scholarly journals Development of a computational Procedure for Optimum Sediment Removal: Application to case of Roseires Hydropower Intakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Ahmed Musa Siyam ◽  
Kantoush S. A ◽  
Saad A. S
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Sediment Management ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Dam Site ◽  
The Impact

Hydropower generation is one of the key purposes that dams were built for. World-wide the sustainability of hydropower operation is deprived and threatened by the alarming rate of reservoir sedimentation. The situation is even worst for the cases where the sediment delta has propagated and reached the dam site. Various sediment management practices have been employed to cope with the problem at a huge amount of cost. This paper analyses the sedimentation problem and the impact on hydropower generation in Roseires reservoir, in Sudan. An economical reservoir sediment management plan such as Hydro-suction dredging technique is suggested. The deposited sediment should be agitated before being bypassed to the downstream via a pipeline that makes use of the natural hydraulic head of water. A detailed design procedure is outlined and guidelines for the optimization are presented. The procedure is theoretically illustrated by applying it to remove the annual deposited sediment ahead of Roseires Hydropower intakes in Sudan. It was concluded that such system is cost effective when compared to costs incurred in tackling the effect of siltation in front of hydropower intakes.

Extending Life Expectancy of La Esmeralda Reservoir: A Bet to Support Colombia’s Future Energy Demand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. del Río ◽  
Hugo Moffett ◽  
César Nieto-Londoño ◽  
Rafael E. Vásquez ◽  
Ana Escudero-Atehortúa
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Sediment Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Growing Economy

Abstract This work addresses the strategy of AES Corporation (AES Chivor) in order to extend the life of La Esmeralda reservoir to support Colombia’s future energy demand. Chivor Hydropower Plant entered into service in 1978 and has a capacity of 1000 MW, 8 % of Colombia’s demand. It is first described how the Colombian electricity energy mix is composed. Then, La Esmeralda reservoir, which is used by Chivor for power generation, is described; sediment management plans and maintenance costs for equipment and infrastructure are addressed. Then, sediment dynamics studies that have been done in order to determine life expectancy of La Esmeralda reservoir are listed. Such studies have been used to execute the Chivor’s Life Extension Project, which considers the modification of intakes as the best option to extend the life of the reservoir for at least 50 years, among several alternatives that were evaluated by a panel of international experts. This represents a challenge from the engineering point of view, and the project will be shown as a successful example for a country with such dependence on hydropower generation. Modernizing existing infrastructure without affecting the operation, as in this case, is crucial to show how a sustainable sediment management plan and technological development are necessary to extend life of hydropower generation projects, and to help meeting energy demand in a sustainable way for countries such as Colombia with a growing economy.

A regional model of sheep lice management practices to examine the impact of managing straying sheep combined with other management choices

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Peri G. Lucas ◽  
Brian J. Horton ◽  
David Parsons ◽  
Anna L. Carew
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Eradication Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Intervention Level ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Effective Part ◽  
The Impact

A model of lice management systems was used to investigate the potential benefits of improved fencing against straying sheep, used in conjunction with other management options for lice control. The impact of combined strategies was simulated over a 20-year period. Management options included in the model were: lice eradication rate, lice detection, intervention level, improved fencing to reduce straying sheep, and biosecurity of purchased sheep. The modelling found it was cost-effective to improve fences for an initial average cost of $20 000/property if the number of properties from which strays could enter was reduced by ≥40%, but for average Australian properties this represents less than 20% of the boundary replaced. In order for fencing to be a cost-effective part of lice management, the fencing must target sections of boundary fence that will provide the greatest protection from contact with neighbouring flocks. The model showed that improved biosecurity against straying sheep combined well with improved eradication rates. However, biosecurity for purchased sheep may be the most cost-effective option.

scholarly journals LUCI-EntEx v1.0: A GIS-based algorithm to determine stream entry and exit points at boundaries of any given shape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethanna Jackson ◽  
Rubianca Benavidez ◽  
Keith Miller ◽  
Deborah Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modelling Process

Abstract. Increasing attention is turning to moderating the impact of human activity on the environment, both to preserve the intrinsic value of ecosystems and species for their own sake, and to protect the benefits we derive from nature for future generations. Internationally, various regulations and policies are in place or in development to improve our stewardship of the environment and develop more sustainable and resilient management practices. However, policies formulated at national or regional scales are not always suited to enacting targeted and cost-effective approaches at the local scale due to geoclimatic, topographical, or management constraints. The direct monitoring of the local and upstream impacts of every management unit to determine their net impact is a costly practice, thus emphasising the need for modelling approaches to complement limited on-ground measurements. This paper describes and demonstrates tools (LUCI-EntEx v1.0) that automatically identify the fluvial and terrestrial flow of water in and out of a study area, such as a river that enters a farm that is impacted by upstream management, or terrestrial flow coming from neighbouring property. By identifying the stream entry/exit points, the net impact of land management within the study area can be more easily quantified based on the contribution of neighbouring and upstream areas, aiding in the decision-making process. This algorithm also facilitates the identification of inconsistencies in data such as differences between the legal/official catchment boundaries and the hydrological boundaries determined by the representation of terrain and river networks. If such inconsistencies are not resolved, they can cause further error propagation in later stages of the modelling process. Four case studies of New Zealand management units – two at the farm scale and two at the catchment scale – demonstrate the algorithm's utility in determining fluvial and terrestrial entry/exit points and highlighting potential data inconsistencies. The farm case studies also use the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) framework to demonstrate how this algorithm can be embedded in other models for further value: in this case, we show its potential to improve predictions and enhance management of nutrients and sediment.

