ONLINE TRAINING ON THE INTRODUCTION AND HANDLING OF THE THREAT OF RATTLESNAKES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Agus Pambudi Dharma ◽  
Winarno Winarno
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Online Training ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Upper Jaw

Snakes are cold-blooded reptiles that are often found from the lowlands, headlands, soil, trees, freshwater, brackish water, to seawater, except in areas with low temperatures such as the poles. Rattlesnake bites continue to occur anytime and anywhere. Although, currently, there is a covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The community needs to know and identify some basic knowledge about snakes. This training was held on April 22, 2020. The method used in this training was demonstration and question and answered through the chat column on Instagram and YouTube accounts for 1 hour. The results of this online training provide additional information and knowledge to the broader community. Also, the number of participants who took part was more significant and scattered throughout Indonesia. Snakes with high venom have a pair of fangs in the upper jaw, and not all highly venomous snakes have triangular heads, such as Bungarus candidus (weling) and Bungarus fasciatus (welang).

Climate Change Effects on Venomous Snakes

2019 ◽  
pp. 475-490
Author(s):  
Abdellah Bouazza ◽  
Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan ◽  
Abdelmohcine Aimrane ◽  
Kholoud Kahime ◽  
Aziza Lansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Face ◽  
Snake Toxins

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the evidence of a relationship between climatic changes and snake species distribution in relation with the snakebites risk increment against human populations. The global climatic change is a key factor leading to snake species behavioral changes mainly because of the rise of temperature. The variety of venomous snakes and their related potency toward human being have been well documented. Thus, this may serve as a basic knowledge for any preventive act in the face of snake toxins and their caused physiopathological and clinical effects. In addition, several studies have shown that global warming have caused a change in snake habitat and distribution, thus leading to an increase of overlapped human and snake populations living territories which raise up the risk of envenomation. Globally, more than 20,000 deaths occur every year with a high tendency to increase. Thus, consideration of human risk of envenomation may be fundamental to the effective intervention in epidemiological and clinical scales.

scholarly journals The Ecology of the Amphipoda of the South of the Isle of Man

1948 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Ecological Aspect ◽  
The South ◽  
Tidal Level ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A survey was made during 1946 covering the Amphipoda of the south end of the Isle of Man from an ecological aspect. The object was to revise the records of the area and to obtain additional information about the habitats of the species found.The area in which the survey took place was within a radius of 10 miles from Port Erin.Various sorts of gear were used for collection offshore and it is concluded that the fine-meshed dredge is the most useful instrument for collecting amphipods.A systematic treatment of the species found includes a summary of records regarding habitat for each species.It is suggested that the Amphipoda may be of greater economic importance than has previously been realized.A discussion of offshore, intertidal, and brackish-water habitats includes lists of the more important species obtained grouped according to type of ground and zonation with regard to tidal level and salinity. The importance of offshore species is assessed on a basis of the average number of individuals collected per haul.Comparison of the zonation of littoral and estuarine species with that known from other areas reveals a general agreement.The existence of more than one form of several species of the genus Gammarus is discussed and it is suggested that they are in an active state of evolution.I am indebted to Prof. J. H. Orton for encouragement and discussion, and to Mr G. M. Spooner for allowing me to read a proof of his recent paper.

How characean cells have contributed to the progress of plant membrane biophysics

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Tazawa ◽  
Teruo Shimmen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Operation Techniques ◽  
Plant Membranes ◽  
Membrane Physiology ◽  
Water And Ion Transport

Basic knowledge on plant membranes has been greatly indebted to internodal cells of charophytes, which are aquatic cryptogams mostly growing in fresh water and some in brackish water. The huge size of the internodal cell enables us to study water and ion transport in a single cell. Furthermore, the cell can be subjected to various kinds of cell operations such as preparation of cells having abnormal osmotic pressures, effusion of the steaming endoplasm, perfusion of the vacuole with artificial solutions, preparation of tonoplast-free cells and plasma membrane-permeabilised cells. Taking advantage of the large cell size and the cell operation techniques, various aspects of characterisations of plant membranes (plasma membrane, tonoplast, endomembranes) have been achieved using characean cells. The present article intends to depict unique contributions of characean cells to membrane physiology and biophysics in the last century, focusing on several topics and with historical perspectives.

