scholarly journals Feeding Preference of Cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus) in Coastal Waters of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Desak Putu Raka Paramita ◽  
Trijoko Trijoko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Low Levels

Research on cutlassfish’s diet has been carried out in several areas, but similar research does not exist or still rarely found in Gunungkidul. The aim of this study is to determine the overall composition of the cutlassfish's food, the most dominant type of food and cutlassfish's growth pattern. Methods including random sampling in the field, measurement of length and weight and identification of food types using stomach analysis method and proximate analysis on both cutlassfish’s muscle and diet. The results of the study then analyzed using the formula by Walpole (1992), length-weight relationship formula according to Le Cren (1951) followed by determining the value of b with the t-test at confidence interval of 96% and condition factor. Food composition and preferences were calculated using numerical and volumetric methods to find the IP (Index of Preponderance) and IRI (Index Relative Importance) values. Composition based on types of food is dominated by fish at 89% with Engraulidae as the main group with total percentage of IP 45.58 and IRI 76.47, respectively. Proximate analysis values indicate low levels of protein (with highest value of 23.82%) and high-moisture content (with highest value of 71.98%) caused by cold temperatures during storage. The regression showed that cutlassfish have an allometric positive growth pattern. The results revealed that the food is sufficient for the growth of cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus).

scholarly journals Feeding preference of adult females of ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus through prey proximate-composition and caloric values

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Trindade Bittar ◽  
Danielle Rodrigues Awabdi ◽  
William Cristiane Teles Tonini ◽  
Manuel Vazquez Vidal Junior ◽  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Prey Protein

In the present study we analysed the proximate-composition and caloric values of the preferred prey consumed by ribbonfish, Trichiurus lepturus L. 1758 (adult females), that are distributed in the inner continental shelf from northern Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil (~22ºS), assessing the potential of nutritional and energetic approach as a tool to understand the feeding selective pattern of this marine top carnivore. The preferred prey of this predator composed of fish co-specifics, Pellona harroweri, Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Lycengraulis grossidens, Peprilus paru, squid Doryteuthis plei, and shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri were collected from 2007 to 2010 for proximate-composition (water, protein, lipid, ash, and carbohydrate) and caloric value analyses. The correspondence analysis showed that protein is the main component in the prey species (61.32% of variance explained), standing out from the other nutrients. Lipid has the highest percentage related to L. grossidens, ash to X. kroyeri and carbohydrate to D. plei. The strong correlations between protein and caloric value (positive) and lipid and caloric value (negative) indicated that T. lepturus is attending its energy demand through the prey protein content. This work elucidated the feeding preference of adult females of T. lepturus in relation to nutritional and caloric content of their preferred prey. The species showed food selectivity to prey that provide more energy per ingested biomass, so that the feeding events can maximize the predator's caloric gain, which is obtained by a protein-based diet.

scholarly journals Nutritional indices and feeding preference of the Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in several Brassicaceae plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
P P Asmoro ◽  
Dadang ◽  
Pudjianto ◽  
I W Winasa
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Quality Of Food

Abstract The quantity and quality of food consumed by insects affect their growth, development; likewise, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), one of the important pests of Brassicaceae plants. The study aimed to determine feed preferences and the effect of four Brassicaceae, namely cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), caisin (B. rapa), broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica), and Rorippa indica, on the nutritional indices of P. xylostella larvae. The research methods consisted of insect rearing, nutrition indices test, preference test, and proximate analysis. The results showed that the highest preference was found in R. indica (47.81%), while the other three plant species were not significantly different. Cabbage treatment showed the highest efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (8.56%), followed by R. indica, caisin, and broccoli. The same thing, cabbage treatment showed the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (13.02%), followed by caisin, R. indica, and broccoli. Broccoli had the highest approximate digestibility (AD) (89.38%), followed by R. indica, cabbage, and caisin. In general, the results of the nutritional indices showed that cabbage was the most suitable feed for P. xylostella larvae; in addition, with a high feeding preference, R. indica could potentially be used as a trap crop.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258801
Author(s):  
Rosanna N. Punko ◽  
Robert W. Currie ◽  
Medhat E. Nasr ◽  
Shelley E. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Population Survival ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The epidemiology of Nosema spp. in honey bees, Apis mellifera, may be affected by winter conditions as cold temperatures and differing wintering methods (indoor and outdoor) provide varying levels of temperature stress and defecation flight opportunities. Across the Canadian Prairies, including Alberta, the length and severity of winter vary among geographic locations. This study investigates the seasonal pattern of Nosema abundance in two Alberta locations using indoor and outdoor wintering methods and its impact on bee population, survival, and commercial viability. This study found that N. ceranae had a distinct seasonal pattern in Alberta, with high spore abundance in spring, declining to low levels in the summer and fall. The results showed that fall Nosema monitoring might not be the best indicator of treatment needs or future colony health outcomes. There was no clear pattern for differences in N. ceranae abundance by location or wintering method. However, wintering method affected survival with colonies wintered indoors having lower mortality and more rapid spring population build-up than outdoor-wintered colonies. The results suggest that the existing Nosema threshold should be reinvestigated with wintering method in mind to provide more favorable outcomes for beekeepers. Average Nosema abundance in the spring was a significant predictor of end-of-study winter colony mortality, highlighting the importance of spring Nosema monitoring and treatments.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value and Physical Properties of Neo-Tropical Rodent Meat-with Emphasis on the Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Anwar Jamaal Ali ◽  
Kegan Romelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Low Levels

