scholarly journals Biomass, Efficiency of Nitrogen Conversion and Nitrogen Recovery in Millet Cultivars Under Nitrogen Fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Nelson Rafael da Silva ◽  
Paulo Vitor Divino Xavier de Freitas ◽  
Carlos De Melo e Silva Neto ◽  
Reginaldo Nassar Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Guimarães Oliveira ◽  
...  

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of green mass (GM), dry mass (DM), nitrogen contained (NC), bromatological composition, apparent nitrogen conversion efficiency (NCE), and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) of millet cultivars (ADR-500, ADR 7020 and LABH 70732) that received different doses of nitrogen (N) (0, 50, 100, 200 kg.ha-1). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4 factorial scheme (three cultivars and four N rates) with four replications. About biomass, only GM showed an interaction between N and millet cultivars. The DM production showed difference only between N doses. The NCE and ANR differed between N doses with decreasing mean values, due to the increase of nitrogen fertilization. The best conversion efficiency was 54.06 kg DM/kg N applied. The best rate of recovery of N occurred with the application of 50 kg N.ha-1. The values of NC varied in the fertilized plots. NCE and ANR differed between millet cultivars. The bromatological composition variables did not differ as a function of the N doses evaluated. In the conditions of the present study, nitrogen fertilization did not influence the production and bromatological composition of millet cultivars. The three cultivars present satisfactory characteristics for use in ruminant feed.

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Augusto Sandoval Contreras ◽  
Mario Sandoval Contreras ◽  
Renan Ribeiro Barzan ◽  
João Pedro Silvestre ◽  
Osmar Rodrigues Brito

The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic efficiency after the use of N fertilizers in upland rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse by using pots filled with surface-layer (0 to 20 cm) soil collected from the municipality of Jaguapitã, Paraná. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications. A factorial scheme of 5 × 2 was used, in which the factors were 5 N rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1 N) and 2 cultivars of rice (Fedearroz Lagunas [Colombian] and IAPAR- 9 [Brazilian]). The N sources tested were ammonium sulfate (Experiment I) and calcium nitrate (Experiment II). The following variables were evaluated: number of tillers per pot (NTP), dry mass of the shoots (DMS), N content in the dry mass (NCDM), and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (AEN). The data obtained in the experiments were evaluated using analysis of variance, and mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance for rice cultivar effects or adjusted to polynomial regression equations for N rates. Use of calcium nitrate yielded higher values of NTP, NCDM, and AEN. The cultivar Lagunas showed higher NTP, while IAPAR-9 showed higher DMS. An increase in N rates, for both sources, resulted in the increase of NTP, DMS, and NCDM; however, AEN was decreased.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-474
Author(s):  
Adrielle Rodrigues Prates ◽  
Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Matheus Vinícios Leal do Nascimento ◽  
João Victor Costa ◽  
Philippe Solano Toledo Silva ◽  
...  

Abstract DiscoveryTM bermudagrass has been used in ornamental and sporty low-traffic turfgrass, due to its intense green coloring and slow growth, as an alternative in the search to reduce maintenance costs, such as cutting and nitrogen fertilization. However, little is known about fertilization recommendations in winter seasons, especially nitrogen fertilization. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate different doses of N in the development of bermudagrass DiscoveryTM in winter. The experiment was carried out during the winter, in an area with DiscoveryTM lawn already implemented. The design was entirely causalized, with 5 doses of N (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 g N m-2) through the application of urea, with four repetitions, using 20% of the doses, according to crop requirement for winter, in a single application. The evaluated parameters were green color index (GCI), (Scout CM-1000 and Scout TCM 500), height, dry mass, traction and analysis by digital image of the lawn. It was observed that with the increase of N doses there was an increase in biometric assessments, however the analysis by digital image showed uneven results, and the traction of the lawn did not differ between treatments. Larger doses provided a better visual aspect of the lawn, but for the economic aspect, it is concluded that the use of 20% of the doses between 30 and 40 g N m-2, applied only once during the winter, is more recommended for the development of the DiscoveryTM bermudagrass.