Observations on the orifices found in certain poisonous snakes, situated between the nostril and the eye. By Patrick Russell, M. D., F. R. S. With some remarks on the structure of those orifices; and the description of a bag connected with the eye, met with in the same snakes

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 138-139
Keyword(s):  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Rounded Form ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Whole Class ◽  
The Many ◽  
To Receive

The orifice, which is the principal object of this paper, has been long since noticed by naturalists, who conceived it to be the external organ of hearing. Dr. Russell, in the many opportunities he has had of observing a variety of snakes, has particularly examined them with respect to this feature; and he here informs us, that he has found in the whole class (exclusive of the rattle-snake,) fifteen or sixteen species of Coluber, and three of the genus Boa, which have these lateral orifices; that they have not as yet been discovered in the genus Anguis; and that in general it appears that only venomous snakes have this distinctive character. From Mr. Home’s description and remarks, we learn that these orifices do not lead to the nostril or to the ear, but to a distinct bag of a rounded form, there being within the skull a hollow of the same shape, surrounded by bone, which seems purely intended to receive it. This cavity is described as resembling a cup, formed by the bones of the skull and those of the upper jaw, and not unlike the orbit. The bags bear a relative proportion to the size of the snake; they are, like the eyelids, lined with a cuticle, which forms the transparent cornea, making a part of the outer cuticle; both which, it seems, are shed at the same time.

scholarly journals A Community Needs Assessment of Nutrition and Behavioral Characteristics That May Impede Physical Fitness in a United States Army Reserve Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1353-1353
Author(s):  
Carla Trochez ◽  
Derek Miketinas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Community Needs Assessment

Abstract Objectives Perform a community needs assessment of soldiers to determine the types of programs or interventions necessary to improve physical fitness. Methods A mixed-method analysis was conducted on thirteen soldiers from a seventy-member Medical Company (Med Co.) who completed two online surveys. Of nine key informants, one provided additional information regarding the community's background conditions. The online surveys consisted of an adaptive dietary history questionnaire (DHQ3) and a complimentary Community Needs Assessment (CNA) survey that provided insight into the subjects’ community and background conditions. Results Of the total participants in this study (n = 13), the average respondent was 28 years old and male (76.9%). The average APFT score was 230, and the average total Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score was 57.8. Researchers found an inverse association between APFT and HEI scores, a positive association between HEI scores and weight loss, and a positive association between total HEI scores and time in service. Conclusions Policymakers should promote increasing diet quality by utilizing existing resources, implementing programs that provide nutrition and exercise counseling from specialized professionals, and increasing the availability of healthy foods for Reservists. Funding Sources No funding was provided to conduct this research.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding snakes and snake bite among rural adult of Belagavi, Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Pathak ◽  
Chandra Metgud
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Venomous Snake ◽  
Bite Marks ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: India is home to over 270 species of snakes, including 60 venomous. Belagavi, set in foothills of Western Ghats, is home to four major venomous snakes viz. Russell’ s viper, spectacled cobra, common krait and saw scaled viper. Surveys suggest that around half of the snake bite related deaths take place in India and are largely avoidable and treatable. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Snakes and Snake bite among adult in a rural area of Belagavi, Karnataka.Methods: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adults who were permanent residents of Kinaye village located in the field practice area of JN Medical College, Belagavi. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice after taking written informed consent. Results: Most of the study participants when shown different photographs could differentiate between venomous and non-venomous snakes and their bite marks. 100% of the study participants knew that medical treatment was available for snakebite and would rush to a health facility in an event of snakebite. Most common venomous Snake to be identified was Spectacled Cobra (72%) while Common Krait was the least identified (24%). About 75% of study subjects correctly differentiated between the pictures of venomous and non-venomous Snake bite marks. Nearly 90.5% believed that Snakes bite for self-defence. Conclusions: In the present study majority of the participants had basic knowledge about Snake identification and snakebite. Most correctly identified venomous and non-venomous Snakes was Spectacled Cobra and Green Vine Snake respectively, while most incorrectly identified venomous Snake was common Krait. All the participants knew that there is medical treatment available for snakebite and most of them were in favour of not killing Snakes. 