This review will focus on the nutritive characteristics of meat from neo-tropical rodents which have not yet been domesticated. These rodents include the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), and the lappe (Agouti paca). Information about the meat characteristics of these rodents were obtained from peer reviewed journal articles. Literature was obtained using search engines such as Google Scholar, Uwi linc, and Pub Med Central. Keywords used in the searches were “capybara”, “Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris”, “agouti”, “Dasyprocta leporina”, “Agouti paca/Cuniculus paca”, lappe”, and “meat proximate analysis”. Over four decades of literature was searched, spanning from the 1970s to 2020. There is a vast amount of information on the meats of the capybara, but limited information on the lappe, and there is a dearth of information on the agouti. Capybara meat is considered to be highly nutritious, with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), low levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA), low levels of fats and cholesterol. The animals that were reared in conditions which were similar to their habitat had lower levels of SFA. Diet, age, confinement, and sex had an effect on the chemical composition of the meat of the capybara. On average, capybara meat had a moisture content of 75%, protein 22%, ash 1.5%, and lipid 1%. During the authors’ search of the literature, no information was found on the proximate composition of the lappe or agouti meat. Information regarding the fatty acid profile of lappe meat was found, as well as a description of the physical characteristics of agouti and lappe meat. The physical parameter shows that the lappe has the most tender meat of the three rodent species, while the agouti has the least tender meat, and the capybara being intermediary. Neo-tropical rodent meat is highly nutritious, and is an excellent protein alternative for the growing population of the world. These animals are adapted to challenging environments and can grow well using locally available feed resources. However, further research needs to be conducted on the proximate analysis on lappe and agouti meat to fully inform consumers about its nutrient value.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds Sargassum policystum and Padina minor from Pohuwato Water, Gorontalo

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Shindy Hamidah Manteu ◽  
Nurjanah Nurjanah ◽  
Tati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Metals Extraction

Brown seaweed is one of the abundant resources that grows on the reefs of Pohuwato, Gorontalo Province. This research was aimed to determine the characteristics of <em>S. polycystum</em> and <em>P. minor</em> as sources of salt for hypertensive patients. The research consisted of proximate analysis, minerals, heavy metals, extraction, phytochemicals, phenols analysis, and antioxidant activity. <em>S. polycystum, P. minor</em> had water content of 17.69-22.31%, ash 24.51-30.53%, fat 0.50-0.52%, protein 3.65-4.78%, carbohydrates 53.66-41.88 and crude fiber 3.81-6.52%. The seaweeds also contained  Mg 8.89-22.41 mg/g, Fe 0.50-1.00 mg/g, K 26.90-32.71%, Na 22.23-22.69 mg/g, Ca 18.06-32.91 mg/g and ratio Na:K 0.69-0.83 mg/g. Heavy metals were detected in low levels with the content&lt;0.002-&lt;0.004 ppm. Ethanol extract of S. polycystum contained flavonoid, saponin, streoid, alkaloid. Meanwhile ethanol extract of <em>P. minor</em> contained flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid, stereoid, phenol, dan alkaloid. Total phenol level of<em> S. polycystum</em> was 173.6 mg GAE/g and <em>P. minor</em> was 568.7 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant IC50 of <em>S. Polycystum</em> was 77.58 mg/L while <em>P. minor</em> was 66.38 mg/L.

Growth pattern of millets in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Malathi ◽  
Chari Appaji ◽  
G. Rajender Reddy ◽  
K. Dattatri ◽  
N. Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Small Millets ◽  
Negative Growth

The present study was carried out to estimate the growth rate of area, production and yield and to measure the contribution of different components to the growth rate of millets in India during the last six decades i.e. from 1950-51 to 2011-12. Area under sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet and total millets registered positive growth during 1950-51 to 1980-81 and negative growth subsequently. The production of total millets registered significant growth during overall study period due to increase in yield. Increase in production of sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet and total millets were contributed by their yields, whereas area and its interaction with yield have adversely affected the production. Decline in production of small millets was due to area effect and interaction effect. The main source of growth in production of millets has been the growth in yield per hectare during the period from 1950-51 to 2011-12.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Common Eiders Breeding in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Sonsthagen ◽  
Sandy L. Talbot ◽  
Kevin G. McCRACKEN
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Nuclear Introns ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Intercolony Variation

