SOX2 Expression in Gastrointestinal Cancers of Iranian Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh B Rassouli ◽  
Maryam M Matin ◽  
Ahmad Reza Bahrami ◽  
Kamran Ghaffarzadegan ◽  
Sajjad Sisakhtnezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sox2 Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iranian Patients

Purpose Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are among the 5 most common cancers in Iran, and their high associated mortality rates are attributable to late diagnosis and poor treatment options. SOX2, a transcription factor necessary for maintenance and induction of pluripotency and self-renewal, has been identified as a lineage-survival oncogene in several cancers. In the present study, we examined SOX2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric adenocarcinoma and colon squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as normal GI tissues, in Iranian patients. Methods To elucidate the role of SOX2 in GI carcinogenesis, formalin-fixed tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), while frozen ESCC samples were studied by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results IHC studies indicated presence of SOX2+ cells in a subset of cancerous and normal tissues of stomach and colon, while no significant difference was observed between groups, and no correlation was found between SOX2 expression and tumors grades. Nevertheless, studying ESCC samples with IHC and qRT-PCR revealed overexpression of SOX2 in comparison with normal adjacent tissues. Conclusions The present results are in line with other studies and indicate SOX2 up-regulation in ESCC; however, due to our small sample size and contradictory reports, more research is needed to determine the importance of SOX2 in GI cancers.

scholarly journals Comparison of the outcomes between locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma patients treated with definitive chemoradiation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ahlawat ◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
M. K. Sharma ◽  
U. Saxena ◽  
I. K. Wahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Response Evaluation ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Regional Control ◽  
Definitive Chemoradiation ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To present comparison of survival outcomes between locally advanced adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with definitive chemoradiation. Methods: It is a retrospective analysis and direct comparison between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cervix treated from January 2011 to December 2015. Of 73 patients analyzed 61 had squamous carcinoma histology and remaining 12 had adenocarcinoma. Inclusion criteria were patients with locally advanced stage (IIA) who have completed definitive chemoradiation and were available for response evaluation at 3 months of completion of treatment. Endpoints for the study were disease response evaluation at 3 months, progression rate, median progression free survival, median recurrence free survival, median loco-regional control, median distant metastasis free survival, median overall survival. Results: There was no significant difference between the two histology groups with respect to rate of achieving complete response (78.6 vs 75%, p = 0.718) and rate of disease progression (36% vs 50%, p = 0.517). There was no significant difference between median PFS (57.75 vs 17.74 months; p = 0.964), median RFS (NR vs 66.03 months; p = 0.876), median loco-regional control (not reached for both; p = 0.315), median DMFS (NR vs 66.03 months; p = 0.438) and median OS (NR vs 66.13 months; p = 0.884). Conclusions: Locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiation have similar outcomes. Small sample size is the limitation of this study.

scholarly journals Molecular Landscape of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7069
Author(s):  
Nuria Carreras-Dieguez ◽  
José Guerrero ◽  
Maria Teresa Rodrigo-Calvo ◽  
Inmaculada Ribera-Cortada ◽  
Isabel Trias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Cancer Genes ◽  
Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Landscape

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare malignancy with dual pathogenesis, Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent, with a poorly explored molecular landscape. We aimed to summarize the findings of the series analyzing molecular hallmarks of this neoplasm. In January 2021, we conducted a comprehensive literature search using Pubmed Medline and Scopus to identify publications focused on genomic profiling of VSCC. Observational studies, including both prospective and retrospective designs, evaluating molecular alterations in VSCC were deemed eligible. A total of 14 studies analyzing 749 VSCC were identified. The study series were heterogeneous in HPV testing and sequencing strategies, included small sets of tumors and cancer genes, and commonly lacked survival analysis. Only one extensive targeted next-generation sequencing-based study comprised a large cohort of 280 VSCC. The mutated genes, their number, and frequencies were highly variable between the series. Overall, TP53 and CDKN2A, followed by PIK3CA, HRAS, and PTEN, were the most frequently studied and mutated genes. Mutations involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, including TP53, HRAS, KRAS, and PIK3CA, have been consistently reported across the studies. However, the role of individual mutations or pathways in the development of VSCC remains unclear. In conclusion, heterogeneity and the small sample size of available molecular series contribute to a limited view of the molecular landscape of VSCC. Large-scale genome- or exome-wide studies with robust HPV testing are necessary to improve the molecular characterization of VSCC.

scholarly journals Assessing the accuracy of computed tomography in detecting bony invasion and thickness of squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110177
Author(s):  
Conor T Boylan ◽  
Michaela S Gaston ◽  
Puja Merwaha ◽  
Kurdow Nader ◽  
Sukhbir Rayatt
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Bony Involvement

