouping

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4742
Author(s):  
Tianpei Xu ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Kangchul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Churn Prediction ◽  
Customer Churn ◽  
Feature Grouping ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

In recent years, the telecom market has been very competitive. The cost of retaining existing telecom customers is lower than attracting new customers. It is necessary for a telecom company to understand customer churn through customer relationship management (CRM). Therefore, CRM analyzers are required to predict which customers will churn. This study proposes a customer-churn prediction system that uses an ensemble-learning technique consisting of stacking models and soft voting. Xgboost, Logistic regression, Decision tree, and Naïve Bayes machine-learning algorithms are selected to build a stacking model with two levels, and the three outputs of the second level are used for soft voting. Feature construction of the churn dataset includes equidistant grouping of customer behavior features to expand the space of features and discover latent information from the churn dataset. The original and new churn datasets are analyzed in the stacking ensemble model with four evaluation metrics. The experimental results show that the proposed customer churn predictions have accuracies of 96.12% and 98.09% for the original and new churn datasets, respectively. These results are better than state-of-the-art churn recognition systems.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Combination Therapy of Sitagliptin and β-carotene Drugs on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Pulye Roy ◽  
Monirul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Saiful Islam ◽  
Mamunur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Serum Glutamate ◽  
Β Carotene

Diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by chronic hyperglycemia is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. A significant component of the risk associated with DM is thought to be because of its abnormal lipid ‘triad’ profile. All the associated complications are mainly due to imbalance between generation of free radicals and the antioxidant systems like catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Moreover, increased level of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) are considered a consequence of hepatocyte damage. The current study was designed to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects, oxidative stress and liver dysfunction indices of fixed dose combination therapy of sitagliptin [50 mg/70kg body weight (BW)] and β-carotene (5 mg/70kg BW) on streptozotocin (45 mg/kg BW) induced diabetic rats (SIDRs). The study showed that combination therapy induced a significant decrease in blood glucose level (BGL) from 19.09 ± 0.13 to 6.86 ± 0.11 mmol/l in comparison to the control group after daily treatment for three weeks. In case of dyslipidimic effect, combination therapy reduced total cholesterol (TC) (22.96%), triglycerides (TG) (17.54%) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (52.25%) levels significantly and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level (55.98%) in comparison with respective diabetic control groups. We also observed that combination therapy lowered SGPT & SGOT level by 46.39% and 37.23%, respectively and increased SOD & CAT enzyme activity by 63.79% and 48.32%, respectively in comparison with diabetic control groups. These changes were significantly better than those of sitagliptin and β-carotene monotherapy. The suggestions of our findings of this research are that combination therapy is more potent than their individual monotherapy and may be beneficial for the treatment of diabetic patients with associated complications. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(2): 87-95, 2020

The Race for Online Reputation: Implications for Platforms, Firms, and Consumers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwen Yang ◽  
Zhiqiang (Eric) Zheng ◽  
Vijay Mookerjee
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Online Reputation ◽  
Better Than

Online reputation has become a key marketing-mix variable in the digital economy. Our study helps managers decide on the effort they should use to manage online reputation. We consider an online reputation race in which it is important not just to manage the absolute reputation, but also the relative rating. That is, to stay ahead, a firm should try to have ratings that are better than those of its competitors. Our findings are particularly significant for platform owners (such as Expedia or Yelp) to strategically grow their base of participating firms: growing the middle of the market (firms with average ratings) is the best option considering the goals of the platform and the other stakeholders, namely incumbents and consumers. For firms, we find that they should increase their effort when the mean market rating increases. Another key insight for firms is that, sometimes, adversity can come disguised as an opportunity. When an adverse event strikes the industry (such as a reduction in sales margin or an increase in the cost of effort), a firm’s profit can increase if it can manage this event better than its competitors.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Annona muricata Stem Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214
Author(s):  
Shivani Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Stem Extract

Abstract: Nanotechnology is a rising field of science and technology that deals with the particles having size in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Copper oxide nanoparticles has many properties like antifungal activity, antibacterial activity, optical properties, conductive properties, etc. Due to its demand of diversified use, copper oxide nanoparticles were fabricated using ecofriendly and non-toxic Annona muricata stem extract. The extract with copper sulphate pentahydrate showed gradual change in the colour of the extract from brown to green which indicates the CuO nanoparticles synthesis. The fabrication is followed by characterization of CuO nanoparticles using UV-vis spectroscope, FTIR, XRD and SEM. The characterization showed roughly spherical shaped nanoparticles in the range of 100nm with high crystalline monoclinic phase. FTIR absorption spectra conclude that the compounds attached with copper oxide nanoparticles could be polyphenols with aromatic ring. The CuO nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity; it showed the maximum activity against E.coli (18 mm). Keywords: Annona muricata, copper sulphate pentahydrate, FTIR, nanomaterials, SEM, XRD.

