scholarly journals Self-inflicted injuries among adolescents: Prevalence and associated factors, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Aquichan ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mayara Alves Luis ◽  
Nataly Adriana Jiménez Monroy ◽  
Luciana Graziela de Godoi ◽  
Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite

Objective: To identify the prevalence of notified self-inflicted injuries among adolescents in Espírito Santo and to analyze the associated factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study, with the notified data of self-inflicted violence among adolescents in Espírito Santo registered in the Notifiable Diseases Information System from 2011 to 2018. The bivariate analyses considered the Chi-square (χ²) and Fisher’s Exact tests. The multivariate analysis considered the log-binomial model, and the adjustment results were presented as prevalence ratio. Results: The prevalence of notified self-inflicted injuries was 33 % and, of this total, 79.8 % occurred among female adolescents. Prevalence was higher among adolescents aged from 13 to 17 years old (female gender) and from 18 to 19 years old (male gender), as well as among those with some disability or disorder. Higher prevalence values were found in the residence and in collective housing, as well as among those who did not consume alcohol at the event in question. In the female gender, there was also an association with the urban area (p < 0.05). Conclusions: High prevalence of notified self-inflicted injuries is perceived among adolescents in Espírito Santo, as well as of the factors associated to this phenomenon. The importance of adopting promotion, prevention and recovery measures for the problem is verified.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Alves Luis ◽  
Franciele Marabotti Costa Leite ◽  
Nataly Jímenez Monróy ◽  
Luciana Graziela de Godoi ◽  
Nicole Letourneau

Abstract Background: sexual violence against adolescents is a highly prevalent problem with profound impacts throughout life, and most often perpetrators are relatives and acquaintances of the victims. In Brazil, sexual violence is a problem that must be reported in all health services and the data collected must be registered in the Information System for Reporting Diseases (SINAN - Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação). This study aimed to describe the frequency of reported cases of sexual violence against adolescents and to analyze their associated factors. Method: a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with reported data on sexual violence against adolescents in the state of Espírito Santo registered in SINAN between 2011 and 2018. Variables to characterize the victim, aggression and perpetrator were used. Bivariate analyzes were performed using Chi-Square (χ²) and Fisher’s exact tests. Multivariate analysis considered the log-binomial model and adjustment results were presented in Prevalence Ratio. All analyzes were stratified by sex. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Federal University of Espirito Santo, under Opinion 2,819,597. Results: among the full-filled forms in the variables analyzed in the study, the frequency of sexual violence was 32.6% and 93% of victims were female. The occurrence of injury reporting was associated in both sexes with adolescents aged between 10 and 12 years, the place of occurrence being the home, the relationship with the victim, and the recurrence of violence. In females, the outcome was also associated with number of perpetrators, and in males, with perpetrator’s age. Conclusion: through this study, prevalence and factors associated with reporting sexual violence in Espírito Santo were observed. The importance of information systems for disseminating data and the need for measures to prevent and treat the disease among adolescents is verified. PORTUGUESE ABSTRACTIntrodução: a violência sexual contra adolescentes é um agravo de alta prevalência e de profundos impactos ao longo da vida, sendo os agressores em sua maior parte são familiares e conhecidos das vítimas. No Brasil, a violência sexual é um agravo de notificação compulsória em todos os serviços de saúde e os dados coletados devem ser registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a frequência dos casos de violência sexual notificados contra adolescentes e analisar os seus fatores associados. Método: estudo analítico do tipo transversal realizado com os dados notificados de violência sexual contra adolescentes no Espírito Santo registrados no SINAN entre 2011 e 2018. Foram utilizadas as variáveis de caracterização da vítima, da agressão e do agressor. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas por meio do teste Qui-Quadrado (χ²) e exato de Fisher. A análise multivariada considerou o modelo log-binomial e os resultados do ajuste foram apresentados em Razão de Prevalência. Todas as análises foram estratificadas por sexo. Resultados: entre as fichas de preenchimento completo nas variáveis analisadas no estudo, a frequência de violência sexual foi 32,6%, sendo que 93% das vítimas eram do sexo feminino. A ocorrência da notificação do agravo esteve associada em ambos os sexos a adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 12 anos, ao local de ocorrência ser a residência, à variável vínculo com a vítima, e à reincidência da violência. No sexo feminino o desfecho também se manteve associado à variável quantidade de agressores e no sexo masculino à variável idade do agressor. Através desse estudo, foi observado a prevalência e os fatores associados à notificação de violência sexual em um estado do Espírito Santo.Conclusão: constata-se a importância dos sistemas de informação para a disseminação de dados e a necessidade de medidas de prevenção e tratamento do agravo entre os adolescentes.