Objectives The aim of this study was to ascertain the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in assessing the presence of bony involvement and thickness of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scalp. Methods A single-centre retrospective chart review was carried out. Inclusion criteria were scalp SCC, CT between January 2008 and 2018, and the availability of a reference test. Reference tests were either histology, surgical notes or clinical notes. Tabular assessment of accuracy was performed and Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher exact test were used in univariable analysis. Accuracy of thickness measurement was calculated using the limits of agreement method, and linear regression was used to examine trend. Results Thirty-nine patients were included. Most patients were male (74.4%), white (97.4%), not immunosuppressed (66.6%) and had poorly differentiated tumours (33.3%). The most common tumour sites were the vertex (28.2%) and temporal region (23.1%). Sensitivity of CT in detecting presence or absence of bony invasion of scalp SCC was 76.9% (95% CI 46.2–94.9%) and specificity was 96.2% (95% CI 80.4-99.9%). Overall accuracy was 89.7% (95% CI 75.8–97.1%), positive predictive value was 90.1% (95% CI 58.7–99.8%) and negative predictive value was 89.3% (95% CI 71.8–97.7%). No significant differences were found comparing patients with an accurate or inaccurate CT scan. Thickness on CT was found to be consistent with histological thickness at the 95% confidence level. Conclusions CT is accurate at assessing the presence of bony involvement and thickness of scalp SCC. This study was limited somewhat by small sample size.

scholarly journals Matched-Pair Analysis of Survival in the Patients with Advanced Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Induction Chemotherapy Plus Chemo-Radiation or Total Laryngectomy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Patricia García-Cabo ◽  
Fernando López ◽  
Mario Sánchez-Canteli ◽  
Laura Fernández-Vañes ◽  
César Álvarez-Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Tumor Node Metastasis Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: We performed a comparative analysis between an organ-preservation protocol and surgery followed by radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx; Methods: 60 previously untreated patients who were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy in responders were compared with a control group of 60 patients treated with up-front surgery. Both groups were statistically comparable, according to the subsite, TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage, age, and sex; Results: Mean age was 58 years and 92% were male. No significant statistical difference was observed for overall survival (OS) (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.48–1,18; P = 0.22) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.52–1.83, P = 0.96). Also, there was no significant difference for recurrence-free survival (HR 0.931; 95% CI 0.57–1.71; P = 0.81), metastases-free survival (HR 2.23; 95% CI 0.67–7.41; P = 0.19), and the appearance of second primary tumors (HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.51–2.88; P = 0.64); Conclusions: The results of the organ-preservation approach did not appear inferior to those of surgery plus (chemo)radiotherapy for patients with T3/T4a larynx and T2–T4a hypopharynx cancer with respect to OS and DSS, locoregional control and metastases-free survival.

scholarly journals Single modality radical radiotherapy is an acceptable alternative for the older patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000492
Author(s):  
Sarah Derby ◽  
Matthew Forshaw ◽  
Caroline Lowrie ◽  
Derek Grose ◽  
Husam Marashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Radical Radiotherapy ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundOesophageal cancer remains a common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Increasingly, oncology centres are treating an older population and comorbidities may preclude multimodality treatment with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We review outcomes of radical radiotherapy (RT) in an older population treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) oesophagus.MethodsPatients over 65 years receiving RT for SCC oesophagus between 2013 and 2016 in the West of Scotland were identified. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analysis were used to compare overall survival (OS) between patients treated with radical RT and radical CRT.ResultsThere were 83 patients over 65 years treated with either RT (n=21) or CRT (n=62). There was no significant difference in median OS between CRT versus RT (26.8 months vs 28.5 months, p=0.92). All patients receiving RT completed their treatment whereas 11% of CRT patients did not complete treatment.ConclusionSurvival in this non-trial older patient group managed with CRT is comparable to that reported in previous trials. RT shows better than expected outcomes which may reflect developments in RT technique. This review supports RT as an alternative in older patients, unfit for concurrent treatment.

scholarly journals Squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum in HIV: two case reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff John ◽  
Ken Kesner ◽  
John Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Punch Biopsy ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
T1 N0 M0

Abstract Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scrotum was the first malignancy known to be associated with exposure to an occupational carcinogen—in this case, soot trapped in the breeches of chimney sweeps. Better civil rules and regulations and the replacement of hearths with other forms of heating have rendered SCC of the scrotum a rarity. We report two cases of scrotal SCC with vastly differing clinical presentations and management. Case presentation Case 1 had T1 N0 M0 disease and presented with a small (< 2 cm), innocuous-looking, non-healing ulcer of eight years duration. A punch biopsy revealed a superficially invasive SCC confirmed on immunohistochemical profiling. A wide local excision of the lesion was subsequently performed. Follow-up at three years showed no signs of recurrence. Case 2 presented with T4 N1 M1 disease and rapidly progressing locally destructive mass. A punch biopsy of the scrotal lesion confirmed invasive moderately differentiated focally keratinising SCC. The metastatic evaluation confirmed the presence of metastatic, extensive para-aortic lymphadenopathy. He was managed with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion Early detection and management of patients with SCC of the scrotum are essential. If the diagnosis is delayed, treatment options become limited, and the prognosis is poor. Notwithstanding the rarity of this disease, multicentre trials are needed to provide more precise guidelines as to the optimal management of these patients.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics analysis of DNMT1 expression and its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jili Cui ◽  
Lian Zheng ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Miaomiao Xue
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dnmt1 Expression

