scholarly journals Thermal behaviour of edible crab Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758 in coastal Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Snorre Bakke ◽  
Sten I Siikavuopio ◽  
Jørgen Schou Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Horizontal Gradient ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Cancer Pagurus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
Rapid Temperature

Ocean warming drives latitudinal shifts in the distribution of ectotherm species. The rate and magnitude of such shifts are constrained by physiology and behavioural thermoregulation. Here, we investigated the thermal preference and lower critical temperature (CTmin) in female edible crab Cancer pagurus, a decapod crustacean with an ongoing northward dispersal along the Norwegian coast. The temperature selected by individual crabs from a northern (latitude ~69°N) and southern (latitude ~62°N) location was examined in a horizontal gradient (5.5-14.5°C) under a simulated day and night light regime. Irrespective of origin, crabs showed pronounced responses to the light cycle – during the day crabs stayed inactive in the warm end of the gradient but during night they actively explored the entire gradient. A preferred temperature of ~13 °C (measured as mode of loggings) was identified for crabs at both locations. Righting reflex experiments of crabs exposed to a rapid temperature drop (7 - 1 °C at -0.1 °C/min) identified a CTmin of ~1.3 °C (i.e., the temperature at which 50% of crabs failed to right from an up-side-down position), and with no significant difference between locations (p > 0.05). Our results provide important information about the functional characteristics of edible crab, and are discussed in context of the biology and ongoing northward dispersal of the species.

Evaluation of Satellite-Derived SST Products in Identifying the Rapid Temperature Drop on the West Florida Shelf Associated With Hurricane Irma

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggang Liu ◽  
Robert H. Weisberg ◽  
Jason Law ◽  
Boyin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
West Florida Shelf ◽  
The West ◽  
Florida Shelf ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Ocean Observations ◽  
Hurricane Irma

AbstractSatellite-derived daily sea surface temperature (SST) products are compared with moored SST observations on the West Florida Shelf during the time period of Hurricane Irma. Most of the SST products compare reasonably well with the moored data at the location of 25-m depth, where SST dropped by about 1°C after the hurricane passage. However, most of the SST products did not show the rapid SST drop at the location of 50-m depth where the surface water was cooled by about 4°C within 1 day in response to the hurricane passage. This finding has important implications to air-sea interaction studies and hurricane simulations, in which SST data play an important role. The limitations of the popular satellite products call for additional coastal ocean observations as well as proper inclusion of the real-time observations in satellite-derived products.

Evolution of Synthetic Fluid from Water Extract from Fermented Ground Maize (WEFGM) as an Alternative to Water-Based Cutting Fluids: Performance Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 1150 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Taofeek Ayotunde Yusuf ◽  
Chibueze Nnorom ◽  
Olusola Femi Olusunmade
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Based

The use of agricultural wastes and natural materials in new technologies is a novel subject. Consequently, an attempt has been made to formulate a synthetic fluid using an organic water, Water Extract from Fermented Ground Maize (WEFGM) and compare its performance with water-based sample in turning operation using a mild steel as workpiece. Two samples of synthetic fluids were formulated from each of deionized WEFGM, ordinary WEFGM and deionized water as base-fluids at two composition (5 and 10%vol) levels of selected additives. The results of experimental analysis of heat transfer properties of these synthetic fluids exist, hence the need to ascertain the actual performance output. Temperature-Time Gradient (TTG) which is a rate of temperature drop (heat withdrawn) from the work zone was used as evaluation parameters. The result showed that deionized WEFGM is the most efficient of the entire samples at both compositions with an average TTG of 3.61 and 2.16 °C/min at 10 and 5% additive concentration respectively. At lower additive concentration which is more economically advantageous, the performance rating is deionized WEFGM>>WEFGM>>deionized Water. This implies that WEFGM is more effective than water as a base fluid for synthetic fluid in performance as it has been previously so reported in properties. Meanwhile, T-test statistical analysis (using IBM SPSS 23) shows that there is highly significant difference in TTG at each time of application of individual fluid (p<0.05). However, TTG of one fluid sample is not significantly different from the other (p>0.05) implying that the fluids can all work as coolants and relatively have comparable performance output.