scholarly journals Lean Management Practices’ Effects on Brazilian Firms: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-108
Author(s):  
Filipe Lage de Sousa ◽  
Mauricio Canêdo-Pinheiro ◽  
Bernardo Pereira Cabral ◽  
Glaucia Estefânia de Sousa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lean Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Innovation Outcomes

One of the key drivers for a firm's productivity growth is management. One lean management practice considered cost-effective is Kaizen. Originally from Japan, the Kaizen basic concept is continuous improvement with the involvement of the full workforce. Using a firm-level dataset from Brazil's innovation and manufacturing surveys, this paper evaluates quantitatively whether Kaizen has impacted the performance of domestic firms. Our initial results suggest a productivity premium on Kaizen adopters, yet when it materializes is not detectable in the short term. Moreover, the impact on innovation is observable after Kaizen implementation. Understanding these outcomes with a qualitative approach, our analysis highlights the importance of Kaizen on innovation, especially by improving worker's time at the production line as well as the long-term vision of Kaizen on productivity. In summary, Kaizen is not a magic wand that improves firms’ performance in a wide array of indicators yet it may boost innovation outcomes in the short term aiming to improve productivity in the long term if it is implemented carefully and persistently, as established by its basic principles.

A regional model of sheep lice management practices for predicting the impact of treatment for lice when no lice are detected

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Horton ◽  
Andrew Bailey ◽  
Anna L. Carew
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Intervention Level ◽  
The Impact

A model of sheep lice management incorporating different assumed levels of lice prevalence in different regions of Australia was used to determine the conditions under which it would be cost-effective to treat sheep for lice at shearing when no lice had been detected. The probability that a flock might be infested was calculated from the probability that the previous treatment had failed to eradicate lice, purchased sheep may have introduced lice, or lice may have entered on straying sheep. The model showed that a flock should be treated if the probability of infestation is greater than 10%. It was projected that acceptance of a risk level greater than 10% would reduce treatment of flocks where no lice were present, thus reducing treatment costs. This higher risk level, however, would increase the proportion of louse-infested flocks that remained untreated, resulting in increased direct lice costs and an increase in the regional prevalence of lice, but little overall change in costs to the sheep industry. The model indicated that treatment of sheep at lower levels of risk (less than 10%) would incur unnecessary costs due to treatment of flocks where no lice were present and would not reduce the regional prevalence of lice more effectively than a 10% intervention level. The model suggested that more accurate methods of detecting lice at shearing would allow higher levels of risk, reduce the use of treatment and hence reduce overall costs associated with managing lice, without increasing the prevalence of lice.

Stocks, composition and vulnerability to loss of soil organic carbon predicted using mid-infrared spectroscopy

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
M. H. Beare ◽  
D. Curtin ◽  
B. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Stocks

Developing a routine and cost effective capability for measuring soil organic carbon (SOC) content and composition will allow identification of land management practices with a potential to maintain or enhance SOC stocks. Coupling SOC content data and mid-infrared (MIR) spectra through the application of partial least-squares regression (PLSR) analyses has been used to develop such a prediction capability. The objective of this study was to determine whether MIR/PLSR analyses provide accurate estimates of the content and composition of SOC that can be used to quantify SOC stocks and its potential vulnerability to loss. Soil was collected from a field trial incorporating a range of land use (pasture, arable cropping and bare fallow) and tillage (intensive, minimum and no tillage) treatments over a nine-year period. The SOC content was measured by dry combustion analysis. Particulate organic carbon was separated from other forms of carbon on the basis of particle size (SOC in the >50 µm fraction). Resistant organic carbon was quantified using solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The MIR/PLSR algorithms were successfully developed to predict the natural logarithms of the contents of SOC and POC in the collected soils. With initial calibration, a single MIR analysis could be used in conjunction with PLSR algorithms to predict the content of SOC and its allocation to component fractions. The MIR/PLSR predicted SOC contents provided reliable estimates of the impact of agricultural management on the 0–25-cm SOC stocks, as well as an indication of the vulnerability of SOC to loss. Development of this capability will facilitate the rapid and cost effective collection of SOC content data for detecting the impact of agricultural management treatments on SOC stocks, composition and potential vulnerability to change.