2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 0201-0208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Cortez Colósimo ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves de Sousa ◽  
Gilmara Silveira da Silva ◽  
Raquel Ferrari Piotto ◽  
Angela Maria Geraldo Pierin

OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of arterial hypertension and associated factors in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization. METHOD Cross-sectional study using the database of a hospital in São Paulo (SP, Brazil) containing 3010 patients with coronary artery disease submitted to myocardial revascularization. A multiple logistic regression was performed to identify variables independently associated with hypertension (statistical significance: p<0.05). RESULTS Prevalence of hypertension was 82.8%. After the variables were adjusted, the associated factors were as follows: age, odds ratio (OR): OR=1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): CI:1.00-1.02; female gender: (OR=1.77;CI:1.39-2.25); brown-skin race: (OR=1.53;CI:1.07-2.19); obesity: (OR=1.53;CI:1.13-2.06); diabetes: (OR=1.90;CI:1.52-2.39); dyslipidemia: (OR=1.51;CI:1.23-1.85); and creatinine>1.3: (OR=1.37;CI:1.09-1.72). CONCLUSION A high prevalence of arterial hypertension and association with both non-modifiable and modifiable factors was observed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo Câmara de Almeida ◽  
Yuri Vieira Almeida ◽  
Dirlei Molinari Donatele ◽  
Renata Cogo Clipes ◽  
Graziela Barioni ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the seroprevalence and associated factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), and to analyze the possible relationship between IBR, BVD, and the occurrence of mastitis. For this purpose, 854 crossbred dairy cows were evaluated from 69 properties allocated in the 12 municipalities that make up the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The seroprevalence of IBR and BVD was determined using the indirect ELISA test. Associations between variables were estimated using the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval. The chi-square test was used to verify the significance of the associations (P < 0.05). The average prevalence of IBR and BVD was 48.59% and 26.46%, respectively. Animals seroreactive for IBR were more likely to develop subclinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 1.27), and cows that were seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop clinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 2.24). Mechanical milking was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.36) and BVD (P < 0.01; PR: 1.25). Reproductive management by natural breeding was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.22). Animals seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop reproductive problems (P < 0.01; PR: 1.34). It was concluded that the agents that cause IBR and BVD are widely disseminated in dairy cattle herds in the municipalities of the Caparaó region, ES, Brazil. The presence of IBR and BVD increased the chances of cows developing subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis, respectively, and the cows that were mechanically milked were more likely to be seroreactive for IBR and BVD.


Aim: High prevalence of child undernutrition is a well-known issue in rural areas of Si Lanka. Identification of real burden, underlying specific causes and addressing those issues will help to improve the nutritional status of those children. Objective: To describe the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among children aged one to five years in Siyambalanduwa MOH area. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 child-mother pairs in Siyambalanduwa MOH area using two stage cluster sampling method. Data collection done by using pre tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Relevant anthropometric measurements were done according to WHO slandered guidelines. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20. The chi-square test was used, and P<0.05 was considered for statistically significant. Results: Overall 41% of children aged 1-5 years were undernourished in Siyambalanduwa MOH area. Among the study subjects 24% were underweight, 25.7% were stunted, 16.4% were wasted, 9.2% were both underweight & stunted, 6.8% were both, underweight & wasted, 0.5% were both stunted & wasted and 9.9% were underweight & stunted g & wasted. Only the low total monthly income (P<0.001) and low birth weight (P<0.001) were significantly associated with child undernutrition. Conclusions and recommendations: Prevalence of undernutrition among children aged 1-5 years is unacceptably high and urgent efforts to reduce undernutrition should be a priority. Future studies should focus on assessing how to reduce the burden of undernutrition with low cost interventions.


2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Roberto Augusto Noro ◽  
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli ◽  
Francisco Ivan Rodrigues Mendes Júnior ◽  
Kenio Costa de Lima ◽  
Ana Karine Macedo Teixeira

