scholarly journals Impacts of Heavy Metals on Soil Microbial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Justiniano Régo ◽  
Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Environmental Balance

Concern about soil quality has been increasing due to environmental impacts from anthropogenic actions. The imbalance between its components alters activities in ecosystems. One of the main actions affecting soil quality is the presence of heavy metals, impairing the functioning of the ecosystem. This work evaluated the impacts of metal-contaminated soil on microbial activity after dam failure in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Microbial respiration measurements and colony quantifications were used for evaluations. Thus, it is hoped that through these bioindicators, we can assess the quality of the environment and from these biostimulators restore the environmental balance, benefiting local communities affected by the disaster. After microbial biostimulation of the soil, there was an increase in the number of bacterial colonies as well as greater accumulation of CO2 over the days. Thus, the addition of nutrients to the metal-impacted soil was essential for initiating the restoration of the affected ecosystem equilibrium.

scholarly journals SOIL DEVELOPMENT AND PROPERTIES OF MICROBIAL BIOMASS SUCCESSION IN RECLAIMED SITES IN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1008-1014
Author(s):  
Veneta V. Stefanova ◽  
Petar G. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions

One of the most important preconditions of ecosystem rehabilitation in post mining landscapes is the process of soil development. In this context, the microbial activity in soil plays an important role. Microbial activity was studied in several reclaimed post mining sites resulted from the mining activity in Bulgaria. The studied soils are characterized by different biogenicity. The development of the total microflora in soils is higher in the surface layers but in depth, their number decreases due to the inhibiting effect of pollutants (heavy metals) and a change in the physico-chemical conditions. The dominant microorganisms are non-spore bacteria and all studied soils showed the development of pigment types of bacteria resulting from the high content of heavy metals. The composition of the microorganisms is poor, which can be taken as an indicator that the microbicenosis is still in the process of formation. In depth, their number is reduced by applying the effect of contamination. The mineralization coefficient values are the highest in the field with the greatest age of re-cultivation, where humidification is the most advanced. The study shows that vegetation type and litter quality seem to be more important for soil microbial activity than the substrate quality on the reclaimed sites.

Effects of the Accumulation of Different Plastic Film on the Quantities of Soil Microbial

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Rui Yu Jia ◽  
Xiao Guang Zhao ◽  
Yang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Quantities

This study has adopted potted experiment to study systematically the effect on soil microbial quantities of the accumulation of five different plastic film: for 0 year ,for 5years ,for 10 years ,for 15 years ,and for 20 years , and has analyzed the change trends of soil microbial activity. Whose relationship with soil quality has also been explored through analysis of the situation on crop growth, so as to provide scientific basis for law of the accumulation of plastic film on soil microbial activity.

scholarly journals Responses of Soil Microbial Activity to Swine Manure Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Maria Josiane Martins ◽  
Tânia Santos Silva ◽  
Igor Paranhos Caldas ◽  
Geovane Teixeira de Azevedo ◽  
Isabelle Carolyne Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Liquid Swine Manure ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The allocation of the large amount of swine waste from farms is an international concern. An efficient way of managing such waste is its use in farming. It is already known that the incorporation of organic waste into the soil significantly increases the microbial population. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the impact of the use of swine manure on the soil microbiota in a Eutrophic Oxisol. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme (sixconcentrations of swine manure and four evaluation periods) with four replications. We evaluate the following characteristics: microbial respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass (µC g-1 soil) and pH.: microbial respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass (µC g-1 soil) and pH. A significant effect was found in the interaction between concentrations and time of incubation (p < 0.05) of swine manure on microbial activity in the soil. The amount of microbial carbon increased as a function of increased levels of liquid swine manure. No interaction was observed between concentrations and time of incubation for the pH. The evaluation of the isolated factors allowed to observe that the pH decreased as the doses of manure were incremented. Higher and lower pH values were found after 5 and 30 days of incubation. The application of liquid swine manure up to 6000 L ha-1 increases the release of CO2 and carbon in the microbial biomass. The applications of liquid swine manure cause a gradual reduction in soil pH.

Effect of Poultry Compost on Productivity and Quality of Beets

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 524c-524
Author(s):  
Anusuya Rangarajan ◽  
Lydia Stivers ◽  
Steve Reiners
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Potential Use

One characteristic of compost that might provide greater incentive for use by vegetable growers is suppression of soil-borne diseases in crops grown on compost-amended soils. The mode of action of low rates of compost on vegetable growth may include stimulation of microbial activity for suppression of soil-borne diseases, enhanced plant resistance, and improved nutrient availability. Preliminary research on beets demonstrated that higher stands and decreased loss to root rot diseases in poultry compost-amended plots contributed to marketable yields which were twice that of the control plots. This presentation will summarize research results from studies to determine if compost reduced disease severity by changing in soil microbial activity or if these products primarily improved plant growth as a result of increased nutrient availability. Three field experiments explored impact of two commercially available poultry compost products (2 to 5 T/A) and two rates of chemical fertilizer, on growth and disease incidence on beets. Soil microbial activity was estimated using an enzyme assay, and soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N concentrations were also measured, three times over the season. Results indicated that these composts act primarily through a nutrient affect to enhance beet yield. Neither compost affected microbial activity in the top 8 inches of soil. Both products had significant, opposite effects on available soil nitrogen. One product significantly increased the amount of available soil nitrogen over the season and beet yields. The different methods of production of the two poultry composts tested in this research had significant implications for potential use in either greenhouse or field systems. The effects of these composts on crop fertility and composition will be discussed.