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common type of malignancy in the world. DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) play key roles in carcinogenesis and regulation of the immune micro-environment, but the gene expression and the role of DNMT1 in HNSCC is unknown. In this study, we utilized online tools and databases for pan-cancer and HNSCC analysis of DNMT1 expression and its association with clinical cancer characteristics. We also identified genes that positively and negatively correlated with DNMT1 expression and identified eight hub genes based on protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological functions related with of DNMT1. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was performed to explore the relationship between DNMT1 expression and immune-cell infiltration. We demonstrated that DNMT1 gene expression was upregulated in HNSCC and associated with poor prognosis. Based on analysis of the eight hub genes, we determined that DNMT1 may be involved in cell cycle, proliferation and metabolic related pathways. We also found that significant difference of B cells infiltration based on TP 53 mutation. These findings suggest that DNMT1 related epigenetic alterations have close relationship with HNSCC progression, and DNMT1 could be a novel diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC.

scholarly journals Association between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamagata ◽  
Satoshi Fukuzawa ◽  
Naomi Ishibashi-Kanno ◽  
Fumihiko Uchida ◽  
Hiroki Bukawa
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe systemic inflammatory response is known to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with various types of cancer. The C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin (Alb) ratio (CAR) has been reported as a novel inflammation-based prognostic marker. We have evaluated the prognostic value of inflammatory markers for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study population included 205 patients treated with OSCC between 2013 and 2018. The primary predictor variable was the inflammatory markers. The primary outcome variable was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model to identify independent prognostic factors. The CAR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values compared with other markers in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The cutoff value for CAR was 0.032 (AUC 0.693, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in OS when patients were stratified according to CAR, with 79.1% for CAR < 0.032 and 35% for CAR ≥ 0.032 (P < 0.001). Cox multivariate analysis identified independent predictive factors for OS: age (hazard ratio [HR] 2.155, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.262–3.682; P = 0.005), stage (HR 3.031, 95% CI 1.576–5.827; P = 0.001), and CAR (HR 2.859, 95% CI 1.667–4.904; P < 0.001). CAR (≥ 0.032 vs. < 0.032) is a good prognostic marker in patients with OSCC in terms of age and stage.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy alone versus definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cT4b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chin Li ◽  
Chih-Yi Chen ◽  
Ying-Hsiang Chou ◽  
Chih-Jen Huang ◽  
Hsiu-Ying Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary Analysis

Abstract Background The role of radiotherapy for cT4bNanyM0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESqCC) is relatively unclear, with both chemotherapy (C/T) alone and definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCCRT) being treatment options in the current guidelines. We aimed to compare the survival of dCCRT versus C/T for these patients via a population-based approach. Methods Eligible cT4b ESqCC patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2017 were identified via the Taiwan Cancer Registry. We used propensity score (PS) weighting to balance the observable potential confounders between groups. The hazard ratio (HR) of death and incidence of esophageal cancer mortality (IECM) were compared between dCCRT and C/T. We also evaluated OS in subgroups of either low or standard radiotherapy doses. Results Our primary analysis consisted of 247 patients in whom covariates were well balanced after PS weighing. The HR for death when dCCRT was compared with C/T was 0.36 (95% confidence interval 0.24–0.53, P < 0.001). Similar results were found for IECM. Statistical significance was only observed in the standard RT dose but not in the low dose in subgroup analyses. Conclusions In this population-based nonrandomized study of cT4bNanyM0 ESqCC patients from Asia (Taiwan), we found that the use of radiotherapy with chemotherapy was associated with better overall survival than chemotherapy alone. Further studies (especially RCTs) are needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals SHISA3Promoter Methylation Is a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhisen Shen ◽  
Chongchang Zhou ◽  
Jinyun Li ◽  
Dong Ye ◽  
Hongxia Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Promoter Hypermethylation ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Qrt Pcr

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution ofSHISA3promoter methylation to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).SHISA3promoter methylation status and expression were determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 93 paired LSCC and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. Furthermore, the regulatory function of theSHISA3promoter fragment was analyzed using a luciferase reporter assay. The results reveal that there is a significant increase inSHISA3methylation in LSCC tissues compared with corresponding nontumor tissuesP=4.58E-12. The qRT-PCR results show a significant association betweenSHISA3methylation and expression in LSCCP=1.67E-03. In addition, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.91. Consequently, a log-rank test and multivariate Cox analysis suggest thatSHISA3promoter hypermethylation is a predictor of poor overall survival for LSCC (log-rankP= 0.024; HR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.024–7.177;P= 0.047). The results indicate thatSHISA3promoter hypermethylation might increase the risk of LSCC through regulation of gene expression and is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for LSCC.

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