Abstract We assessed population genetic subdivision among four colonies of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) breeding in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska, using microsatellite genotypes and DNA sequences with differing modes of inheritance. Significant, albeit low, levels of genetic differentiation were observed between mainland populations and Kigigak Island for nuclear intron lamin A and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Intercolony variation in haplotypic frequencies also was observed at mtDNA. Positive growth signatures assayed from microsatellites, nuclear introns, and mtDNA indicate recent colonization of the YKD, and may explain the low levels of structuring observed. Gene flow estimates based on microsatellites, nuclear introns, and mtDNA suggest asymmetrical gene flow between mainland colonies and Kigigak Island, with more individuals on average dispersing from mainland populations to Kigigak Island than vice versa. The directionality of gene flow observed may be explained by the colonization of the YKD from northern glacial refugia or by YKD metapopulation dynamics.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Qualities of Grewia forbesii Hav. Ex Mast and Grewia bicolor Juss Fruits from Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve in Iringa District

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1436-1441
Author(s):  
Vendeline E. Tairo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Low Levels

The Grewia forbesii and Grewia bicolor fruits were collected from Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve and were analysed for proximate, nutrients and anti-nutrients compositions. Results showed low moisture contents in G. forbesii and G. bicolor amounting to 14.14 and 13.98 percent, respectively. Crude fibre percent was slightly higher in G. bicolor (33.15%) than G. forbesii (31.95%). Lipid content was slightly higher in G. bicolor (1.37%) compared to G. forbesii (1.28%). The crude protein content of G. forbesii (7.44%) was slightly higher than G. bicolor (7.00%). Total carbohydrate content of G. forbesii (68.9%) was higher than that of G. bicolor (70%). Mineral analysis indicated substantial amounts of potassium 898 mg/100 g in G. forbesii and 879 mg/100 g in G. bicolor. Calcium content was high in G. forbesii and G. bicolor amounting to 453 mg/100 g and 582 mg/100 g, respectively. Iron was high in both species (20.73–24.45 mg/100 g). Manganese, copper and zinc were substantially low. The results revealed low levels of tannin (< 1.7%) and phylates (< 0.3%). The presence of substantial amounts of nutrients and low anti-nutrients revealed that the studied species may be potential sources of nutritional food. Keywords: Proximate analysis, mineral nutrients, anti-nutritional qualities, Grewia species, Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve

scholarly journals STUDENT TALK IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION AT SMA NEGERI 2 BINJAI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Windi Love Pita Sari ◽  
Busmin Gurning ◽  
Willem Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Student Talk ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Source Data ◽  
English Classroom ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Analysis Category

This study was aimed at finding out the types of student talk, the dominant type of student talk and the reasons why the students used the dominant type of student talk during teaching-learning process at SMA Negeri 2 Binjai in 2016/2017 academic year. This qualitative research used 40 students in grade XII as the source data and the researcher used audio recording, observational tally sheet, and matrix as the instruments for collecting data. The data got by using Flanders Interaction Analysis Category (FIAC). The analysis showed that students were still passive in speaking in the classroom interaction. The total percentage of student talk was 36,44%. The percentages of student talk in the first meeting were: 11,63% of student talk-response and 9,42% of student talk-initiation. Then, the percentages of student talk in the second meeting were: 11,35% for student talk-response and 4,04% for student talk-initiation. The dominant type of student talk was student talk-response by 22,98%. The researcher found the reasons by interviewing the students. The reasons why the students used the dominant type student talk-response were: (a) responding to the teacher’s question was the obligation of the students, (b) the students were understood and interested with the topic, (c) the students want to increase their ability in speaking English because the students seldom speak English outside of classroom, (d) some students do not speak confidently in the class, so by responding to the teacher will build up their confidence, (e) the students want to increase their ability in speaking English in order to build up their confidence, (f) by responding to the teacher’s question, it made the students more active in the classroom. Keywords: classroom interaction, student talk, Flanders Interaction Analysis Category (FIAC).

scholarly journals Proximate and Mineral Composition of Nigerian Leafy Vegetables

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Asaolu ◽  
O. S. Adefemi ◽  
I. G. Oyakilome ◽  
K. E. Ajibulu ◽  
M. F. Asaolu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Proximate analysis and mineral composition of some Nigerian leafy vegetables: bitter leaf (<em>Veronia amygdalina</em> L), India spinach (<em>Basella alba</em> L), bush buck (<em>Gongronema latifolium</em>), scent leaf (<em>Ocimium grastissimum</em>), Smooth amaranth (<em>Amaranthus hybridus</em>)<em>, </em>Roselle plant (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em>) and fluted pumpkin (<em>Telfaria occidentali</em>) were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The moisture content of the samples ranged between 10.0-12.08 %, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, ash contents and carbohydrate ranged between: 46.56 and 66.60, 4.02 and 12.08, 3.51 and 14.02, 5.02 and 15.55, 1.16 and 15.79 % dry matter (DM). Mineral element analysis showed that the leafy vegetables contained high levels of calcium (63.36-110.16), magnesium (27.51-288.65), sodium (15.01-88.00) and potassium (16.85-168.96) and low levels of copper (nd-3.14), nickel (2.32-18.16) and manganese (2.54-10.06) mg/100g respectively. The study showed that the leafy vegetables examined contained high levels of crude protein with low fat content and crude fibres.

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