scholarly journals Mapping Knowledge Gaps of Mozambique’s Terrestrial Mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Queirós Neves ◽  
Maria da Luz Mathias ◽  
Cristiane Bastos-Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA valuable strategy to support conservation planning is to assess knowledge gaps regarding primary species occurrence data to identify and select areas for future biodiversity surveys. Currently, increasing accessibility to these data allows a cost-effective method for boosting knowledge about a country’s biodiversity. For understudied countries where the lack of resources for conservation is more pronounced to resort to primary biodiversity data can be especially beneficial. Here, using a primary species occurrence dataset, we assessed and mapped Mozambique’s knowledge gaps regarding terrestrial mammal species by identifying areas that are geographically distant and environmentally different from well-known sites. By comparing gaps from old and recent primary species occurrence data, we identified: (i) gaps of knowledge over time, (ii) the lesser-known taxa, and (iii) areas with potential for spatiotemporal studies. Our results show that the inventory of Mozambique’s mammal fauna is near-complete in less than 5% of the territory, with broad areas of the country poorly sampled or not sampled at all. The knowledge gap areas are mostly associated with two ecoregions. The provinces lacking documentation coincide with areas over-explored for natural resources, and many such sites may never be documented. It is our understanding that by prioritising the survey of the knowledge-gap areas will likely produce new records for the country and, continuing the study of the well-known regions will guarantee their potential use for spatiotemporal studies. The implemented approach to assess the knowledge gaps from primary species occurrence data proved to be a powerful strategy to generate information that is essential to species conservation and management plan. However, we are aware that the impact of digital and openly available data depends mostly on its completeness and accuracy, and thus we encourage action from the scientific community and government authorities to support and promote data mobilisation.

scholarly journals NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SUGAR BEET: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Mahapatra ◽  
Tamalika Bhadra ◽  
Swapan Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
The Impact

Sugar is an important source of energy for the human body although it receives blame for many health problems, without it, the body would cease to function properly. Nearby thirty percent of the world sugar comes from sugar beet. Production of sugar beet globally spans diverse regions with a wide range of climatic and agro-ecological regions which shows exclusive management challenges. Fertilizer or nutrient management is one of the practices that associate with fertilizer use efficiency and production of the crops including sugar beet. As the nutrient management interacts with different agro-ecological areas and soils, the fertilizer recommendations and management have become regional and site-specific. Maximizing beet and sugar yields, the knowledge of the management of the fertilizers or nutrition is very essential. This article is to understand the impact of different fertilizers in different management practices including the major nutrients of the crop, fertilizer rate, timing, and method of application either solely or in a mixture or integrated manner with reviewing diverse research experiments. Moreover, it will help to approach future strategies and needs for making the production of sugar beet as a cost-effective crop with new improving management technologies for the farmers.

Applying Risk/Need Assessment to Probation Practice and its Impact on the Recidivism of Young Offenders

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1177-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duyen Luong ◽  
J. Stephen Wormith
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Need Assessment ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
The Impact

Evaluating the extent to which case management practices are guided by risk/need assessment is important because the impact of the assessment process will not be realized if the instrument is not applied as fully intended. This study investigated whether risk/need assessment is linked to the case management of young offenders and whether adherence to the principles of risk, need, and responsivity, as part of the case management plan, is related to recidivism. Data were collected on a sample of 192 young offenders. The Level of Service Inventory–Saskatchewan Youth Edition (LSI-SK) total score and seven of the eight subscale scores were positively correlated with recidivism. Generally, the LSI-SK was used to inform supervision intensity and interventions toward criminogenic needs. Moreover, adherence to the need principle was associated with reductions in recidivism. Implications for case management and direction for future research are discussed.

Regulatory and sustainability initiatives lead to improved polyaminopolyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins and paper products

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Crisp ◽  
Richard Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are the predominant commercial products used to manufacture wet-strengthened paper products for grades requiring wet-strength permanence. Since their development in the late 1950s, the first generation (G1) resins have proven to be one of the most cost-effective technologies available to provide wet strength to paper. Throughout the past three decades, regulatory directives and sustainability initiatives from various organizations have driven the development of cleaner and safer PAE resins and paper products. Early efforts in this area focused on improving worker safety and reducing the impact of PAE resins on the environment. These efforts led to the development of resins containing significantly reduced levels of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), potentially carcinogenic byproducts formed during the manufacturing process of PAE resins. As the levels of these byproducts decreased, the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) profile of PAE resins and paper products improved. Recent initiatives from major retailers are focusing on product ingredient transparency and quality, thus encouraging the development of safer product formulations while maintaining performance. PAE resin research over the past 20 years has been directed toward regulatory requirements to improve consumer safety and minimize exposure to potentially carcinogenic materials found in various paper products. One of the best known regulatory requirements is the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which defines the levels of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD that can be extracted by water from various food contact grades of paper. These criteria led to the development of third generation (G3) products that contain very low levels of 1,3-DCP (typically <10 parts per million in the as-received/delivered resin). This paper outlines the PAE resin chemical contributors to adsorbable organic halogens and 3-MCPD in paper and provides recommendations for the use of each PAE resin product generation (G1, G1.5, G2, G2.5, and G3).

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