scholarly journals Factors Linking Declining Reef Health Ecosystem to Poverty in Lagonoy Gulf, Eastern Bicol, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Antonino B. Mendoza ◽  
Plutomeo M. Nieves ◽  
Michael C. Borejon
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Reef Health

This paper provided likely linkage between poverty and reef health status in Lagonoy Gulf. It showed that fishers are poor as reflected by their weekly income ranging from PhP 2,500.00 to <500.00 averaging PhP 1,214.00 which is way below the PhP 3,596 week-1 poverty threshold for Bicol Region. Population density in coastal municipalities is highest in Albay with 512 ind. km-2 and least in Catanduanes with 325 ind. km-2. Fishers are relatively ageing with mean age of 48 years and average fishing experience of 29 years. Majority only reached or finished primary level, and only 6% reached college. Five out of six do not own boat and gears, showing financial incapacity. Hook and lines were used by 66% of the fishers while, nets comprised 32%. Living coral cover declined from 1993 to 2018 by almost 25%.  High dependence to coastal resources, high demand for seafood, destructive gears, lack of supplemental sources of income, low educational background, lack of skills, low income are identified contributory factors to habitat degradation. With the declining reef health and fish catch, fishers that are living below poverty threshold are more likely to become poorer because the reef’s capacity to provide goods and services is lost.

scholarly journals Perceptions of coastal villagers on the non-market goods and services of mangroves in Cagayan province, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-334
Author(s):  
Emma Legaspi Ballad ◽  
Cecilia Balagtas Mangabat
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Survey Interviews

Household survey interviews were conducted to randomly selected 280 respondents in order to understand the socio-economic profile and livelihood structures of coastal villagers, as well as to evaluate the extent of their knowledge of, awareness of, and participation in mangrove rehabilitation projects in Cagayan Province, Philippines. The perceptions of the respondents of the non-market goods and services (i.e., the indirect and non-use values) of mangroves were evaluated through the use of proxy attitudinal statements. The results showed that the majority of the respondents were fishers, which confirmed that the households depended largely on coastal resources for their livelihoods. The respondents were from low-income households, with most of them below the poverty threshold level for the province. Despite this, the respondents displayed high levels of awareness and knowledge of mangroves in the area. The results further showed that the respondents recognized the value of protecting and preserving the mangrove ecosystem; however, there was an exposition of disagreement for statements that contained the phrases “pay”, “cost”, or “money”. This result inferred that respondents were reasonably sensitive with regards to conservation when it involves monetary payment, given their socio-economic conditions. Nevertheless, the possibility that contributions could be in-kind could be explored for further studies. The information generated from this study is an input to future valuation researches in the area.

THE IMPACT OF ZONATION SYSTEM POLICY IN THE PPDB ON STUDENTS' OBTAINING AT SMA NEGERI 8 SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Idawati Idawati
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
National Examination ◽  
New Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Student ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research was conducted by using a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach was chosen to be tested theories by examining and measuring variables in the form of relationships, differences, influences, contributions, and the others. The research was carried out by describing the students acquisition data on the new student admission (PPDB) using zoning system based on the academic year 2019-2020 and the student acquisition data on the academic year PPDB 2018-2019 as a comparison. Based on the results of the study, the new students of PPDB using zoning system was considered lower in terms of economic and educational background of parents. There were more parents with less education (elementary & junior high school) in the zoning system than in the rayon system, whereas parents with higher education in the zoning system were fewer than the rayon system.  Likewise, in terms of income, there were more people with the low income in the zoning system than in the rayon system, and those having high income were fewer than in the rayon system. The study showed that the intelligence and the result of National Examination Score (NUN) in the zoning system is lower than in the rayon system. The intelligent level of the students in the zoning system is mostly dominated by the scores under 90-109, while in the rayon system were dominated by the scores above 90-109.  The National Examination Scores (NUN) in the zoning system were evenly distributed from a range of scores 0 to 30, while in the rayon system the scores were dominated by a range of scores 28-30, with the lowest score 24.

scholarly journals Status of Coral Reefs in the Water of Spermonde, Makassar, South Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Purnama Sari ◽  
Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo ◽  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽  
Raden Sutiadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Index Value

Observations of the condition of coral reefs have been carried out in Spermonde waters from 2015 to 2018. The method used in this observation uses Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), and the data obtained is analyzed using CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions) software. The results show that the percentage of coral cover has increased from year to year. The percentage of live coral cover in 2015 was 19.64%, 23.60 in 2016, 23.72% in 2017, and 27.83% in 2018. The increase in live coral cover from year to year is thought to occur due to the availability of nutrients. or increasing public awareness, considering this location is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Makassar. Coral reef health index values can be used to classify coral reef health. Through the analysis of the coral reef health index, an index value of 4 was obtained, which means that the condition of the coral reefs is in the “moderate” category.

scholarly journals INTEREST FREE MICROFINANCE: A GATEWAY OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION FOR KERALA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4SE) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Fazal Muhammed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Poor

Microfinance is a powerful poverty alleviation tool. It implies provision of financial services to poor and low-income people whose low economic standing excludes them from formal financial systems. Access to services such as, credit, venture capital, savings, insurance, remittance is provided on a micro-scale enabling participation of those with severely limited financial means. The provision of financial services to the poor helps to increase household income and economic security, build assets and reduce vulnerability; creates demand for other goods and services; and stimulates local economies. A large number of studies on poverty however, indicate that exclusion of the poor from the financial system is a major factor contributing to their inability to participate in the development process. In a typical developing economy the formal financial system serves no more than twenty to thirty percent of the population. The vast majority of those who are excluded are poor.

scholarly journals The Academic Performance of Scholarship Students during Medical School