scholarly journals Non-invasive MRI Studies of Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Performance in Edible Crabs Cancer pagurus During Warming Under Elevated CO2 Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Maus ◽  
Sebastian Gutsfeld ◽  
Christian Bock ◽  
Hans-Otto Pörtner
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cancer Pagurus ◽  
Decapod Crustacea ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Cardiovascular Performance ◽  
Flow Through

The thermal tolerance of marine decapod crustacea is defined through their capacities for oxygen uptake and distribution. High ambient CO2 levels were previously shown to reduce hemolymph oxygen levels at enhanced cardiac performance during warming. This study investigated the impacts of warming under two CO2 levels on ventilation and hemolymph circulation in edible crabs Cancer pagurus. It also highlights changes in the ventilatory and cardiac pauses displayed by Decapoda under routine metabolism. Animals were exposed to step-wise, sub-critical warming (12–20°C over 5 days) under control (470 μatm) and high (1,350 μatm) water PCO2. Flow-through respirometry was combined with magnetic resonance imaging and infra-red photoplethysmography to allow for simultaneous, non-invasive measurements of metabolic rates (M˙O2), ventilation and cardiovascular performance. Crabs spent significantly more time in a low M˙O2 state (metabolic pause), when experiencing high CO2 conditions above 16°C, compared to normocapnic warming. Heart rates leveled off beyond 18°C at any CO2 level. Cardiac output continued to increase with high-CO2-warming, due to elevated cardiac stroke volumes. Consequently, temperature-dependent branchial hemolymph flow remained unaffected by CO2. Instead, a suppressing effect of CO2 on ventilation was found beyond 16°C. These results indicate constrained oxygen uptake at stable cardiovascular performance in a decapod crustacean.Cancer pagurus: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B750F89A-84B5-448B-8D80-EBD724A1C9D4

Acute morphological changes of palisade cells ofSaintpaulia leaves induced by a rapid temperature drop

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Gill Yun ◽  
Takahiro Hayashi ◽  
Susumu Yazawa ◽  
Tetzuya Katoh ◽  
Yuko Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Palisade Cells

scholarly journals 1153. UV-C Technology Is an Effective Adjunct to Terminal Cleaning in Environmental Pathogen Reduction in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S346-S347
Author(s):  
Prachi Singh ◽  
Amanda Lucas ◽  
Monica Nayakwadi Singer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grant Recipient ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
Uv C

Abstract Background Effective environmental surface cleaning plays a vital role in reducing transmission of hospital-acquired infections. There remains a paucity of data in the pediatric literature regarding environmental pathogen reduction utilizing UV-C light. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction of environmental pathogens using UV-C light (Clorox Optimum-UV) as an adjunct to terminal cleaning in a free-standing tertiary pediatric hospital. Methods Upon patient discharge, a subset of patient rooms were tested for pathogens. Surface swabs were collected from high touch surfaces (call button, telemetry monitor, door handle, flush handle of toilet, faucet, bed rail, phone, keyboard pad, mouse, side table, dresser, and light switch). After terminal cleaning of the room, per hospital protocol the Clorox Optimum-UV completed one or two cycles of 5 minutes each depending on the dimensions of the room. Post-UV-C surface swabs were obtained from the same high touch areas in the room. Total colony count was reported from each of the surfaces swabbed. Swabs were streaked onto non-selective agar and incubated at 30-35oC for 72–96 hours. Mean plate colony count was determined manually and reported as CFU/swab. Data analysis was performed in Minitab 18.1. Fisher least significant difference (LSD) test was used to describe the difference between total bacterial counts at each time point (Pre-clean: dirty room, Post-clean: pre-UV-C/post-terminal clean, Post-UV: post UV-C light cycle). Results Mean total colony counts prior to cleaning the room was 92.3 CFU (33 surfaces), Pre-UV-C light 45.6 CFU and post-UV-C light 5.8 CFU (64 surfaces). Total bacterial counts are represented in Graphs 1 and 2. Upon multivariate analysis, the time the sample was taken (preclean, postclean, or post-UV) was the single explanatory variable for the differences seen in the means of total bacterial counts (P = 0). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that UV-C disinfection is a highly effective adjunctive cleaning method with standard terminal cleaning to reduce bacterial burden from environmental surfaces. Disclosures A. Lucas, Clorox: Research Contractor, Grant recipient. M. Nayakwadi Singer, Clorox: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.