scholarly journals Implication of Urochloa spp. Intercropping and Conservation Agriculture on Soil Microbiological Quality and Yield of Tahiti Acid Lime in Long Term Orchard Experiment

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Costa Arantes ◽  
Simone Raposo Cotta ◽  
Patrícia Marluci da Conceição ◽  
Silvana Perissatto Meneghin ◽  
Rodrigo Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Techniques such as intercropping and minimum tillage improve soil quality, including soil microbial activity, which stimulates the efficient use of soil resources by plants. However, the effects of such practices in soil under citrus orchards have not been well characterized. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of mowing and intercrop species on soil microbiological characteristics beneath a Tahiti acid lime orchard. The orchard was planted using minimum tillage and intercropped with two species of Urochloa species (U. ruziziensis—ruzi grass; U. decumbens—signal grass), with two types of mowers for Urochloa biomass (ecological; conventional) and herbicide applications. The study was conducted over 10 years. The ecological mower made the largest deposition of the intercrop biomass, thus providing the lowest disturbance of soil microbial activity and increasing, on average over all 10 years, the basal soil respiration (45%), microbial biomass carbon (25%), abundance of 16S rRNA (1.5%) and ITS (3.5%) genes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (30%), and providing a ca. 20% higher fruit yield. U. ruziziensis in combination with ecological mowing stimulated the abundance of the genes nifH (1.5%) and phoD (3.0%). The herbicide showed little influence. We conclude that the use of U. ruziziensis as an intercrop in citrus orchards subjected to ecological mowing can be recommended for improving and sustaining soil quality and citrus fruit production.

scholarly journals Type and quantity of biochar influenced soil microbial activity and carbon priming effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
José Ilmar Tínel de Carvalho Junior ◽  
Maria Isidória Silva Gonzaga ◽  
André Quintão de Almeida ◽  
Jady Araújo ◽  
Lúcia Catherinne Oliveira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Bagasse Biochar

Biochar has shown much potential to be used as soil amendment and conditioner as well as an effective alternative to waste disposal. However, the effect of biochar on soil organic matter varies according to the type of feedstock. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different types and rates of application of biochar on soil microbial activity and on soil carbon priming effect. The incubation experiment was set up as a completely randomized design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with two types of biochar (coconut husk and orange bagasse) and five rates of application (0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 t ha-1), with three replications. Soil microbial activity was evaluated through the concentration of CO2 released from the soil during a period of 130 days. Carbon priming effect was determined based on the CO2 respired in the biochar treated soil and in the control soil. Both biochars increased the total oxidizable carbon in the soil when they were applied at 30 t ha-1, however, the orange bagasse biochar was more effective than the coconut biochar. Coconut biochar increased the cumulative soil microbial respiration at all rates of application during the incubation period, therefore, it contributed to a positive carbon priming effect and should be applied with caution to avoid excessive loss of carbon from the soil. Orange bagasse biochar had little influence on the cumulative CO2 emission, except at 15 t ha-1, which increased soil microbial activity.

scholarly journals Effects of Mixing Feldspathic Sandstone and Sand on Soil Microbial Biomass and Extracellular Enzyme Activities—A Case Study in Mu Us Sandy Land in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 3963
Author(s):  
Xiuxiu Feng ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Fazhu Zhao ◽  
Hongying Bai ◽  
Russell Doughty
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Feldspathic Sandstone

Microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activity, and their stoichiometry in soil play an important role in ecosystem dynamics and functioning. To better understand the improvement of sand soil quality and the limitation of soil nutrients after adding feldspathic sandstone, we investigated changes in soil microbial activity after 10 months of mixing feldspathic sandstone and sand, and compared the dynamics with soil properties. We used fumigation extraction to determine soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), and microplate fluorometric techniques to measure soil β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-xylosidase (BX), β-D-cellobiohydrolase (CBH), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and Alkaline phosphatase (AKP). We also measured soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and soil water content (SWC). Our results showed that the soil microbial biomass C, N, P, and individual extracellular enzyme activities significantly increased in mixed soil. Similarly, the soil microbial biomass C:N, C:P, N:P, MBC:SOC, and BG:NAG significantly increased by 54.3%, 106.3%, 33.1%, 23.0%, and 65.4%, respectively. However, BG:AKP and NAG:AKP decreased by 19.0% and 50.3%, respectively. Additionally, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that SWC, SOC, porosity and field capacity were significantly associated with soil microbial biomass indices (i.e., C, N, P, C:N, C:P, N:P in microbial biomass, and MBC:SOC) and extracellular enzyme activity metrics (i.e., individual enzyme activity, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and vector characteristics of enzyme activity), while pH, EC, and SIC had no correlation with these indices and metrics. These results indicated that mixing feldspathic sandstone and sand is highly susceptible to changes in soil microbial activity, and the soil N limitation decreased while P became more limited. In summary, our research showed that adding feldspathic sandstone into sand can significantly improve soil quality and provide a theoretical basis for the development of desertified land resources.

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