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Glaucia de-Oliveira Moreira ◽  
Silvia Passeri ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho ◽  
Flavio Ferraresi ◽  
Simone Appenzeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Medical Residency ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Residency Programs

ABSTRACT The inclusion, adherence and success of low-income undergraduates are important goals in Brazilian higher education, as well as in other parts of the world, especially in busy and full-time courses such as medicine. This paper analyzes the performance of undergraduate medical students by comparing two groups: those who applied for and received a scholarship during the academic years (scholarship holders) and the others (without scholarship). We analyzed data from 417 medical students who graduated between 2010 and 2013, corresponding to four years of a retrospective cohort at a free public university in Brazil. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney test, and linear regression to compare the scores of these groups in the sixth and twelfth semesters (middle and final semesters) and in the admission exam for medical residency programs, consisting of: total score, multiple choice test for knowledge assessment, simulated structured clinical assessment, interview and written questions. The independent variable was to receive a scholarship, while the control variables were age, socioeconomic strata, extra gratuities for high school in public institution and self-declaration of race, score in the vestibular entry exam (general and in each area assessed) and parents’ level of education. A total of 243 students (58.2%) received a scholarship, most of them as a scientific initiation grant (217 or 89.3%), while 10.7% received social assistance, the average income per capita was about 16% lower among students who received a scholarship (p = 0.01) compared to those who did not. Scholarship recipients achieved better academic performance in the sixth (p<0.01) and in the twelfth (p<0.01) semester, but not in admission to medical residency programs. Good performance was independent of age, race, receipt of bonuses for admission to medical school, and educational background of their parents. Therefore, we conclude that receiving a scholarship at the undergraduate level was associated tobetter student performance during the undergraduate medical course. It is important to emphasize the importance of reinforcing similar programs, especially to help support students who are most vulnerable socioeconomically.

Carbonate production rates of encruster communities on a lagoonal patch reef: Vabbinfaru reef platform, Maldives

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Morgan ◽  
P. S. Kench
Keyword(s):  
Coral Cover ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Encrusting Organisms ◽  
Reef Platform

Coral reefs are formed by the growth and calcification of primary coral framework and secondary encrusting organisms. Future scenarios of reef health predict global declines in coral cover and an increase in the relative importance of encrusting organisms to gross reef calcification. Numerous coral growth studies are available; however, there are few quantitative estimates of secondary carbonate production on reefs. The present study used vertically orientated PVC pipe to generate rates of carbonate production (g cm–2 year–1) by encruster communities on Vabbinfaru reef platform, Maldives (4°18′35″N, 73°25′26″E). Maximum carbonate production by encrusters was 0.112 g cm–2 year–1 (mean ± s.d.: 0.047 ± 0.019 g cm–2 year–1). Encruster community composition was dominated by non-geniculate coralline algae (mean ± s.d.: 76 ± 14.2%), with other encrusting taxa being quantitatively unimportant to total substrate cover (mean ± s.d.: 9 ± 16.7%). Rates of encruster calcification at Vabbinfaru fell within the range of values reported for other reef-building provinces. There is a particular need for more quantitative field-based measurements of reef-organism calcification rates because such values strengthen regional and global estimates of gross carbonate production and have direct implications for net reef accretion and the development of reef sedimentary environments.

Infl uence of digitalization on young specialists education, formation of their motivational behavior in an eff ort to achieve effi cient results of the company’s business

Innotrans ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Valeriy M. Samuylov ◽  
◽  
Natalya V. Chernova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Human Resources Development ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Motivational Behavior ◽  
Resources Development

The article deals with potential measures of human resources development through active introduction of innovational digital technologies targeted at production design, acquisition of new demands of clients, manufacturing and proliferation of high-demand goods and services. Such an approach makes it possible to attract promising young specialists, having the knowledge and skills of productive application of digital technologies, existing platforms, applications in work in an effort to achieve necessary results in the company operation.

Moving Towards Decent Work for Street Vendors in Tanzania

Utafiti ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-278
Author(s):  
Nasibu Rajabu Mramba ◽  
Nandera Ernest Mhando
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Goods And Services

Abstract Street vending is an important employment opportunity for the millions of youth, women, anyone with very few resources and the least-skilled people in low-income countries. Its popularity is due to the ease of entry into the business as far as costs, legal eligibility, and level of education. Despite their importance to local economies, street vendors operate in challenging environments that limit the productivity, the decency, and the sustainability of this kind of work. Governments should play a central role in improving the quality of work in this sector, particularly in countries where it constitutes a large proportion of the nation’s work force, and provides goods and services to so many people.

scholarly journals Disrupted learning: habitat degradation impairs crucial antipredator responses in naive prey

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1830) ◽  
pp. 20160441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark I. McCormick ◽  
Oona M. Lönnstedt
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
Pomacentrus Amboinensis ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
Predator Learning ◽  
First Time

Habitat degradation is a global problem and one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. Though widespread, the mechanisms that underlie faunal changes are poorly understood. In tropical marine systems, corals play a crucial role in forming habitat, but coral cover on many reefs is declining sharply. Coral degradation affects the olfactory cues that provide reliable information on the presence and intensity of threat. Here, we show for the first time that the ability of a habitat generalist to learn predators using an efficient and widespread method of predator learning is compromised in degraded coral habitats. Results indicate that chemical alarm cues are no longer indicative of a local threat for the habitat generalist (the damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis ), and these cues can no longer be used to learn the identity of novel predators in degraded habitats. By contrast, a rubble specialist and congeneric ( Pomacentrus coelestis ) responded to olfactory threat cues regardless of background environment and could learn the identity of a novel predator using chemical alarm cues. Understanding how some species can cope with or acclimate to the detrimental impacts of habitat degradation on risk assessment abilities will be crucial to defining the scope of resilience in threatened communities.

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