scholarly journals Factors contributing to the disease ecology of brown crab (Cancer pagurus) in a temperate marine protected area.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Eve Davies ◽  
Andrew Frederick Johnson ◽  
Emma C Wootton ◽  
Spencer J Greenwood ◽  
K Fraser Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Cancer Pagurus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Landing Size ◽  
Shell Disease ◽  
Trophic Webs

Marine ecosystems are affected by multiple, well-known stressors like fishing and climate change, but a less documented concern is disease. Marine reserves have been successful in replenishing stocks and aiding recruitment but studies have shown that high population abundances in marine reserves may lead to unwanted secondary effects such as increase in predators and competition, altering trophic webs, and disease. Here, we investigate factors contributing to disease prevalence in a brown crab (Cancer pagurus) population around Lundy Island (the UK's first MPA) after 7 years of no-take protection. Population parameters (size, sex, and abundance), disease (shell disease, Hematodinium spp. infection) and injury presence (a known precursor to some disease conditions) were assessed over two years in both fished and unfished areas of the MPA. We found no significant difference in prevalence between the disease prevalence in fished and unfished areas, however overall, the number of injured crabs increased significantly over the two years (12%), as did the prevalence of shell disease (15%). The probability of crabs having shell disease increased significantly in male crabs, and in those missing limbs. The probability of crabs being injured increased significantly in crabs below the minimum landing size. In terms of population parameters, crabs were more prevalent in the fished area compared to the unfished area, thought to be a result of an increase in the predatory European lobster. The findings of the present study highlight potential secondary community changes as a result of MPA implementation. Therefore, surveillance for such changes, as part of MPA management, would provide useful information on the health and overall function of the protected ecosystem.

scholarly journals Anesthetic Effects of Alfaxalone–Ketamine, Alfaxalone–Ketamine–Dexmedetomidine, and Alfaxalone–Butorphanol–Midazolam Administered Intramuscularly in Five‑striped Palm Squirrels (Funambulus pennantii)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eshar ◽  
Hugues Beaufrère
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Anesthetic Induction ◽  
Anesthetic Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Response

Injectable anesthesia protocols for five-striped palm squirrels (Funambulus pennantii) are poorly described in the literature.In this study, male intact squirrels received intramuscular injections of either alfaxalone (6 mg/kg) and ketamine (40 mg/kg; AK group, n = 8); alfaxalone (6 mg/kg), ketamine (20 mg/kg), and dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg; AKD group, n = 8); or alfaxalone (8 mg/kg), butorphanol (1 mg/kg), and midazolam (1 mg/kg; ABM group, n = 8). Atipamezole (0.15 mg/kg IM) and flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg IM) were administered 40 min after anesthesia induction (defined as loss of the righting reflex) with AKD and ABM, respectively. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and reflexes were recorded every 5 min during anesthesia. Anesthetic induction was rapid in all groups (AK: median, 49 s; range, 33 to 60 s; AKD, 60 s; 54 to 70 s; and ABM, 15 s; 5 to 58 s). The anesthetic duration (from induction to full recovery) for the AK group was 62 ± 3 min (mean ± 1 SD). Therewas no statistically significant difference between the ABM and AKD groups regarding recovery time after partial antagonist administration and was 51 ± 5 and 48 ± 5 min, respectively. All AK animals showed twitching and abnormal vocalization during recovery. The righting reflex was absent in all squirrels for 20 min in the AK treatment group and throughout the 40-min anesthetic period in the AKD and ABM groups. The frontlimb withdrawal response was absent in all squirrels for the 40-min anesthetic period in the AKD and ABM groups, with variable responses for the AK treatment. All tested protocols in this study provided safe and effective immobilization in five-striped palm squirrels, but oxygen and thermal support wereindicated. Anesthetic depth must be determined before surgical procedures are performed in palm squirrels anesthetized by using these regimens.