2013 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid ◽  
Ron G.M. de Goede ◽  
Lijbert Brussaard ◽  
Egbert A. Lantinga

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto BF Branco ◽  
Sally F Blat ◽  
Tais GS Gimenes ◽  
Rodrigo HD Nowaki ◽  
Humberto S Araújo ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The production of horticultural crops in no-tillage and in rotation with cover crops reduces the dependency in nitrogen fertilizer, due to increased soil organic matter and by biological fixation performed by legumes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study rates of nitrogen fertilization and cover crops in the agronomic performance of tomato and broccoli grown under no-tillage. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with four replications. Treatments consisted of cover crops, sunn hemp and millet, and four rates of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha of nitrogen), for both the tomato and broccoli crops. All soil management was performed in no-tillage. For tomato crops we evaluated the plant growth, the nitrate concentration of sprouts and fruits and yield of commercial and non commercial fruits. For broccoli we evaluated plant growth and yield. There was an interaction effect between cover crop and nitrogen rates to tomato growth measured at 100 days after transplanting, for plant height, number of fruit bunches, dry mass of leaves and diameter of the stalk. The tomato commercial fruit number and yield showed maximum values with 137 and 134 kg/ha of N respectively, on the sunn hemp straw. The nitrate concentration of the tomato sprouts was linearly increasing with the increase of nitrogen rates, when grown on the millet straw. For broccoli production, the maximum fresh mass of commercial inflorescence was with 96 kg/ha of N, when grown on the millet straw.


2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽  
TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽  
EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽  
JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.


2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gazola ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Rudiney Ringenberg ◽  
José Perez da Graça ◽  
Clara Beatriz Hoffmann-Campo

The production of chemical substances is a strategy of plants to defend against the attack of pest insects. The synthesis of secondary compounds in plants is influenced by genotype and cultural management, such as the use of nitrogen fertilizers. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizer over time on the production of secondary compounds in two industrial cassava cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse (25 ± 5 °C) of Embrapa Soybean in Londrina, Paraná, with the cultivation of potted plants (4l) in a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with five replications. Two genotypes of industrial cassava (‘Baianinha’ and ‘Caiuá’) and four different nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1) were used, with sampling at 15, 30, and 45 d after fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization was performed 50 d after sprouting. In the apical leaves, the levels of rutin, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were evaluated in a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Exploratory analyses were performed on the data variables to verify the assumptions for analysis of variance (ANOVA), such as the independence and normality of errors, homogeneity of treatment variances and non-additivity of the model (they were submitted to analysis of homogeneity and normality, respectively. After these tests, ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ? 0.05) were performed. For the quantitative data concerning the N rates, regression study analyzes were performed. The Caiuá cultivar was found to have a higher ferulic acid content. The caffeic acid content decreased over time after the application of N in both cultivars. The rutin content in both cultivars did not increase with an increase in nitrogen dose. At a dose of 90 kg ha-1, both cultivars presented a lower p-coumaric acid content after 30 d.


Author(s):  
Everson Oliveira MACHADO ◽  
Everton Oliveira MACHADO ◽  
Alessandra de Lourdes BALLARIS ◽  
Marcelo Romero Ramos da SILVA

O mamoeiro é umas das plantas frutíferas mais comuns em quase todos os países da América Tropical. Um dos principais problemas na cadeia produtiva da cultura de mamão é obter bom manejo do material propagativo e garantir uniformidade e qualidade de estande, sendo para isso necessária a obtenção de mudas de qualidades fisiológicas e sanitárias adequadas.  A utilização de produtos alternativos vem demonstrando efeitos significativos no desenvolvimento radicular de várias plantas, o que beneficia a formação de um pomar de maneira rápida, homogênea, permitindo assim a antecipação da colheita e maior lucratividade ao produtor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do organomineral em diferentes doses na produção de mudas da cultura do mamoeiro da cultivar Sunrise Solo Line 72/12, em condições de ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido no viveiro de mudas do Centro Universitário de Santa Fé do Sul - UNIFUNEC, Campus II. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com seis tratamentos (0; 0,050; 0,100; 0,200; 0,300 e 0,400 kg tratamento de organomineral) e quatro repetições (6X4), utilizando 5 saquinhos por repetição, totalizando 120 saquinhos. Os dados biométricos analisados foram altura da planta (cm); comprimento da raiz (cm); diâmetro do caule (cm); massa úmida e seca da área foliar (g) e massa úmida e seca da raiz (g), aos 60 dias após plantio. Com base nos dados obtidos dos caracteres agronômicos analisados, conclui-se que o uso das doses 0,050; 0,100; 0,200 e 0,300 kg por tratamento de fertilizante organomineral promoveu a obtenção de mudas de mamoeiro com maior qualidade fisiológica que são imprescindíveis na formação de pomares comerciais.   REVIEW OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZERS FOR PAPAYA SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT   ABSTRACT The papaya tree is one of the most common fruit trees in almost all Tropical American countries. One of the main issues in the papaya cultivation production chain is obtaining good management of propagative material and provide uniformity and quality for sales quality assurance, being to this end necessary to obtain physiological and sanitary appropriate seedling. The use of alternative products has demonstrated significant effects on the root development of several plants, benefiting a fast, homogeneous formation of an orchard, resulting in the anticipation of the harvest and higher profitability for the farmers. This paper aims at reviewing the organic mineral in different doses to produce papaya tree seedling from cultivar Sunrise Solo Line 72/12, in environment-protected conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Centro Universitário de Santa Fé do Sul - UNIFUNEC, Campus II greenhouse. The trial design chosen was the completely randomized blocks, with 6 treatments (0; 0,050; 0,100; 0,200; 0,300, and 0,400 kg organic mineral treatment), and four repetitions (6X4), using 5 small bags per repetition, total 120 small bags. Biometric data analyzed was the plant height (cm); root length (cm); stem diameter (cm); wet and dry mass of the leaf area (g), and wet and dry mass of the root area (g), 60 days after planting. Based on the data obtained from agronomic characters analyzed, it was concluded that the use of 0,050; 0,100; 0,200, and 0,300 kg doses per treatment with organic mineral fertilizer provided papaya tree seedling with higher physiological quality which are vital for the commercial formation of orchards.   Keywords: Carica papaya L. Seedling. Propagation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-395
Author(s):  
Luciane De Siqueira Mendes ◽  
Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho ◽  
Willian Rodrigues Macedo ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro

The use of plant growth regulators is directly related to the success of in vitro propagation, which is an advantageous alternative to obtain seedlings on a commercial scale. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro development of ‘IAC 95-5000’ sugarcane seedlings after the addition of different doses of ethephon (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1) or gibberellic acid (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg L-1) to the culture medium. Ethephon increased the number of tillers (up to 231.70%), reduced height of the main tiller (44.66 to 60.47%), and did not affect the shoot´s fresh and dry mass. On the other hand, gibberellin decreased the number of tillers and negatively changed biomass partitioning. It is concluded that the use of ethephon is a potential strategy to enhance in vitro production of ‘IAC 95-5000’ sugarcane seedlings, since it increased the number of usable shoots in subsequent subcultures, and its effects on height reduction can be reversible. However, the use of the tested doses of gibberellic acid is not recommended, because it impaired seedling development of this sugarcane variety.


2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
A.K. Hagan ◽  
J.R. Akridge ◽  
K.L. Bowen

Abstract Impact of nitrogen (N) rate on spot anthracnose, powdery mildew, and Cercospora leaf spot as well as their impact on the growth of field-grown ‘Cloud 9’ and ‘Cherokee Chief’ flowering dogwood was assessed in 2003, 2004, and 2005. From 2001 to 2005, ammonium nitrate was applied at 4.1, 8.3, 16.5, 33.0 and 66.0 g N·m−2 (37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600 lb N·A−1). Heritage 50W fungicide was applied to one ‘Cherokee Chief’ and ‘Cloud 9’ flowering dogwood in each plot, while the second was untreated. Powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot were impacted by N rate more than spot anthracnose. In two of three years, powdery mildew intensified, particularly on the non-treated trees, as N rates increased. Cercospora leaf spot intensity (AUDPCI) and defoliation (AUDPCD) on the fungicide-treated and non-treated trees was influenced by N-rate in two of three and one of three years, respectively. Regardless of fungicide treatment, Cercospora leaf spot incited leaf spotting and defoliation was often lower at the two highest than the two lowest N rates. A reduction in the bract and leaf spot phases of spot anthracnose at the highest N rate was noted in 2004. While spot anthracnose was negatively correlated with trunk diameter in all three years and tree height in 2003 and 2004, Cercospora leaf spot intensity and defoliation were negatively correlated with tree height and trunk diameter in all three and two of three years, respectively. Powdery mildew had no impact on tree height or trunk diameter. Heritage 50W not only controlled spot anthracnose and powdery mildew but also slowed Cercospora leaf spot development sufficiently to enhance leaf retention and fall color.


Author(s):  
Fellipe Lemes da Rosa ◽  
Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽  
Marco Camillo de Carvalho ◽  
Rivanildo Dallacort ◽  
Adriano Maltezo da Rocha ◽  
...  

The objective was to evaluate the application of foliar nitrogen in different doses and times, as a complement to soil fertilization. The work was conducted in a rural area of the municipality of Terra Nova do Norte – MT, located in the southern of brazilian Amazon. The treatments were a combination of foliar applications of nitrogen at doses of 0, 250, 500 and 750 mL.ha-1, and two application times with different intervals: 15 and 40 days after emergence; and 25 and 40 days after the emergency. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, in a factorial 4 x 2, totaling eight treatments. It was found that the variables green mass productivity and dried plant and ear and ear length responded positively as the N rates and application times. It was also observed that the foliar application of nitrogen increased the productivity of corn for silage, and better results are obtained from 750 mL.ha-1 of the studied leaf fertilizer. There was no increase in production factors when the foliar application of nitrogen was split.


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