Hypoglycemic effect of Egyptian Morus alba root bark extract: Effect on diabetes and lipid peroxidation of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Nasser B. Singab ◽  
Hesham A. El-Beshbishy ◽  
Makiko Yonekawa ◽  
Taro Nomura ◽  
Toshio Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark

What money can’t buy: an argument against paying people to get vaccinated

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107235
Author(s):  
Nancy S Jecker
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Communities ◽  
Good Citizenship ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

This paper considers the proposal to pay people to get vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first section introduces arguments against the proposal, including less intrusive alternatives, unequal effects on populations and economic conditions that render payment more difficult to refuse. The second section considers arguments favouring payment, including arguments appealing to health equity, consistency, being worth the cost, respect for autonomy, good citizenship, the ends justifying the means and the threat of mutant strains. The third section spotlights long-term and short-term best practices that can build trust and reduce ‘vaccine hesitancy’ better than payment. The paper concludes that people who, for a variety of reasons, are reluctant to vaccinate should be treated like adults, not children. Despite the urgency of getting shots into arms, we should set our sights on the long-term goals of strong relationships and healthy communities.

scholarly journals Laundry Detergent Compatibility of Papain Like Protease Purified From Piper Betel Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
A Mousami Shankar ◽  
Dr G.V.D. Sirisha ◽  
Dr K. Vijaya Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Detergent Compatibility ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Better Than

Enzymes have wide applications in detergent industry from early 1900’s. Mostly, clothes are soiled by protein based grime. Most of the detergents have either amylase / protease. Various sources were scrutinized for potent protease activity and Betel leaves were selected, the enzyme was then isolated, purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Cellulose and gel permeation chromatographic techniques. The enzyme was monomeric in nature with a molecular mass of 38kDa as determined by native PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The enzyme shows maximum activity at 60oC and pH 4.0. The Km and Vmax of the enzyme were 4x10-3M and 54µmol/min/mg respectively. The enzyme was categorically inhibited by PCMB and iodo-acetamide suggesting it to have papain like nature. The stability of the enzyme is assessed over the stretch of alkaline pH and temperature. This evaluation validates the stability of the enzyme and its use in detergent formulations. It was evident that after adding the enzyme preparation the stains (tea, chocolate, blood) were removed much better than that of the controls, which affirms that papain like enzyme from betel leaves, enhances detergent activity.  

scholarly journals Mobile Learning System for Egyptian Higher Education Using Agile-Based Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menna Elkhateeb ◽  
Abdulaziz Shehab ◽  
Hazem El-bakry
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Learning System ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Course Materials ◽  
Smart Mobile ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mobile Learning System ◽  
Better Than

Nowadays, due to easiness and expansion in property of smart mobile devices, it is becoming inevitable for mobile applications to have an important role in higher education systems. The Egyptian public universities are facing the problem of students’ large number enrolled in each year. Thus, we lack proper communication between educators and learners. Mobile learning can solve that problem, and it enables adjustment of the curriculum to meet students' learning time and life situations. It provides different solutions better than traditional educational methods. Students and professors could exchange educational material or information even if they are not in the same class. Furthermore, the cost of universities’ materials reduced, as all course materials can be found online through mobile applications. This paper proposes a mobile learning system named “Easy-Edu.” The proposed system intended to make the learning process easier, focus on students’ needs, and encourage communication and collaboration between students and professors and supports collaborative scenario-based learning for university students. Unlike other traditional systems, the proposed “Easy-Edu” was built using an Agile-based approach that delivers sustainable and high-quality mobile learning system. In addition, it eliminates the chances of absolute system failure and detects and fixes issues faster. Summarily, everything related to the design and implementation of “Easy-Edu” is discussed.

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