scholarly journals Thermal Tolerance and Physiological Changes in Mud Crab, Scylla paramamosain Crablet at Different Water Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Syafaat ◽  
Mohamad Nor Azra ◽  
Faridah Mohamad ◽  
Che Zulkifli Che-Ismail ◽  
Adnan Amin-Safwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Tolerance Interval ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Molting Cycle ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was carried out to determine the physiological changes (survival, growth, molting cycle, sex differentiation, and gill condition) of mud crab, Scylla paramamosain crablet at different water temperatures of 24, 28 and 32 °C, and ambient temperature of 27 to 30 °C. Thermoregulatory behavior, represented by preferred temperature (29.83 ± SD 2.47 °C), critical thermal minimum (17.33 ± SD 0.58 °C), critical thermal maximum (40 ± SD 0.00 °C), and thermal tolerance interval (22.67 ± SD 0.58 °C), were checked for Crablet 1 stage only (with ambient temperature as acclimation temperature).Both low (24 °C) and high (32 °C) temperatures were associated with lower growth performance, and survival rate (p < 0.05), in comparison with both 28 °C and ambient temperature treatments.Male ratio at low temperaturetreatment (24 °C) was higher (80.09 ± SD 18.86%) than for other treatments (p < 0.05), observed as 44.81 ± D 10.50%, 41.94 ± SD 19.44%, and 76.30 ± SD 5.13% for 28 °C, 32 °C and ambient temperature treatments, respectively. However, there was no significant difference observed between 24 °C, 28 °C, and ambient temperature treatments. Anatomical alterations of gill lamellae of S. paramamosain crablet for both 32 °C, and 24 °C treatments, appeared thinner and paler than at both 28 °C, and ambient temperature treatments. Based on this study, temperature of 28 to 30 °C was recommended as the optimal temperature for the long-term nursery phase of S. paramamosain.

scholarly journals Disease profiles differ between non-fished and fished populations of edible crab (Cancer pagurus) from a major commercial fishery

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2044-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly S. Bateman ◽  
Ruth J. Hicks ◽  
Grant D. Stentiford
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Marine Fisheries ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Cancer Pagurus ◽  
Major Target

Abstract Bateman, K. S., Hicks, R. J., and Stentiford, G. D. 2011. Disease profiles differ between non-fished and fished populations of edible crab (Cancer pagurus) from a major commercial fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2044–2052. Despite their significant contribution to global marine fisheries, relatively little information is available on the pathogen profile of commercially exploited decapod crustacean populations. Most of the information published relates to adult (fished) subpopulations, with almost nothing known about disease processes and mortality drivers in juveniles. The seasonal profile of pathogens in non-fished (prerecruit) and fished (recruit) subpopulations of Cancer pagurus, a major target fishery target in European waters, is investigated. Histopathology and ultrastructural assessment of tissues demonstrated a distinct pathogen profile in the two subpopulations, the apparent prevalence of specific pathogens varying with both season and life stage of the host. In some cases, highly prevalent pathogens in the prerecruit subpopulation were not observed in the recruit subpopulation. In this context, the discovery of a novel and highly prevalent haplosporidian-like parasite infecting the antennal gland and bladder of prerecruit life stages of C. pagurus is reported. Co-infections with pathogens described previously, such as Hematodinium sp. and C. pagurus bacilliform virus, were also observed. Disease assessments in the prerecruit subpopulation of commercial decapod fishery targets could perhaps be utilized to improve the estimation of cohort success and, therefore, forecasts of future recruitment to the fishery.

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