The scope of this study was to correlate toothache with social and economic conditions, access to oral health facilities and the lifestyle of adolescents in Sobral in the state of Ceará. It was conducted as a cross-sectional analytical study with a sample composed of 688 adolescents. The prevalence of toothache in the study group was 31.8%. A chi-square test of association was performed to measure the relationship between independent variables and toothache, estimating the prevalence ratio by Poisson regression. The factors that demonstrated the closest relationship with toothache were cavity severity, the reason for dental treatment being related to urgency, frequency of dental appointments and the distribution of toothbrushes at school. It was observed that the high prevalence of dental pain in adolescents is directly linked to the access conditions, as well as the characteristics of the actions developed by the health services. Just as there is a need for the deployment of services related to health promotion, based on equity and integration, it is necessary to introduce emergency services to intervene not just to curtail crippling pain, but also as a mechanism to stimulate the development of procedures for the prevention of oral diseases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssyca Fernanda Pereira Brito ◽  
Aline Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Luana Silva de Sousa ◽  
Erlane Brito da Silva ◽  
Elyrose Sousa Brito Rocha ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate sensorimotor alterations in the extremities of the lower limbs and associated factors in Diabetes Mellitus patients. Method: this was a cross-sectional and analytical study, conducted in a Basic Health Unit, in Teresina (Brazil) with a sample of 102 participants between April and July 2018, by means of a semi-structured form. For the statistical analyses, the Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed. Results: among the study participants, 99 (97.1%) presented alterations, 73 (71.6%) on the skin and 40 (39.2%) on nails. The sensorimotor examination identified 40 (39.22%) individuals with tactile sensitivity alterations and 13 (12.7%) with reduced vibratory sensitivity, using the 128 Hz tuning fork. The factors associated with sensorimotor alterations detected by the 10 gram monofilament were the following: time of disease over ten years; absence of periodic foot evaluation (p=0.003); impaired visual acuity (p=0.001); presence of pain or discomfort (p=0.003); pain worsening at night (p=0.008); moderate pain intensity (p=0.012) and relief at rest (p=0.015). Conclusion: sensory alterations in the lower limbs showed their relationship with some of the research variables, such as time of disease, foot evaluation, glycemic value, presence of pain or discomfort (worsening and relief shifts, and intensity), skin coloring and vibratory sensitivity evaluation with a tuning fork.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.


2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Gullich ◽  
Andrews Barcellos Ramos ◽  
Tiago Rafael Anschau Zan ◽  
Cíntia Scherer ◽  
Raúl Andrés Mendoza-Sassi

Objective: To identify the prevalence of anxiety in adults hospitalized in the clinical ward of a university hospital and to analyze the possible associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed in a university hospital. All interviewees answered a specific questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 282 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of anxiety was 33.7% (95%CI 28.2 - 39.3). Characteristics associated with the outcome were female gender (RP 2.44), age ≥ 60 years (PR 0.65), consultation in primary health care (PR 2.37), estimated time of contact between patient and student > 30 min (RP 1.36), high blood pressure (PR 1.57), diabetes mellitus (PR 1.43), and obesity (RP 1.43). Conclusion: This study found prevalence of high anxiety. It may be associated with certain characteristics of the patients (gender, age, chronic diseases); the medical appointment in primary care and time (estimated by the patient) that the student remained with this patient. The need for a focused approach to mental health care within the hospital has been discussed for a long time. The particularity of this study refers to the environment of a university hospital and to what extent the environment and the patient's relationship with the student are associated with higher prevalence of anxiety.


BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e017966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizete A Araujo ◽  
Marcus T Silva ◽  
Tais F Galvao ◽  
Mauricio G Pereira

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of healthcare use and associated factors in the Manaus metropolitan region and to describe the reasons for lack of access.DesignCross-sectional population-based study.SettingA survey conducted between May and August of 2015 in eight cities from Manaus metropolitan region, Amazonas, Brazil.Participants4001 adults ≥18 years of age.Primary outcomes measuresPhysician visits, dentist visits and hospitalisations in the last 12 months were the primary outcomes. Associated factors were investigated through the calculation of prevalence ratio (PR) obtained by hierarchical Poisson regression modelling.Results4001 adults were included in the study, 53% of whom were women. The self-reported prevalence of medical visits was 77% (95% CI 75% to 77%); dentist visits, 36% (95% CI 34% to 37%) and hospital admission, 7% (95% CI 6% to 7%). Physician visits were higher in women PR=1.18 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.23), the elderly PR=1.18 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.26) and people with health insurance PR=1.14 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.19). Dentist visits declined with older age PR=0.38 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.49), lower education level PR=0.62 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.74) and lower economic class PR=0.65 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.75). Hospitalisations were found to be twice as frequent for women than for men and three times as frequent among those who reported very poor health status. Among the individuals who did not receive medical attention in the previous 2 weeks, 58% reported lack of facilities or appointment unavailable and 14% reported lack of doctors.ConclusionWhile more than half visited the doctor in the last year, a lower proportion of people with socioeconomic inequities visited the dentist. Organisational and service policies are needed to increase equity in health services in the region.


2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2217-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gustavo Bergmann ◽  
Mauren Lúcia de Araújo Bergmann ◽  
Alexandre Carriconde Marques ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors in adolescents, using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 1,455 adolescents (741 females). Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, perceptual, and behavioral variables. Physical activity was estimated with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Adolescents. Prevalence of physical inactivity was 68% (95%CI: 65.6%-70.4%). The following variables remained associated with physical inactivity in the adjusted analysis (p < 0.05): living in an apartment, female gender, older adolescents, lower self-rated physical activity compared to peers, low perception of maternal physical activity, passive commuting to school, non-participation in physical education at school, non-enjoyment of physical education classes, and limited involvement in other types of physical exercise besides physical education at school. There were a high proportion of inactive adolescents. Strategies to prevent physical inactivity in adolescents should be elaborated with a central role for the school and family.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document