ON THE SPECIFIC HEAT OF SOLIDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. K. Barron ◽  
J. A. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Continuum Approximation ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Continuum

The temperature dependence of the specific heat of solids at very low temperatures is examined, using theoretical models and certain recent experimental results. The temperature region over which the continuum approximation (Cν = aT3) is strictly reliable is shorter than has often been supposed, and the series expansion Cν = aT3 + bT5 + cT7 + … is needed for the analysis of accurate experimental results. For insulators θ0 can best be estimated from measured specific heats by plotting Cν/T3 versus T2; the result is a curve whose intercept at T2 = 0 gives the coefficient of T3 (and hence θ0), and whose slopeand curvature give additional information about the vibrational spectrum at low frequencies. For metals the usual plot of Cν/T versus T2 can be used, but here again neglect of curvature may lead to errors in the estimates of γ and θ0. A brief discussion is given of the low temperature specific heats of a number of solids for which suitable data are available: potassium chloride, lithium fluoride, white tin, tungsten, the noble metals, and elements of diamond structure.

scholarly journals Principles and Modes of Distillation in Desalination Process

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sadiq Isah ◽  
Husna Takaijudin ◽  
Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Separation Technique ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Mode

Distillation has been a very important separation technique used over many centuries. This technique is diverse and applicable in different fields and for different substances. Distillation is important in the desalination section. Various principles are used in desalting seawater and brackish water to fulfill the demands of freshwater. This work explains the modes and principles of distillation in desalination, their types, present improvement, challenges, and limitations as well as possible future improvements. The first and primary mode of distillation is the passive type. As times went by and the demand for freshwater kept increasing, other modes were introduced and these modes fall under the active distillation type. However, each mode has its own advantages, disadvantages, and limitations over each other. The principles and modes of distillation are as significant as understanding the energy sources needed for distillation. Hence, they are the basic knowledge needed for future innovation in the desalination industries.

scholarly journals Koude verrassingen. Ontwikkelingen en toekomstige mogelijkheden in de archeologie in het poolgebied

Paleo-aktueel ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Louwrens Hacquebord
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
The North ◽  
The University

Frozen surprises. Past developments and future possibilities in Arctic Archaeology. The North Pole region has a rich and interesting history. People migrated to the area to hunt and to collect raw materials or to explore new sailing routes and the North Pole itself. They experienced how hard it was to survive under arctic circumstances. People from the Netherlands played a role in the exploration and exploitation of the area, and the Dutch archives have rich collections of maps and other polar documentation. In 1970, the Arctic Centre of the University of Groningen was established to study the history and languages of the Arctic. In 1978, the research of the Arctic Centre was extended into archaeological research. This research was executed for four reasons: First, because polar activities are not always documented, archaeological research may fill in the gaps in polar history. Second, because of low temperatures and isolation, objects and traces are very well preserved and therefore may contain much additional information. Third, due to slow degradation of material, much palaeo-biological material is well preserved, producing very interesting ecological information. Finally, the collection of written and printed material gives unique possibilities for comparison.

Production of New and Revised A.A.V.S.O. Charts

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Clinton B. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Variable Star ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Original Data ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The University

A “new charts program” for the Americal Association of Variable Star Observers was instigated in 1966 via the gift to the Association of the complete variable star observing records, charts, photographs, etc. of the late Prof. Charles P. Olivier of the University of Pennsylvania (USA). Adequate material covering about 60 variables, not previously charted by the AAVSO, was included in this original data, and was suitably charted in reproducible standard format.Since 1966, much additional information has been assembled from other sources, three Catalogs have been issued which list the new or revised charts produced, and which specify how copies of same may be obtained. The latest such Catalog is dated June 1978, and lists 670 different charts covering a total of 611 variables none of which was charted in reproducible standard form previous to 1966.

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